Topic 3: Skeleton and Articulations Flashcards

Question

# Sphenoid Bone Markings What is the sella turcica?

Answer 1

A saddle-shaped depression that houses the pituitary gland. ## Footnote Dark Blue

Answer 2

Form the cheekbones and contribute to the zygomatic arch. ## Footnote Light Blue

Answer 3

Connects with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch. ## Footnote Peach and Light Blue connection on the Light Blue Side

Answer 4

Form the bridge of the nose. ## Footnote Purple

Answer 5

House the lacrimal sac, which allows tears to drain into the nasal cavity. ## Footnote Red

Answer 6

Forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum. ## Footnote Yellow (in nose)

Answer 7

Forms the upper jaw, part of the hard palate, and houses the upper teeth. ## Footnote Unhighlighted, 2 upper maxilla bones

Answer 8

Create turbulence in airflow for humidification and filtration. ## Footnote Light Pink, in nasal cavity

Answer 9

Form the posterior portion of the hard palate and contribute to the nasal cavity. ## Footnote Superior structure of the oral cavity

Answer 10

The lower jawbone, responsible for chewing and articulation. ## Footnote Yellow

Answer 11

The vertical portion of the mandible.

Answer 12

A sharp projection for attachment of the temporalis muscle (which helps with chewing).

Answer 13

The junction between the ramus and the body.

Answer 14

A rounded projection that articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone, forming the TMJ.

Answer 15

An opening in the mandible that allows passage for nerves and blood vessels.

Answer 16

The nasal complex consists of bones that form the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, aiding in respiration and filtration.

Answer 17

The ethmoid, vomer, nasal, maxillae, palatine, inferior nasal conchae, frontal, and sphenoid bones.

Answer 18

The frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary bones contain air-filled paranasal sinuses.

Answer 19

Increase airflow turbulence, humidify air, filter particles, and direct airflow toward olfactory receptors. ## Footnote Green and Pink

Answer 20

Lighten the skull, enhance voice resonance, and produce mucus for humidifying air.

Answer 21

Infants have soft fontanels instead of fully fused sutures, allowing skull flexibility during birth and brain growth.

Answer 22

The largest fontanel located at the intersection of the frontal and parietal bones; closes around 18-24 months.

Answer 23

A smaller fontanel located between the occipital and parietal bones; closes by 2 months.

Answer 24

Located at the junction of the sphenoid, temporal, and frontal bones; closes by 6 months.

Answer 25

Located between the temporal, occipital, and parietal bones; closes by 1 year.

Answer 26

The ear canal opening in the temporal bone, allowing sound waves to reach the eardrum.

Answer 27

A small hole in the lacrimal bone that allows tears to drain into the nasal cavity. ## Footnote Small gap between Temporal Bone (purple) and Sphenoid bone (dark blue)

Answer 28

A large opening in the occipital bone where the spinal cord passes to connect with the brainstem. ## Footnote Large hole in the center

Answer 29

An opening in the sphenoid bone that allows passage of the optic nerve (cranial nerve II). ## Footnote Blue, labelled as "Optic Canal"

Answer 30

Small perforations in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, allowing olfactory nerves to pass for the sense of smell.

Answer 31

Consists of 7 vertebrae (C1-C7), including the atlas (C1) and axis (C2), which support and allow head movement. ## Footnote Top purple region

Answer 32

Consists of 12 vertebrae (T1-T12) that articulate with ribs and provide support for the upper body. ## Footnote Blue region

Answer 33

Consists of 5 vertebrae (L1-L5), which are the largest and support most of the body’s weight. ## Footnote Green region

Answer 34

Consists of 5 fused vertebrae forming the sacrum, which connects the spine to the pelvic girdle. ## Footnote Yellow region

Answer 35

Consists of 3-5 fused vertebrae forming the coccyx (tailbone), which provides minor support for sitting. ## Footnote Red/pink region

Answer 36

The large, weight-bearing portion of a vertebra that supports the body's weight.

Answer 37

The bony structure forming the posterior part of the vertebra, enclosing the spinal cord. ## Footnote Not labelled in image. Space between body and lamina.

Answer 38

Short, thick bony projections connecting the vertebral body to the vertebral arch.

Answer 39

Thin bony plates extending from the pedicles that form the back of the vertebral arch.

