Topic 1.4 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the two enzyme theories?
*Lock and Key
*Induced fit
How does the lock and key model work?
Substrate is site specific and will fit into specific active site enzymes to be broken into products
How does the induced fit model work?
The enzyme has a non fully complementary active site which has an opposite charged active site which changes shape dependant on the substrate
How does temperature affect an enzyme?
Higher temperatures would increase kinetic energy causing more collisions with a substrate, but if it the temperature keeps rising energy would break R-Group bonds within the enzyme and so denatures(unravels back into a polypeptide chain)
How does high Alkaline or Acidic environments affect the enzyme?
H+(acidic) or OH-(alkaline) ions react with amino acids in the enzyme, altering the shape of the active site - denaturing the enzyme
What is an allosteric site?
An alternative site for inhibitors and co-factors, either as an on/off switch- deforming or reforming the active site when in
What does a competitive inhibitor do?
It bonds to the active site blocking out substrates, rendering the enzyme un useable
What does a Non-competitive inhibitor do?
They bond to the allosteric site, which makes the enzyme unusable
What is a metabolic pathway?
Series of linked reactions in a metabolic cell
What is end-product inhabitation?
It’s a control system (in many metabolic pathways) in which an enzyme at the beginning of the pathway is inhibited by one of the end products of the reaction
What’s an intracellular enzyme?
An enzyme that catalyzes reactions within the cell
What’s an extracellular enzyme ?
An enzyme that catalyzes reaction outside the cell it was made
What’s metabolism?
The sum of anabolic and catatonic processes in a cell
What’s a metabolic pathway?
Series of linked reactions in the metabolism in a cell
What’s an Anabolic enzyme?
Enzyme which builds up new molecules in a cell
What’s a catabolic enzyme?
Enzyme which breaks down substances in a cell
What’s intial rate of reaction?
The measure to compare the rates of enzyme controlled reactions under different conditions
What’s a temperature coefficient?
The measure of the effect that temperature has on the rate of reaction
What’s molecular activity?
The number of substrate molecules transformed per minute by a single enzyme molecule
What’s a co-factor?
Something that binds the enzymes active site to make it correct form
What’s a competitive inhibitor?
Inhibitor which is similar shape to the substrate and competes for the active site
What’s a non-competitive inhibitor?
Doesn’t compete for active site- goes into the allosteric site
What’s end product inhibition ?
Control system with many metabolic pathways in which an enzyme at the start of the pathway inhibits by one of the end products of the products
