Topic 1: Anatomy & Physiology, Cell Biology & Homeostasis Flashcards
Master topic 1 terms and definitions. Cards are doubled for forward and backward q/a (reversed versions included) (234 cards)
1
Q
The study of the functions of body parts.
A
Physiology
2
Q
Osmosis
A
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
3
Q
A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
A
Coronal or Frontal Plane
These are interchangeable, both are mentioned.
4
Q
Protraction
A
move anteriorly on a horizontal plane
5
Q
A structure that synthesizes proteins in the cell.
A
Ribosome
6
Q
anatomical name for Back of knee
A
Popliteus, Popliteal
Way to remember: Sometimes my knee pops = “POP”liteal
Can’t think of a better one!
7
Q
Serous Membrane
A
Two layered membrane with fluid between layers
A membrane that reduces friction between organs and body cavities.
8
Q
Depression
A
lower or drop a body part vertically
9
Q
Sura, Sural
A
Calf
10
Q
Tarsus, Tarsal
A
Ankle
11
Q
Transverse Plane
A
A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections.
12
Q
anatomical name for Chin
A
Mentis, Mental
13
Q
anatomical name for Breast
A
Mamma, Mammary
14
Q
Inferior
A
Below or toward the feet.
15
Q
quadrant containing stomach, spleen
A
Left upper quadrant
16
Q
anatomical word for palms facing downward/backwards
A
Pronation
17
Q
anatomical name for Nose
A
Nasus, Nasal
18
Q
Frontal Plane
A
A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
19
Q
anatomical name for Wrist
A
Carpus, Carpal
20
Q
joint extension past the normal point
A
Hyperextension
21
Q
A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
A
Tissue
22
Q
Viscera
A
The internal organs within body cavities.
23
Q
Epigastric region
A
liver and stomach
24
Q
Negative Feedback
A
A process that counteracts a change to maintain stability (e.g., body temperature regulation).
25
anatomical word for rolling ankle inward, foot outward, sole of foot points laterally
Eversion
26
anatomical name for Front of elbow
Antecubital
27
Superior
above
28
anatomical word for 'toward the back, or back'
Posterior, Dorsal
29
Feedback Mechanism
A process that regulates homeostasis through positive or negative feedback.
30
motion that brings body part towards midline on coronal plane
Adduction
31
Golgi Apparatus
An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
32
Parietal layer
lines inner surface of body cavity
33
turn outward
| or rotate outward
External/lateral rotation
34
Digits, Phalanges
Fingers or Toes
35
Carpus, Carpal
Wrist
36
Positive Feedback
A process that enhances or amplifies a change (e.g., childbirth, blood clotting).
37
Cranial, Cephalic
head
38
anatomical name for Foot
Pes, Pedal
39
Hypogastric region
appendix and bladder (urinary)
40
Pronation
palms facing downward/backwards
41
Plantar flexion
ankle extension
## Footnote
Opposite of dorsiflexion
42
Internal/medial rotation
turn inwards
43
anatomical direction for 'Above or toward the head.'
Superior
44
anatomical word for moving posteriorly on a horizontal plane
Retraction
45
Plasma Membrane
A selectively permeable membrane that encloses the cell and regulates transport.
46
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment to the body.
47
The fluid inside a cell that contains organelles and cellular components.
Cytoplasm
48
All chemical reactions occurring in the body to sustain life.
Metabolism
49
anatomical name for Thumb
Pollex
50
Umbilicus, Umbilical
Navel
51
A standard position of the body with arms at sides and palms facing forward.
Anatomical Position
52
define Organ.
A structure composed of multiple tissue types that performs a specific function.
53
What does the Thoracic Cavity contain?
The body cavity containing the heart and lungs.
54
anatomical word for palms facing forward/upwards (like holding a bowl of soup)
Supination
55
The ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water.
Tonicity
56
lines visceral organs
Visceral layer
57
anatomical name for Knee cap
Patella, Patellar
58
motion that takes a body part away from midline on coronal plane
Abduction
59
Hypotonic
A solution with a lower solute concentration outside the cell, causing swelling.
60
anatomical name for Ankle
Tarsus, Tarsal
61
A process that enhances or amplifies a change (e.g., childbirth, blood clotting).
Positive Feedback
62
Right upper quadrant
liver, gallbladder, large intestine, and small intestine
## Footnote
Note to self: small intestines are mostly in the LLQ but can be found in all 4 quadrants.
63
Nasus, Nasal
Nose
64
Eversion
roll ankle inward, foot outward, sole of foot points laterally
65
anatomical name for Arm
Brachium, Brachial
66
anatomical name for Neck
Cervicis, Cervical
67
Cytoskeleton
A network of protein filaments that provide structure and support to the cell.
68
The control center of the cell that contains DNA.
Nucleus
69
anatomical word for 'closer to body surface'
Superficial
70
anatomical word for ankle extension
Plantar flexion
71
move anteriorly on a horizontal plane
Protraction
72
Oris, Oral
Mouth
73
Flexion
decreases joint angle
74
A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections.
