Flashcards in Thoracic Deck (89)
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31
Describing the curves:
Location =
Direction =
# of fixed frontal plane lateral curves
Location = where in the spine
Direction = define by the CONVEX side of the lateral curve
32
C-curve:
-single lateral curve
-typically found in the thoracic spine
33
S-curve
-One primary curve w/ a second
-Secondary curve typically found in the thoracolumbar or lumbar region of the spine
34
What does the Cobb angle meausre
radiographic drawing that measures the MAGNITUDE of the lateral curve.
35
What is one postural deviation associated with scoliosis?
forward, bend test = shows raised side of thoracic cage
36
In a postural assessment checking for scoliosis, looking for: contralateral coupling (________________), spinous processes are usually rotated toward the side of ___________ (horizontal plane), and the ribs hump typically on the _________ side (frontal plane)
(lateral flexion and rotation)
rotated toward the side of CONCAVITY
convex
37
List 4 other common issues related to scoliosis:
1) breathing function
2) back pain
3) muscle imbalance
4) psychosocial issues
38
Interventions for scoliosis include:
1) Scoliosis brace (used to improve exaggerated curvature)
2) Spinal fusion
** depends on severity / PT should be considered
39
What are the effects of aging on the thoracic spine?
-degenerative changes
- loss of muslce mass and strength
- reduced compliance of the rib cage and ventilatory effectiveness
- imbalnce bone synthesis and resorption (osteoclasts break down bone fastser than osteoblasts can rebuild bone -osteoporosis, autoimmune disease)
40
True/False: The thoracic spine is the most rigid region of the spine?
True - because of ribs (protection of vital organs more important than spinal mobility)
41
In the thoracic spine region there is limited: __________ and __________.
lateral flexion and rotation
42
The facets of the intracervical and upper thoracic region are between:
horizontal and frontal planes
(favors the combination of axial rotation and lateral flexion kinematics)
43
The facets of the mid-thoracic region are:
near frontal plane
(favors lateral flexion, although not fully expressed b/c ribs splinting action)
44
The facets of the lumbar and lower thoracic region are:
near sagittal plane
(favors flexion and extension (and limit axial rotation)
45
True false: often times the side of dysfunction is the same as the side of pain.
False: Often times the side of dysfunction is opposite of the side of pain
46
Which ribs are considered atypical ribs?
ribs 1, 11, 12 and sometimes 10
47
During respiration, which ribs demonstrate a bucket handle movement?
lower
48
What are the 3 components of the sternum?
1) manubrium
2) body
3) xiphoid process
49
The sternum functions as a:
osseous protective plate for the heart
50
What is the manubriosternal joint?
junction b/n the manubrium and the body
51
Ribs 1-7 are _____ ribs. They articulare directly with the sternum through :
true
chondrosternal joints
52
Ribs 8-10 are _______ ribs. They are indirect with sternum through costal cartilages of the adjacent superior rib @ the ___________ joints.
false
Interchondral
53
Ribs 11 and 12 are ________ ribs. They have no anterior attachement
floating
54
Typical ribs are _-_
2-9
55
Typical ribs have a head that attaches to the V. body at the ________________ joint. With __ demifacets with crest between them.
costovertebral
2
56
Typical ribs have a neck that is _____ to the head
distal
57
Typical ribs have a tubercle that is distal to the neck and articulates with the transverse process at the ________________ joint.
costotransverse joint
58
At the costovertebral joint, convex rib facets are _________________facet of rib head (demifacets). The concave vertebral facet is _________________ facet of adjacent vertebra
superior/inferior
inferior/superior
59
The costotransverse joint has 10 pairs of joints (________) and convex rib tubercles (__________)
T1-T10
T1-T6
60
