Thorax&Abdomen Flashcards
(176 cards)
1
Q
What does trunk consist of?
A
thorax and abdomen
2
Q
Where is the thorax?
A
from base of neck to the diaphragm muscle
3
Q
What is thorax function?
A
protect heart and lung
4
Q
What are muscles that thorax attached to?
A
upper limb
back
respiration
5
Q
Where is the abdomen?
A
from diaphragm muscle to pelvic inlet
6
Q
What does abdomen contain?
A
major viscera of digestive system
7
Q
What does hold viscera in place?
A
masculature
8
Q
What part of abdomen doesn’t have bony structure?
A
lumbar vertebrae
9
Q
What is the name for superior thorax?
A
superior thoracic aperture or thoracic inlet
10
Q
What is the shape of superior thorax?
A
kidney-shaped opening
11
Q
What is superior thorax formed of?
A
T1 vertebrae, 1st pair of ribs and superior margin manubrium
12
Q
What does superior border of thorax include?
A
apex of lungs
common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
subclavian artery & vein
Esophagu & trachea
brachial plexus
13
Q
what is the cause of thoracic inlet syndrome?
A
compressiion of thoracic inlet
14
Q
What are the symptoms of thoracic inlet syndrome?
A
Reduced blood flow (cool bluish skin)
muscle weakness
C8+T1 damaged -> loose the sense of your hand
15
Q
What does brachial plexus supply?
A
C8 + T1
16
Q
Where is the inferior thorax?
A
wide opening formed by T12 vertebrae, 12th pair ribs & costal arch
17
Q
What are in the anterior border of thorax?
A
sternumb, ribs and costal cartilages
18
Q
What are part of the posterior thorax?
A
thoracic vertebrae and ribs
19
Q
How many thoracic vertebraes are there?
A
12
20
Q
What are parts of sternum?
A
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
jugular notch
sternal angle
21
Q
Where is the jugular notch?
A
on top of the sternum of manubrium
22
Q
What is the sternal angle?
A
between body and manubrium
23
Q
what true ribs are there?
A
1-7 ribs attached to sternum
24
Q
What are there false ribs?
A
8-10 superior without attaching to sternum
25
What are the floating ribs?
10-11 as it doesn't have anterior attachment
26
Where does common carotid artery going through?
cervical vertebrae
27
Where does the subclavian artery and veins go to?
the arm
28
How many joints does thorax have?
2 posterior joints and 4 anterior joints
29
What are those 2 posterior joints?
costovertebral and costotransverse
30
What kind is costovertebral joint?
plane joint and connecting between head of ribs and two vertebrae
31
What ligaments does costovertebral joints have?
interosseous ligament
radiate (stellate) lig
32
What does interosseous ligament do?
connecting crest of head (ribs) to vertebrae disk
33
What does radiate (stellate) lig do?
reinforce the ligament of costalvertebral joints
34
What do the ribs of thorax consist of?
head, neck and body
35
What does travel through costal groove?
veins and nerves
36
What does the crest of head of ribs do?
articulate with the vertebral body at the costovertebral joint
37
What part of the rib that articulate with the transverse process of vertebrae?
Tubercle of the neck
38
What does costotransverse joints consist of?
superior CT lig
CT proper or posterior
lateral CT lig
39
What does superior CT ligament connect?
superior surface crest of neck to inferior surfeace of transverse process
40
What does CT proper or posterior connect?
posterior surface of neck to the anterior surface of transverse process
41
Where does the tubercle of rib articulate?
the transverse process at costotransverse joint
42
Where is the most vulnerable broken place of the rib?
costal angle
43
What does lateral CT lig connect?
tip of transverse process and tubucle of rib
44
What is the action does rib 1-7 do?
roll (pump handle movement)
45
What action does rib 8-10 do?
silde (buckle handle movement)
46
What are 4 anterior thorax joints?
2 rib-sternum
2 intrasternal
47
What kind of joints is constalchondral? chondrosternal?
synchondrosis.
synchondrosis for the 1st rib and plane joint for the remaining
48
What are parts of rib-sternum joints?
constochondral and chondrosternal
49
What is the costochondral joint?
the rib start of costal cartilage
50
What is the chondrosternal joint?
the sternum costal cartilage
51
What are parts of intrasternal joints?
manubriosternal
xiphisternal
52
What kind of jointis is manubriosternal? Where is it?
symphysis. In manubrium
53
What kind of joint
54
Muscle that attach to the ribs has the potential to affect respiration
Pectoral muscles
55
What are the thoracic muscles concerned exclusively w/ respiration?
diaphragm
intercostal
serratus posterior
levator costarum
56
What muscle cover the thoracic wall?
pectoral
serratus anterior
trapezius
lats
erector spinae
57
58
What is the layer muscles of intercostal?
external
internal
innermost layer
59
Where is the external intercostal muscle bulk in?
in back (posterior)
60
Where is the internal ntercostal muscle bulk in?
anterior
61
What muscles are made of the innermost?