Answer 40

A posterior projection from the vertebra that serves as an attachment site for muscles and ligaments.

Answer 41

Bony projections forming joints between vertebrae, including superior and inferior processes.

Answer 42

Smooth surfaces on articular processes where vertebrae articulate with one another.

Answer 43

A lateral bony projection that serves as a muscle and ligament attachment site.

Answer 44

The central opening in a vertebra through which the spinal cord passes. ## Footnote Unlabelled. Space between Lamina and Body.

Answer 45

An opening between vertebrae that allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord.

Answer 46

A fibrocartilage structure between vertebrae that absorbs shock and allows movement.

Answer 47

A small opening in cervical vertebrae that allows passage of blood vessels and nerves.

Answer 48

The first cervical vertebra that supports the skull and allows nodding motion (yes movement).

Answer 49

The second cervical vertebra that has the odontoid process (dens) allowing head rotation (no movement).

Answer 50

A peg-like projection on the axis (C2) that articulates with the atlas (C1) for rotation.

Answer 51

The thoracic and sacral curves, which are present from birth and provide structural support. ## Footnote Blue and Yellow regions

Answer 52

A secondary curvature that develops when an infant begins to lift its head. | Cervical Lordosis ## Footnote Pink region

Answer 53

A secondary curvature that develops when a child begins walking, providing balance and weight support. | Lumbar Lordosis ## Footnote Green region

Answer 54

The cervical and lumbar curves, which develop after birth to support upright posture. ## Footnote Pink and Green regions

Answer 55

A primary curvature that forms the mid-back, accommodating the thoracic organs. | Thoracic Kyphosis ## Footnote Blue region

Answer 56

A primary curvature that helps distribute body weight to the lower limbs. | Sacral Kyphosis ## Footnote Yellow region

Answer 57

Convex, posterior curve seen in Sacral and Thoracic spine.

Answer 58

Concave, anterior curve seen in Cervical and Lumbar spine. Normal curvature formed after birth; secondary curvature.

Answer 59

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

Answer 60

Excessive anterior curvature of the spine, typically in the Lumbar Lordosis.

Answer 61

Excessive posterior curvature of the spine, typically seen in the Thoracic Kyphosis.

Answer 62

A U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue and is essential for swallowing and speech.

Answer 63

The flat bone in the center of the chest that connects to the ribs and protects the heart and lungs.

Answer 64

1. Manubrium 2. Body 3. Xiphoid process

Answer 65

The upper portion of the sternum that articulates with the clavicles and first ribs.

Answer 66

The central portion of the sternum where most ribs attach. Long dagger shape.

Answer 67

The small, cartilaginous lower portion of the sternum that serves as a muscle attachment site.

Answer 68

Flexible cartilage connecting the ribs to the sternum, allowing expansion during breathing.

Answer 69

The first seven pairs of ribs that connect directly to the sternum via costal cartilage. | Also called "True ribs"

Answer 70

Ribs 8-10, which connect indirectly to the sternum via cartilage. | Ribs 8-12 are also called "False ribs"

Answer 71

Ribs 11-12, which do not connect to the sternum. | Also called "Floating ribs"

Answer 72

Ribs 1-7 (vertebrosternal ribs) connect directly via costal cartilage.

Answer 73

Ribs 8-10 (vertebrochondral ribs) attach to cartilage that connects to the sternum. | Only 8-10 *articulate* (or terminate) with costal cartilages.

Answer 74

Ribs 11-12 (floating ribs) do not connect to the sternum.

Answer 75

Protects vital organs, provides support, and allows movement for breathing.

Answer 76

The **clavicle** and **scapula**, which connect the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.

Answer 77

Provides attachment for upper limb muscles and allows for a wide range of motion.

Answer 78

A long, S-shaped bone that connects the sternum to the scapula, stabilizing the shoulder. ## Footnote Image shows the right clavical

Answer 79

The lateral end of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion of the scapula.

Answer 80

The medial end of the clavicle that articulates with the sternum at the manubrium.

Answer 81

The topmost point of the scapula where the medial and superior borders meet.

Answer 82

The angle at the glenoid cavity, where the scapula articulates with the humerus.

Answer 83

The lowest part of the scapula where the medial and lateral borders converge.

Answer 84

The uppermost edge of the scapula, providing attachment for muscles.

Answer 85

The outer edge of the scapula that extends toward the armpit.