Transverse Plane
75
Axilla, Axillary
Armpit
76
anatomical name for Back of elbow
Olecranon, Olecranal
## Footnote
[Pronunciation](https://youtu.be/kx-LIg350lg)
77
Adduction
brings body part towards midline on coronal plane
78
anatomical direction for 'toward base or attachment point'
Proximal
79
Lumbus, Lumbar
Lower back region, between pelvis and ribs.
| Literally means "Loin"
80
Supination
palms facing forward/upwards (like holding a bowl of soup)
81
The body cavity containing the heart and lungs.
Thoracic Cavity
82
Thoracic cavity containing trachea, esophagus, major vessels, pericardinum
Mediastinum
## Footnote
[Pronunciation](https://www.google.com/search?q=pronounce+mediastinum)
83
a specialized thumb movement, touch thumb to 5th finger
Opposition
84
Anatomical direction for 'Closer to the point of attachment to the body.'
Proximal
85
External/lateral rotation
turn outward
86
Elevation
raise or lift a body part vertically
87
Retraction
move posteriorly on a horizontal plane
88
A solution with equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell.
Isotonic
89
A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right sections.
Sagittal Plane
90
Bucca, Buccal
Cheek
91
define Organ System
A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
92
Dorsiflexion
upward ankle flexion
| opposite of plantar flexion
93
A solution with a higher solute concentration outside the cell, causing shrinkage.
Hypertonic
94
define Cell
The basic structural and functional unit of life.
95
A selectively permeable membrane that encloses the cell and regulates transport.
Plasma Membrane
96
Antebrachium, Antebrachial
Forearm
97
Deep
further from body surface
98
Hallux
Great toe
99
roll ankle outward, foot inward, sole of foot points medially
Inversion
100
Pericardium
fluid-filled sac that surrounds and protects your heart. It also lubricates your heart and holds it in place in your chest.
## Footnote
Is within the mediastinum.
101
The maintenance of a stable internal environment.
Homeostasis
102
Mitochondria
The powerhouse of the cell that generates ATP energy.
103
quadrant that contains urinary/bladder
Left lower quadrant
104
decreasing joint angle
Flexion
105
anatomical word for 'Below or toward the feet.'
Inferior
106
Hypertonic
A solution with a higher solute concentration outside the cell, causing shrinkage.
107
Tonicity
The ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water.
108
Sagittal Plane
A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right sections.
109
The body cavity containing digestive, reproductive, and urinary organs.
Abdominopelvic Cavity
110
Medial
Toward the midline of the body.
111
anatomical name for Sole of foot
Planta, Plantar
112
Gluteus, Gluteal
Butt
113
The fluid found inside of cells.
Intracellular Fluid
114
anatomical direction for 'Toward the front of the body.'
Anterior
115
Inversion
roll ankle outward, foot inward, sole of foot points medially
| Rotation INward (INversion)
116
anatomical name for Calf
Sura, Sural
117
anatomical name for Navel
Umbilicus, Umbilical
118
left and right pleural cavities
cavities that contains the lungs
119
anatomical direction for 'Toward the midline of the body.'
| sagittal midline
Medial
120
Anterior, Ventral
front
121
anatomical direction for 'Away from the midline of the body.'
Lateral
122
fluid-filled sac that surrounds and protects your heart. It also lubricates your heart and holds it in place in your chest.
## Footnote
Is within the mediastinum.
Pericardium
123
raise or lift a body part vertically
Elevation
124
A structure composed of multiple tissue types that performs a specific function.
Organ.
125
Palma, Palmar
Palm
126
anatomical word for 'Farther from the point of attachment to the body.'
Distal
127
Superior
Above or toward the head.
128
lines inner surface of body cavity
Parietal layer
129
A solution with a lower solute concentration outside the cell, causing swelling.
Hypotonic
130
Medial
towards midline
131
Opposition
specialized thumb movement, touch thumb to 5th finger
132
Proximal
toward base
133
Left lower quadrant (LLQ) contains...
urinary bladder
134
anatomical name for Mouth
Oris, Oral
135
Ribosome
A structure that synthesizes proteins in the cell.
136
anatomical direction for 'Toward the back of the body.'
Posterior
137
The fluid found outside of cells, including blood plasma and interstitial fluid.
Extracellular Fluid
138
Homeostasis
The maintenance of a stable internal environment.
139
A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
Organ System
140
define Metabolism
All chemical reactions occurring in the body to sustain life.
141
Brachium, Brachial
Arm
142
anatomical name for Palm
Palma, Palmar
143
Midsagittal
right and left equally
144
quadrant containing the appendix
Right lower quadrant
145
anatomical name for Forearm
Antebrachium, Antebrachial
146
A process that counteracts a change to maintain stability (e.g., body temperature regulation).
Negative Feedback
147
quadrant that contains liver, gallbladder, large intestine, and small intestine
## Footnote
Note to self: small intestines are mostly in the LLQ but can be found in all 4 quadrants, this isn't quite right
Right upper quadrant
148
Pollex
Thumb
149
Anatomical Position
A standard position of the body with arms at sides and palms facing forward.