Innermost (lateral)
transversus thoracics (anterior)
subcostals (posterior)
62
What is the levator costarum muscle?
transverse process to 1 or 2 ribs below between tubercle and angle
63
What muscle is inferomedial in intercostal?
external intercostal muscle
64
What intercostal muscles that are superomedial?
internal intercostal muscles and innermost intercostal
65
Where does nerve and blood vessels travel in the intercostal muscle layers?
between internal and innermost intercostal muscle
66
What does the endothoracic fascia do?
line the thoracic cage
67
What is the order of thoracic fascia layer?
superficial
deep layer
thoracolumbar
endothoracic
suprapleural
68
What is in between parietal and visceral pleura?
pleural cavity
69
What is the function of pleural cavity?
reduce fiction between visceral and parietal pleura
70
What is the suprapleural membrane?
endothoracic fascia covering apices of lung
71
What are the nerves supply that travel through thorax?
intercostal nerve
subcostal nerve
72
What are the blood supplies for thorax?
Posterior intercostal artery
73
What arteries does posterior intercostal give off?
segmental medullary arteries
74
Where does the posterior intercostal artery travel?
between innermost and internal muscle thorax
75
What does the internal thoracic artery give off?
anterior IC art
anterior cutaneous artery
76
What does give off the intercostal nerve ?
anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerve
77
What does the intercostal nerve give off?
anterior and lateral cutaneous nerve
78
Where is the subcostal blood?
under rib 12 because it doesn't travel between internal and innermost intercostal anymore
79
What is the travel route of intercostal nerve?
1-6 gives off anterior cutaneous nerves then 7-12 innervate abdominal oblique muscle
80
What blood supply the 1st IC spaces of thorax?
superior thoracic artery
supreme IC artery
81
What is the other name for interosseous lig?
intra-articular lig
82
Where does the posterior IC drain into?
azygos or hemiazygos
83
where does anterior IC drain into?
internal thoracic
84
What are part of lymphatic?
axiallary
parasternal
intercostal
85
Where does the axillary artery drain into?
superficial thorax
86
Where does the parasternal artery drain into? Intercostal?
deep anterior thorax
deep posterior thorax
87
What is the order of vein artery and nerve superiorly?
VAN ( Vein -\> Artery -\> Nerve)
88
What is the transversalis fascia similar to?
endothoracic fascia of thorax
89
What is the fascia layer of abdomen?
Superficial
Deep
transversalis fascia
Peritoneum
90
What are the abdomen muscle?
4 anterior muscle and 4 posterior muscles
91
What is similar to the external abdominal oblique?
external intercostal muscle (inferomedially)
92
What does the external oblique aponeurosis contribute to?
linea alba
93
What is the linea alba?
insertion of external oblique. midline of the abs
94
What does the inguinal ligament do?
connect ASIS to the pubic tuberole
95
Where is the orign of external oblique? Insertion?
the ribs
linea alba
95
What action does external oblique do? Internal?
normal action
reverse action
96
Origin of internal oblique? Insertion?
fascia
ribs
97
What is the deepest abdomen muscle? Is this muscle same as to the intercostal muscle in thorax?
transversus abdominus
No because its different muscle from internal/external oblique
98
What is the function of abdomen?
support the abdominal viscera
compression
move the trunk
99
What actions does abdomen do?
compression (normal action and reverse action)
100
What is the insertion when you move your trunk?
costal attachment (ribs)
101
Does transverus abdominus help to move the trunk?
Nope
102
Internal Oblique: reverse action?
normal action?
abdominal compression
ipsilateral rotation
103
External oblique: reverse action?
Normal action
Contralateral Rotation
abdominal compression
104
What movement of the trunk?
bilateral: flex trunk
unilateral: lateral flexion/rotation
105
What movement does the rectus abdominus do?
pull the thorax toward the abdomen
106
What is rectus abdominus different from other muscle?
It doesn't run on fiber from origin to the insertion
107
What are the blood supplies for abdomen?
108
What are the nerve supply to abdominal flat muscle?
from the continuation of the thorax (anterior rami T7-T11 and subcostal)
ilioinguinal & iliohypogastric (L1)
Cutaneous (continuation of the bigger nerves)
109
What are the blood supplies for flat anterior?
lower posterior intercostal & subcostal
deep circumflex iliac
110
What are the blood supplies for rectus abdominus?
superior epigastric
inferior epigastic
111
Where does the superior epigastric come from?
internal thoracic artery
112
What made of rectus sheath?
External/Internal Oblique, Transversus abdominus and transverilis fascia
113
What is the inguinal canal?
the passage in the anterior abdominal wall that having the spermatic cord or lig. of uterus going through
114
What does the cremaster reflex do?
muscle contract and elevate testes
115
What is the origin of rectus abdominus?
insertion?
