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Anatomy Winter 2012 > Thorax II > Flashcards

Thorax II Flashcards

1
Q

How many pleural cavities are there

A

2

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2
Q

Are the independent from each other?

A

yes!

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3
Q

What are the two layers of the pleura?

A
  1. Visceral layer

2. Parietal layer

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4
Q

Describe visceral layer

A

intimately related to surface of lung

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5
Q

Describe parietal layer

A

liners inner chest wall
, upper surface of diaphragm,
and sides of pericardium and mediastinum

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6
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament

A

where 2 layers become continuous at the root of the lung,

This pleural cuff hangs down in a loose fold

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7
Q

What is the pleuarl cavity

A

aka pleural space

Contains pleural fluid

separates parietal and visceral layers

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8
Q

What are the different parietal regions and recesses

A 
Costal pleura
Diaphragmatic pleura
Mediastinal pleura
Costodiaphragmatic recess
costomediastinal recess
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9
Q

Is parietal pleura sensitiv eto pain, temperautre, touch, and pressure?

A

yes

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10
Q

What nerves are in costal pleura

A

Intercostal nerves

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11
Q

What nerves are in Mediastinal pleura

A

Phrenic Nerve

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12
Q

What neves are in the Diaphgragmatic pleura

A

Lower 6 intercostal nerves

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13
Q

What are parietal recesssess

A

region where pleural space is enlarged

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14
Q

What are the parietal recesses?

A

Costomediastinal recess (where heawrt protrudes to elft; ~3.5 inches from 5th rib, intercostal space)

2 Costodiaphragmatic recess

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15
Q

What is Open Pneumothorax. What way does heart shift

A

HOle in pleural cavity.

B/c Patm>Plung, lung defaltes

Cardiac shifts opposite trauma at inhale; and exhale, shifts back to place (emplty pleural cavity at at pressure)

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16
Q

What is tension pneumothorax

A

Trauma causes flap, which becomes a one way valve

Air goes into chamber, deflates lung, heart shift opposite trauma (Patm air pushing heart)

During exhale, atm pressure cannot get out b/c of one way valve flap => heart continues to shift opposite traubma–> BAD

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17
Q

How do you treat Tension Pneumothorax?

A

Release pressure from affected side by puncturing pleura ! Release Pressure. Poke on superior side of rib to avoid puncuring VAN

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18
Q

Where is surface anatomy of Trachea. Describe it’s cartilage

A

C6 (border of cricoid cartilage) - T4

Incompqlete U shaped cartialge deficient posteriorl (replaced by fibrous tissue)

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19
Q

What is the carina? What area is its surface anatomy

A

is tis where the trachea bifurcates!

It is located around T4

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20
Q

Orientation of trachea compared to esophagus and arch of aorta

A

Esophagus is POSTERIOR to trachea

Arch of aorta is to teh LEFT of trachea

Sternum, thymus

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21
Q

If a little kid inhales sosmething, which bronchi is it more likely in?

A

More likely right side because it is wider and shorter and more vertical than left side

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22
Q

What are lobes from right side

A

Supieror, middle and inferior lobes

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23
Q

What are lobes from left lung

A

superior and inferior lobes

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24
Q

Which lung is larger?

A

Right lung

25
What do the bornchial veins drain into? What drains from it
Drains bronchi, CT of lunch, and visceral pleura into azygos and hemiazygos veins
26
What is the nerve supply of the lungs
Pulmonary plexes
27
What is the pulmonary plexus
Afferent and efferent autonomic nerve fibers formed by branches of sympathetic trunk and receives PS fibers from vagus nerve supply to lungs afferent and efferent ANS fibers, formed by branches of symp trunk and receive PS fibers from VAGUS N
28
What are the contents of the Mediastinum
``` Thymus Heart Large BV Trachea Esophagus Thoracic Duct Vagus Phrenic N. Sympatheric Trunks ```
29
What are the divisions of the Mediastinum
Superior | Inferior
30
What are inferior mediastinum divided into
Middle-pericardium and heart Anterior- space between pericardium and sternum Posterior- between pericardium and lower 8 thoracic vertebrae
31
Where does azgous vein ascend through in diaphragm? what side ?
Through aortic opening, on right side of AORTA to level of T5
32
Where does Azygos vein empty into
Into Posterior surface of Superior Vena Cava
33
Where does Hemiazygos vein arise from?
arises on left side by junciton of left subcostal adn ascending lumbar veins Ascends on left side of vertebral column, posterior to thoracic aorta to level of T9, Then crosses to right to join AZYGOS VEIN
34
Azygos vs Hemiazygos
Azygos- Right Az ..that's right Hemiazygos & Accessory hemiazygos vein- Left
35
What is more superior; hemiazygoes or accessory hemiazygos
Accessory hemiazygos is mor`e superior
36
How long is esophagus and where does the surface anatomy extend from
10 inches long | Extending from lower border of cricoid cartilage to cardiac orfice of stomach
37
What does Esophagus structure consist of
Outer CT sheath Muscular layer of exernal longitudinal circular fiber (striated in upper 2/3 and smooth in lower 1/3) Submucosal layer containing mucous glands Mucosal layer of stratified epithelium
38
What is the arterial supply of esophagus
Inferior thyroid artery Branches of the descending thoracic aorta and left gastric artery
39
What is venous drainage from esophagous
Inferior thyroid and left gastric veins
40
What is the superior, middle and inferior esophageal constirctions
Superior- pharynx Middle- aortic arch, Left bronchus Inferior- through diaphragm
41
What is the thoracic duct
Main lymphatic duct Conveys to the blood all lymph from lower limbs, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, left thorax, left arm and left side of head and neck
42
Where does thoracic duct begin? Through Aortic Opening in the diaphragm
in abdomen as dialted sace cisterna chyli Ascends through aortic opening in diaphragm
43
Wha does Thoracic duct drain
Drains lymph from entire Left side and Lower right side
44
Where does Thoracic drain drain into?
empties into Left Brachiocephalic vein
45
Where does azygous vein drain?
Azygos vein empties into superior vena cava
46
What nerves go to thorax?
Right vagus nerve | Left Vagus nerve
47
What do the branches of the vagi supply?
Lungs and esophagus
48
What does right vagus give branchs off
Right vagus gives off cardiac bracnhes
49
Left vagus gives off...
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
50
course of left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Hooks aroudn ligamentum arteriosum and ascends between the trachea and esophagus on the left side to supply most muscles of the left vocal cord
51
What nerve(s) supply left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve whcih is a branch of the left vagus nerve
52
Where does phrenic nerve arise? what does it innervate
Arise from ventral rami of cervical nerves 3, 4, 5 possess both efferent and afferent fibers an are sole nerve suply to diaphragm
53
Does phrenic nerve pas anterior or posterior to root of lung
travels anterior to root of lung
54
How does thoracis sypathetic trunk course
continuous wiht cervical (superiorly) and lumbar (inferiorly) parts of symp trunk
55
What is the most laterlaly placed structure in teh medastinum
Thoracic symp trunk
56
How ay ganglia does thoracic symp trunk have
12 (soemtimes 11 sementally arranged gnaglica,
57
Wher are postganglionic fibers T1-5 distributed from thoracic symp trunk?
to heart, aorta, lungs, and esophagus
58
What does preganglionic fibers from T5-T12 form?
splanchnic nerves pierce crura of diaphrgam and supply the abdoinal viscera
59
what is greater splanchnic lesser splanchinc leas splanchnic
Greaer- T5-9 Lesser T10 -T11 Least T12

Anatomy Winter 2012 (12 decks)

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