150
The internal organs within body cavities.
| an extremely broad name for any "internal organs"
Viscera
151
anatomical name for Chest
Thoracic, Thorax
152
Thigh
Femur, Femoral
153
Hyperextension
extension past the normal point
154
define Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
155
Anatomy
The study of the structure of body parts.
156
Mamma, Mammary
Breast
157
region that contains the liver and stomach
Epigastric region
158
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
159
anatomical direction for 'towards midline'
| sagittal midline
Medial
160
Antecubital
Front of elbow
161
anatomical name for Forehead
Frons, Frontal
162
An organelle containing enzymes that digest waste and cellular debris.
Lysosome
## Footnote
Lysosomes 'lyse,' or break down debris. Lyse = Lysosome
163
Patella, Patellar
Knee cap
164
lower or drop a body part vertically
Depression
165
Umbilical region
gallbladder, large and small intestines
166
anatomical name for Ear
Auris, Otic
167
Visceral layer
lines visceral organs
168
Anterior
Toward the front of the body.
169
Olecranon, Olecranal
Back of elbow
170
The powerhouse of the cell that generates ATP energy.
Mitochondria
171
Frons, Frontal
Forehead
172
anatomical word for 'further from body surface'
Deep
173
Cytoplasm
The fluid inside a cell that contains organelles and cellular components.
174
anatomical name for Lower Leg
Crus, Crural
## Footnote
[Pronunciation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5Nioaf_tmM)
175
increasing joint angle
Extension
176
Mediastinum
Thoracic cavity containing trachea, esophagus, major vessels, pericardinum
177
Right lower quadrant
appendix
## Footnote
There's more in that area, but this is all it says on the Topic 1 Terms list for RLQ
178
anatomical name for Cheek
Bucca, Buccal
| Pronunciation: "Buckle," like belt buckle.
179
A process that regulates homeostasis through positive or negative feedback.
Feedback Mechanism
180
The study of the structure of body parts.
Anatomy
181
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
182
cavities that contains the lungs
left and right pleural cavities
183
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Osmosis
184
Popliteus, Popliteal
Back of knee
185
Femur, Femoral
Thigh
186
A network of protein filaments that provide structure and support to the cell.
Cytoskeleton
187
Superficial
closer to body surface
188
An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
Golgi Apparatus
189
Crus, Crural
Lower Leg
190
Pes, Pedal
Foot
191
Groin
Inguen, Inguinal
## Footnote
[Pronunciation](https://youtu.be/FrzLq_lc2M4)
192
upward ankle flexion
| opposite of plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion
193
anatomical word for turning inwards
| can also be a rotation inwards
Internal/medial rotation
194
anatomical name for Lower back region, between pelvis and ribs.
| Literally means "Loin"
Lumbus, Lumbar
195
Posterior, Dorsal
back
196
what is contained in the Abdominopelvic Cavity
The body cavity containing digestive, reproductive, and urinary organs.
197
Distal
Farther from the point of attachment to the body.
198
Two layered membrane with fluid between layers
A membrane that reduces friction between organs and body cavities.
Serous Membrane
199
Planta, Plantar
Sole of foot
200
Abduction
takes body part away from midline on coronal plane
201
anatomical word for right and left equally
Midsagittal
202
anatomical name for Armpit
Axilla, Axillary
203
general region of gallbladder, large and small intestines
Umbilical region
204
The basic structural and functional unit of life.
Cell
205
anatomical name for Great toe
Hallux
206
Mentis, Mental
Chin
207
Auris, Otic
Ear
208
Left upper quadrant
stomach, spleen
209
Posterior
Toward the back of the body.
210
Nucleus
The control center of the cell that contains DNA.
211
Acromion, Acromial
Top of shoulder
212
Lysosome
An organelle containing enzymes that digest waste and cellular debris.
213
Oculus, Occular, Orbital
Eye
214
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body.
215
Define Isotonic
A solution with equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell.
216
Intracellular Fluid
The fluid found inside of cells.
217
anatomical name for Top of shoulder
Acromion, Acromial
218
anatomical name for Eye
Oculus, Occular, Orbital
219
anatomical name for Heel
Calcaneus, Calcaneal
220
above
Superior
221
Extension
increases joint angle
222
Thoracic, Thorax
Chest
223
anatomical name for head
Cranial, Cephalic
224
Calcaneus, Calcaneal
Heel
225
Inguen, Inguinal
Groin
226
anatomical name for Fingers or Toes
Digits, Phalanges
227
Cervicis, Cervical
Neck
228
Physiology
The study of the functions of body parts.
229
anatomical word for 'Front, or towards front'
Anterior, Ventral
230
A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
231
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Diffusion
232
region that contains appendix and bladder (urinary)
Hypogastric region
233
anatomical name for Butt
Gluteus, Gluteal
234
Extracellular Fluid
The fluid found outside of cells, including blood plasma and interstitial fluid.