Answer 86

The inner edge of the scapula that runs parallel to the spine.

Answer 87

A large concave depression on the anterior surface of the scapula, serving as an attachment site for the subscapularis muscle.

Answer 88

A hook-like projection from the scapula that serves as an attachment site for muscles and ligaments.

Answer 89

A bony projection on the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder and articulates with the clavicle.

Answer 90

A prominent ridge running across the posterior surface, dividing the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae.

Answer 91

A shallow depression above the spine of the scapula, housing the supraspinatus muscle.

Answer 92

A large depression below the spine of the scapula, serving as the attachment site for the infraspinatus muscle.

Answer 93

A shallow socket on the lateral scapula where the humerus articulates, forming the shoulder joint.

Answer 94

The upper arm bone, articulating with the scapula at the shoulder and the radius and ulna at the elbow.

Answer 95

A rounded projection at the proximal end that fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

Answer 96

A large, lateral projection for muscle attachment.

Answer 97

A smaller, anterior projection for muscle attachment.

Answer 98

A narrow groove between the greater and lesser tubercles where the tendon of the biceps brachii passes. ## Footnote Labelled as intertubercular sulcus in image

Answer 99

A constriction below the tubercles that is a common site of fractures.

Answer 100

A slight groove separating the head from the tubercles, marking the site of the epiphyseal plate.

Answer 101

A roughened area on the humerus shaft where the deltoid muscle attaches.

Answer 102

A bony prominence on the lateral side of the distal humerus, serving as a muscle attachment site.

Answer 103

A bony prominence on the medial side of the distal humerus, serving as a muscle attachment site.

Answer 104

A rounded, smooth, lateral condyle that articulates with the head of the radius.

Answer 105

A spool-shaped, smooth, medial condyle that articulates with the ulna.

Answer 106

A deep depression on the posterior humerus that accommodates the olecranon of the ulna when the arm is extended.

Answer 107

A small depression on the anterior humerus that accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna when the arm is flexed.

Answer 108

A shallow depression on the anterior humerus that receives the head of the radius during flexion.

Answer 109

The medial bone of the forearm, articulating with the humerus at the elbow and the radius at the wrist.

Answer 110

A triangular projection on the anterior ulna that fits into the coronoid fossa of the humerus during elbow flexion.

Answer 111

A large, curved bony projection on the posterior ulna, forming the elbow joint.

Answer 112

A deep groove in the ulna that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.

Answer 113

A small depression on the ulna where the head of the radius articulates.

Answer 114

A pointed projection at the distal end of the ulna, providing ligament attachment to the wrist.

Answer 115

The lateral bone of the forearm, articulating with the ulna and carpals at the wrist.

Answer 116

A disc-shaped proximal end that articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna.

Answer 117

A narrow region below the head that connects to the shaft.

Answer 118

A roughened area below the neck where the biceps brachii muscle attaches.

Answer 119

A depression at the distal radius that articulates with the head of the ulna.

Answer 120

A pointed projection on the distal radius that stabilizes the wrist joint.

Answer 121

Eight small bones forming the wrist.

Answer 122

scaphoid lunate triquetrium pisiform trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate

Answer 123

Five bones forming the palm, numbered 1-5 from the thumb to the pinky.

Answer 124

Fourteen bones in each hand forming the fingers, divided into proximal, middle, and distal segments.

Answer 125

The os coxa (hip bones), which include: * ilium * ischium * pubis.

Answer 126

Supports the weight of the upper body, protects pelvic organs, and provides attachment for lower limb muscles.

Answer 127

A large, irregular bone composed of the ilium, ischium, and pubis, which fuse together in adulthood. ## Footnote Image: Lateral View

Answer 128

The broad, upper portion of the hip bone that supports abdominal organs and provides muscle attachment.

Answer 129

A bony projection on the ilium that serves as an attachment site for ligaments and muscles.

Answer 130

The superior border of the ilium, which serves as an attachment site for muscles of the abdomen, back, and thighs.

