Things I cant remember questions Exam 2

Question 1

Which drug do we not use longer than 72 hours?

Answer 1

nitroprusside (Nitropress)

Question 2

Causes direct relaxation of arteriole smooth muscle

Answer 2

hydralazine (Apresoline)

A = arteriole = hydrAlAzine

Question 3

Causes venous and arteriolar dilation

Answer 3

nitroprusside (Nitropress)

Question 4

drug of choice for HTN emergency

Answer 4

nitroprusside (Nitropress)

Question 5

drug causes toxic accumulation of thiocyanate

Answer 5

nitroprusside (Nitropress)

Question 6

drug to give if someone has reflex tachycardia

Answer 6

BB

Question 7

Direct vasodilators for HTN vs Direct Vasodilators for HF

Answer 7

HTN:

• nitroprusside (Nitropress)
• hydralazine (Apresoline)

HF:
-isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) and hydralazine
____________________________________

Broken heart = ISOlated
HTN = drugs H and N

Question 8

RAAS for HF vs RAAS for HTN

Answer 8

HF:

• Ace Inhibitor
• Aldosterone Receptor Blocker
• ARB
• ARNI- sacubitril/valsartan (Ernesto)

HTN:

• ACE Inhibitor
• Aldosterone Receptor Blocker
• ARB
• Direct Renin Inhibitor -aliskiren (Tekturna)

Question 9

You have to be off an ACE inihibotr for 36 hours before starting this drug

Answer 9

ARNI-sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto)

Question 10

How does HCN channel fx and whats the prototype? what does it treat?

Answer 10

ivabradine
FXN: slows HR by inhibiting channels in the SA Node (decrease conduction)
HF

Question 11

compare ARB fxn to Ace inhibitor fxn

Answer 11

ARB: blocks receptors for AT2

ACE inhibitor: stops AT 1 turning into AT 2

Question 12

Which RAAS drug blocs the entire RAAs system

Answer 12

direct renin inhibitor aliskiren (Tekturna)

Question 13

How does an ace inhibitor slow progression of kidney disease?

Answer 13

Decrease Angiotensin II –> vasodilation of the efferent arteriole –> pressure in glomerulus fall–> slows the progression to chronic kidney disease

Question 14

Angioedema and dry cough- which class of drugs and which one does you the most dirty?

Answer 14

RAAS

-Ace inhibitor

Question 15

Who is centrally acting- alpha 2 adrenergic agonist or alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist

Answer 15

Alpha2 Adrenergic Agonist- clonidine

Question 16

Which drug is a patch that is changed every 7 days

Answer 16

Alpha2 Adrenergic Agonist- clonidine

Question 17

Side effect is SLE syndrome

Answer 17

isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) and hydralazine

Question 18

Giving loading doses of this cardiac glycoside is called, why do it?

Answer 18

digitalization

half life of 1/5 days –> get up to therapeutic dose

Question 19

cardiac glycoside is first or second line therapy for hf?

Answer 19

second line!

Question 20

Which drug do you Start with small doses 1/10 or 1/20 and doubled every 2 weeks

Answer 20

Adrenergic Agents: Beta Blockers

Prototype: “lols” -Metoprolol XL (Lopressor, Topol XL)

Question 21

Adrenergic Agents: Beta Blockers HTN vs HF vs Angina

Answer 21

HTN/Angina: Metoprolol
HF: Metoprolol XL (Lopressor, Topol XL)

XL=succinate = long acting

Question 22

PRN pill for reduce HTN w/in 30 minutes

Answer 22

Alpha2 Adrenergic Agonist: clonidine (Catapres)

Question 23

Ca Channel Blockers: HTN or HF or Angina?

Answer 23

HTN, Angina

Question 24

HCN Channel Blocker- HTN or HF?

Answer 24

HF

Question 25

Only drug that treats HF, HTN, and Angina

Answer 25

BB

Question 26

Ca Channel blocker for Angina vs HTN

Answer 26

Angina - Diltiazem | HTN- Verapamil, Nifedipine

Question 27

No grapefruit juice (3)

Answer 27

ranolazine (Ranexa) - angina diltiazem (Cardiazem) /Ca Channel blocker- Angina Atorvastatin- HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors- lipid lowering DAR -Emily Gilmore would not serve grapefruit juice at a DAR meeting

Question 28

match chronotrope, dromotrope, and inotrope with contractility, conduction, and HR

Answer 28

positive dromotrope = increase conduction positive chronotropic = increase hr positive inotrope= increase contractility Drome= conduct bad conduct sends you to Detention Ino- contract I no wanna sign a contract Chrono= rate Chrono = chronological = rate

Question 29

List the antiplatelets

Answer 29

1. aspirin 2. ADP (clopidegrel) 3. PAR 1 (vorapaxar) 4. glycoprotein 2A/3B (acbixmab)

Question 30

List the anticoag

Answer 30

1. Heparin/LMW 2. Vit K (Warfarin) 3. Xa - (Apixaban/Rivoraxban) 4. Thrombin - (Dabigatran)

Question 31

Therapeutic levels Labs for heparin vs labs for warfarin

Answer 31

HEPARIN : - APTT: 60-80 - XA: .3-.7 WARFARIN: - PTT: 12-24 - INR : 2-3

Question 32

stop clopidrogrel/plavix (ADP) before surgery?

Answer 32

only if cardiologist approves

Question 33

don't mix these drugs with liver disease

Answer 33

1. HMG Coa (statin) | 2. Apixaban/Rivoroxaban (Anticoag- XA inihib)

Question 34

DM pts: monitor Glucose levels closely & look for other signs of HYPOGLYCEMIA.

Answer 34

Alpha/Beta : carvedilol (HTN)

Question 35

first dose orthostatic HTN so we give the med at nighttime

Answer 35

prazosin (Alpha 1 agonist- HTN) Ace inhibitor