The pubic
the xiphoid process of thorax
116
What is the motor command nerve of cremaster reflex?
genitofemoral
117
What is the border of inguinal canal?
Floor: inguinal ligament
Wall(superficial): external abdominal oblique
Internal Wall (deep): transversalis fascia
Roof: Internal Ab oblique, transverse abdominus
118
What is the opening of inguinal canal?
transversus fascia (deep ring)
119
What is the exit of inguinal canal?
superficial ring (external abd oblique)
120
What happen to the indirect inguinal hernia(75%)?
it goes through the deep ring, through canal and out of the superfial ring follow testes
121
What happens in the direct (25%) inguinal hernia?
bypasses the deep ring creating a new hole in the transversalis fascia and out the superficial ring
122
What are the posterior muscles of abdomen?
quadratus lumborum
psoas major
iliacus
psoas minor
123
What actions does quadratus lumborum do?
respiration
unilateral action: side bending (lateral flexion)
reverse action (elevate hip/pelvis)
124
What is the origin of quadratus lumborum? insertion?
abdomen muscles (L1-4)
ribs (T12)
125
Where is the psoas major?
L2-3
126
What is the sensory nerve for cremaster circumflex?
ilioinguinal
127
What made of iliopsoas? What is it powerful of?
psoas major and iliacus
hip flexion
128
What are the vestigeal muscle in posterior abdomen?
psoas minor
129
What are the blood supplies for posterior abdomen muscles?
lumbar artery and subcostal
130
What is the primary muscle of inspiration?
diaphragm
131
What is the origin of diaphragm? Insertion
the outer part of diaphragm (contractile)
the non-contractile tendon (central)
132
What are the region of diaphragm?
sternal (xiphoid process)
costal (lateral and medial articulate ligs) cartilage 7,8,9 and end of 10.12
lumbar (L1)
133
What does lateral arcuate ligament attach to?
quadratus lumborum
134
What does the medial arcuate ligament attach to?
psoas major
135
What made of the space for aorta?
cruna and median arcuate lig
136
Where is the aorta hiatus? esophageal hiatus? vena caval hiatus?
T12 (thorax to abdomen)
T10 (head to abdomen)
T8 (abdomen to thorax)
137
What nerves innervate diaphragm?
C3-C5 phrenic nerves come together to innervate diaphragm
138
What activate the phrenic nerves?
brainstem respiratory nuclei
139
What are the blood supplies to diaphragm?
superior and inferior phrenic artery
140
Where is the superior phrenic art? inferior?
branch of the aorta above the diaphragm
branch of the aorta below the diaphragm
141
What are the blood supplies for abdomen?
subcostal artery
abdominal aorta
inferior vena cava
142
what are the types of abdominal aorta?
3 anterior visceral unpaired
4 lateral visceral paired
posterior parietal paired
143
Is subcostal artery branch off from aorta?
No, because it is below T12 and in abdomen, it is also considered to supply blood to abdomen
144
What are the 3 types anterior visceral unpaired?
celiac trunk
superior mesenteric
inf mesenteric
145
What does celiac trunk supply? sup. mesenteric? inf. mesenteric?
unpaired organ
intestine
colon
146
what are the 4 lateral visceral paired?
inf phrenic
middle suprarenal
renal
reproductive
147
What does inf phrenic supply? Middle suprarenal? renal? reproductive?
diaphragm
adrenal gland
kidneys
ovaries/testes
148
What is the aneurysm? What does it lead to?
weaken wall of artery
blood clots
149
What are the posterior parietal paired?
4 lumbar and 1 median scaral
150
What are the terminal branches of abdominal aorta?
common iliacs (each on one leg)
151
What do lumbar arteries supply?
posterior abdominal wall muscle and spinal cord
152
Where are the common iliac arteries?
between L4/5
153
What are the branches of common iliac arteries?
external and internal iliac arteries
154
What are the internal iliac arteries?
super/infer gluteal and obturator
155
What are the branches of external iliac arteries?
deep circumflex iliac
inferior circumflex iliac
156
What does external iliac supply?
lower extremity (femoral artery)
157
Where are the internal/external iliac located?
S1
158
What does deep circumflex iliac supply? and Where does it branches from?
lower abdominals and it branches from external iliac artery
159
What does inferior epigastric supply?
rectus abdominus
160
Where does inferior vena cava go through? Where is it?
vena cava hiatus
L5
161
What does obturator arteries supply?
obturator internus & externus, hip joint
162
What is the external iliac equivalent to?
axillary arteries in arm
163
What does superior gluteal arteries supply?
gluteus maximus, medius & minimus; tensor fascia latae
164
What does inferior gluteal supply?
gluteus maximus, obturatus internus, quadratus femoris, superior hamstrings
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