Topic 10: Pregnancy, Lactation and Infant Nutrition Flashcards
week 10 (23 cards)
Why does iron absorption increase during pregnancy?
To support:
* increased blood volume
* placental needs, and
* fetal development
What hormone regulates iron availability during pregnancy?
Hepcidin, which decreases in later trimesters to allow greater iron absorption.
When does most fetal iron transfer occur?
During the third trimester.
What is the RDI for iron during pregnancy?
27 mg/day.
Why is folic acid recommended before and during early pregnancy?
To reduce the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida.
How much folic acid is recommended before conception and in the first trimester?
An additional 400 micrograms/day on top of dietary intake.
What is the total folate intake recommendation during the first trimester?
Approximately 1000 micrograms/day.
How much additional energy is required during the first 6 months of lactation?
About 2000 kJ/day.
Why is hydration especially important during lactation?
To support milk production and fluid loss through breastfeeding.
What are key components of breast milk?
- Essential nutrients
- antibodies
- immunoglobulin A
- oligosaccharides.
What is the recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding in Australia?
Until around 6 months of age.
What are some protective properties of breast milk for infants?
Protects against:
* infections
* allergies
* diabetes
* obesity, and
* supports cognitive development.
How does breastfeeding **benefit **the mother?
- Reduces risk of some cancers
- conserves iron
- may promote weight loss, and
- is economical.
At what age can cow’s milk be introduced as a main drink?
At 12 months of age.
Why should cow’s milk not be given before 12 months?
- It may cause intestinal bleeding
- displaces iron-rich foods, and
- stresses immature kidneys.
What type of milk should be given in the *second year *of life?
Pasteurised full cream milk; not low-fat or skim.
How much cow’s milk is appropriate for toddlers?
No more than 500–600 mL/day.
When should solid foods be introduced?
Around 6 months, when developmentally ready.
What is the key nutrient to include when starting solids?
Iron-rich foods.
What foods should be avoided when introducing solids?
- Sugar
- salt
- whole nuts
- hard foods, and
- cow’s milk as a drink.
What texture progression is recommended for solids?
From pureed to lumpy to normal textures between 6–12 months.
Why is iodine important in pregnancy?
It supports
* thyroid function
* fetal growth, and
* brain development.
What are risks of iodine deficiency during pregnancy?
- Miscarriage
- hypothyroidism
- lower intelligence in children, and
- cretinism.
