Tissue Architecture

Question 1

What are the three types of cytoskeletal filaments are there?

Answer 1

Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Microfilaments

Question 2

Filament with great tensile strength due to rope-like properties

Answer 2

Intermediate Filaments

Question 3

Filament significant in chromosomal segregation

Answer 3

Microtubules

Question 4

filament that forms the nuclear lamina

Answer 4

Intermediate filaments

Question 5

Actin filament (F-action)
Twisted polymer of G-actin

Answer 5

Microfilaments

Question 6

Filament that creates “tracks” to transport vesicles organelles & other cell components

Answer 6

Microtubules

Question 7

Unstable filaments that are stable when associated with other proteins

Answer 7

microfilaments

Question 8

Filament essential for cell movements

Answer 8

Microfilaments

Question 9

Form a mesh network throughout cytoplasm

Often anchored to plasma membrane at cell-cell junctions

Answer 9

Intermediate filaments

Question 10

Mutation in nuclear lamina causes

Answer 10

Cellular aging

Question 11

Rapid assembly & disassembly
Form mitotic spindle
Part of cilia & flagella

Answer 11

Microtubules

Question 12

Made of an alpha & beta heterodimer

Answer 12

Microtubules

Question 13

Purpose of gamma-tubulin

Answer 13

Forms nucleus/centrosome that attach to the negative end

Positive end protrudes out and microtubules grow there

Question 14

4 characteristics of cytoskeletal filaments

Answer 14

Strong, stability, dynamic & adaptable

Question 15

Drug that binds & stabilizes microtubules

Does not all for microtubule growth & prevent functionality

Answer 15

Taxol

Question 16

Drug that binds tubulin dimerrs & prevents their polymerization

Answer 16

Colchicine, colcemid

Vinblastine, vincristine

Question 17

Caused by a mutation in collagen or collagen synthesis enzymes

Answer 17

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Question 18

Disease that results in loss of co-factor in hydroxylation of collagen monomers to make polymers

Answer 18

Scurvy

Question 19

Functions of extracellular matrix

Answer 19

Interacts with cells via transmembrane proteins
Anchor/cluster cells into tissues with distinct functions
Determine biochemical properties
Control cell polarity, survival, proliferation
Facilitate cell migration

Question 20

Function of proteoglycans in the ECM

Answer 20

Provides hydration and swelling pressure to the tissue enabling it to withstand compression forces

Question 21

Function of collagen in extracellular matrix

Answer 21

Direct flow of growth factors, facilitate cell migration & regulate inflammation

Question 22

Function of multiadhesive matrix proteins in ECM

Answer 22

Attach cells to ECM

Binding a variety of protein and signaling molecules like growth factors & hormones

Question 23

Collagen associates in ECM as

Answer 23

Fibers, sheets, or transmembrane structures

Question 24

Junctions
Cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion
Important in keeps cells together & structural cohesion

Answer 24

Anchoring junctions

Question 25

also known as tight junctions | Prevent leakage of transported solutes and water

Answer 25

Occulding junction

Question 26

Focal contacts link cells to

Answer 26

ECM or basil lamina

Question 27

Form channels to allow things to come in and out

Answer 27

Channel-forming junctions

Question 28

Sending signal from cell to cell or cell to matrix

Answer 28

Signal-relaying junctions

Question 29

CAMs: 3 major domains

Answer 29

Extracellular Transmembrane Cytoplasmic

Question 30

CAM domain that binds to adjacent cell/matrix proteins

Answer 30

Extracellular

Question 31

CAM domain that links CAM to membrane

Answer 31

Transmembrane

Question 32

CAM domain that binds to cytoskeleton via linker proteins

Answer 32

Cytoplasmic

Question 33

4 major families of CAM

Answer 33

Cadherins Ig-superfamily CAMs Integrins Selectins

Question 34

Name the classic type I cadherins

Answer 34

E-cadherin & N-cadherin

Question 35

Type II classic cadherins

Answer 35

VE-cadherin

Question 36

Atypical cadherins

Answer 36

LI-cadherin (liver-intestine)

Question 37

Cadherins with well-established Ca2+ dependent homophilic adhesion function Linked to actin cytoskeleton

Answer 37

Classic cadherins

Question 38

Cadherins that function as homophilic adhesion proteins without link to actin cytoskeleton

Answer 38

Atypical cadherins

Question 39

CAMs that are calcium—independennt Immune cell interactions Homophilic & heterophilic binding Involved in recognition, binding or adhesion of cells

Answer 39

Ig Superfamily CAMs

Question 40

Family of Ca2+ dependent glycoproteins Bind to extracellular carbohydrates Low affinity interaction -> allows for “rolling”

Answer 40

Selectins

Question 41

L-selectin

Answer 41

Leukocyte

Question 42

P selectin

Answer 42

Platelet

Question 43

E-selectin

Answer 43

Endothelial

Question 44

CAM that couple the ECM to cell cytoskeleton Cell-cell interactions via B2 family -> allow diapedesis Can activate signal pathways

Answer 44

Integrins