Topic 8: Major and Trace Minerals Flashcards
Week 8 (16 cards)
Why is iron important in the human body?
It is a component of haemoglobin and myoglobin, vital for oxygen transport and storage.
Where is most of the body’s iron found?
In haemoglobin in red blood cells.
How does iron function in metabolism?
It acts as a co-factor in redox reactions and as part of electron transport chain carriers.
What are the two main forms of dietary iron?
Haem iron and non-haem iron.
Which type of iron is better absorbed?
Haem iron.
What factors enhance iron absorption?
- MFP factor
- vitamin C
- gastric acidity, and
- free sugars.
What factors inhibit iron absorption?
- Phytates
- tannic acid, and
- calcium.
How does stage of life affect iron absorption?
Increased needs during pregnancy, infancy, adolescence, and menstruation influence absorption efficiency.
Why are pregnant individuals at higher risk of iron deficiency?
Due to increased blood volume and demands from fetal development.
What is bioavailability of minerals?
The proportion of a nutrient that is absorbed and utilized by the body.
What can reduce mineral bioavailability?
- Phytates
- oxalates
- polyphenols, and
- certain nutrient interactions.
What enhances calcium absorption?
- Vitamin D
- stomach acid, and
- lactose.
When is calcium absorption most efficient?
During periods of growth, pregnancy, and adolescence.
What minerals are emphasized in the DASH diet?
- Calcium
- potassium
- magnesium, and
- fiber.
What is the importance of sodium regulation in the body?
It maintains acid-base balance and regulates blood pressure via hormonal pathways.
Why is potassium critical for health?
It supports nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and fluid balance.