Answer 131

A rough surface on the ilium that articulates with the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint. ## Footnote Image: Right hip medial view

Answer 132

A deep notch in the ilium through which the sciatic nerve passes to the lower limb. ## Footnote Image: right hip lateral view

Answer 133

The lower, posterior part of the hip bone that bears weight when sitting. ## Footnote Image: right hip lateral view highlighted green

Answer 134

A bony projection of the ischium that serves as an attachment site for ligaments and muscles. ## Footnote Image: right hip lateral view highlighted green

Answer 135

A small notch below the ischial spine through which nerves and tendons pass. ## Footnote Image: right hip lateral view highlighted green

Answer 136

A roughened area of the ischium that supports body weight when sitting and serves as a hamstring muscle attachment. ## Footnote Image: right hip lateral view highlighted green

Answer 137

A portion of the ischium that connects to the pubis, forming the lower border of the obturator foramen. ## Footnote Image: right hip lateral view highlighted green, labelled as "Ramus of the ischium"

Answer 138

The anterior portion of the hip bone that forms part of the pelvic girdle. ## Footnote Image: right hip lateral view highlighted pink

Answer 139

Two bony extensions from the pubis that help form the obturator foramen. ## Footnote Image: right hip lateral view highlighted pink

Answer 140

A cartilaginous joint where the two pubic bones meet, allowing slight movement and flexibility.

Answer 141

The angle formed between the pubic bones, which is wider in females to facilitate childbirth.

Answer 142

A deep socket in the hip bone that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.

Answer 143

A large opening in the os coxa that allows passage of nerves and blood vessels to the lower limbs.

Answer 144

The longest and strongest bone in the body, forming the thigh and articulating with the pelvis and tibia.

Answer 145

A rounded structure that articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis.

Answer 146

A small depression in the head of the femur where a ligament attaches to the acetabulum.

Answer 147

A narrowed region below the head that connects to the shaft and is a common fracture site.

Answer 148

A large, lateral projection of the femur that serves as a muscle attachment site.

Answer 149

A smaller, medial projection on the femur for muscle attachment.

Answer 150

A ridge on the posterior femur that serves as an attachment site for thigh muscles.

Answer 151

A smooth, rounded structure on the lateral distal femur that articulates with the tibia.

Answer 152

A rounded structure on the medial distal femur that articulates with the tibia.

Answer 153

A depression between the femoral condyles that accommodates knee ligaments.

Answer 154

A bony prominence above the lateral condyle that serves as a muscle attachment site.

Answer 155

A bony prominence above the medial condyle that serves as a muscle attachment site.

Answer 156

The kneecap, a sesamoid bone that protects the knee joint and improves the leverage of the quadriceps muscle.

Answer 157

The larger and medial bone of the lower leg that bears most of the body's weight.

Answer 158

A rounded projection on the medial proximal tibia that articulates with the femur.

Answer 159

A rounded projection on the lateral proximal tibia that articulates with the femur.

Answer 160

A rough area on the anterior tibia where the patellar ligament attaches.

Answer 161

A sharp ridge along the anterior shaft of the tibia, commonly referred to as the shin bone. ## Footnote Image: labelled as "Anterior border"

Answer 162

A bony prominence on the distal tibia that forms the inner ankle.

Answer 163

The slender, lateral bone of the lower leg that provides muscle attachment but does not bear significant weight.

Answer 164

The proximal end of the fibula that articulates with the tibia.

Answer 165

A bony prominence on the distal fibula that forms the outer ankle.

Answer 166

Seven bones forming the ankle and posterior foot.

Answer 167

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and medial cuneiform.

Answer 168

The dense heel bone, the largest tarsal, which bears most of the body's weight.

Answer 169

A boat-shaped bone that connects the talus to the cuneiform bones.

Answer 170

The ankle bone, which articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint.

Answer 171

Fourteen bones in each foot, forming the toes, divided into proximal, middle, and distal segments.

Answer 172

A cube-shaped bone on the lateral side of the foot, articulating with the fourth and fifth metatarsals.

Answer 173

Lies between the cuboid, the second metatarsal, and the intermediate cuneiform.

Answer 174

Located between the medial and lateral cuneiform bones.

Answer 175

The largest cuneiform, articulates with the first metatarsal (big toe).

Answer 176

Support body weight and act as a lever for walking and running.

Answer 177

The big toe (hallux) only has a proximal and distal phalanx.

Topic 3: Skeleton and Articulations Flashcards

A&P Lab and Lecture do no overlap perfectly from one topic to the next, this is evident in Topic 3. Lab will focus on Skeleton while Lecture include Integument (Covered in Topic 2 also) (201 cards)