Tissue (Ch4 APP) Flashcards
Mention the 4 major types of body tissue
1) Epithelial tissue
2) Connective tissue
3) Muscle tissue
4) Nervous tissue
What are the two types of Epithelial Tissue?
There are 2 types;
- Epithelial sheets that act as coverings for body structures
- Glands that produce secretion
How many layers does Simple Epithelial have? And what does it facilitate?
Has 1 cell layer which facilitates absorption & filtration.
Simple epithelial types
- Simple squamous epithelium
Found in renal (kidney) glomeruli - Simple cuboidal epithelium
Found in renal collecting tubules - Simple columnar epithelium
Found in the small intestine - Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Found in the trachea
How many layers do Stratified epithelium have? And what does it allow?
Has multiple cell layers, which allow it to protect underlying tissues from abrasion.
Stratified epithelium types
- Stratified squamous
Epidermis - Stratified cuboidal
Lining of salivary gland ducts - Stratified columnar
Male urethra - Transitional
Bladder
Where does the epithelium rest?
On the basement membrane, which separates it from the underlying connective tissue.
Mention the 2 types of glands
Endocrine & Exocrine
What does the endocrine gland (adrenal glands) produce?
Produce hormones and secretes them directly into the bloodstream.
What does the exocrine gland produce?
Produce sweat, oil, saliva, earwax, digestive enzymes and other substances and secrete them into ducts and onto the skin or lumen of a hollow organ.
What is connective tissue composed of?
Composed of cells in an extracellular matrix.
- Ground substances
- Elastic/ Fibers
- Collagen
Connective tissue proper: loose
Loosely arranged fibers & abundant ground substance.
To cushion & protect body organs.
- Areoler (loosely arranged)
- Adipose (closely packed)
- Reticular (matrix)
Connective tissue proper: Dense
Tightly arranged fibers, flexible and resistant to tension.
Two types:
- Dense regular
- Dense irregular
What system do bones and cartilage form?
The skeletal system
Is bone or cartilage harder and why?
Bone is harder and more rigid because it has more collagen fibers as well as calcium salts.
What are mature bone cells called?
Osteocytes
What are mature cartilage cells called?
Chondrocytes
Where are osteocytes and chondrocytes located?
Within spaces called lacunae
What are bones and cartilage? Vascular or Avascular
Bones - vascular
Cartilage - avascular
What does vascular mean?
Contains blood vessels for the transport or fluids
What does avascular mean?
Lacks blood vessels and does not facilitate fluid transport
What is another name for bone tissue?
Osseous tissue
What do compact bone tissue consist of?
Structural units called osteons or haversian systems arranged in a way to allow them to resist torque
What does spongey bone tissue consist of?
Lattice-like network of flat bone tissue pieces called trabeculae with space between them that are filled with red bone marrow
