Topic 4.3 Flashcards
(16 cards)
What 3 things does the circulatory system consist of?
A heart, fluid that the substances are transported in
What are the two types of circulatory systems?
Open and Closed
What’s an open circulatory system?
The heart pumps a fluid called haemolymph through short vessels and then in a large cavity called the haemocoel
What’s a closed circulatory system?
Blood is pumped through a series of progressively smaller vessels - smallest vessel being a capillary
What’s a single circulatory system?
Blood travels through the heart once on the circuit of the body
What’s a double circulatory system?
The blood travels twice through the heart on one circuit of the body
How is oxygen transported through the body?
They are bonded with haemoglobin which are then packed into red blood cells
What is haemoglobin?
A globular protein with peptide chains
What is the Bohr effect?
The way which haemoglobin, taking up and releasing oxygen, has an effect on CO2
How does partial pressure affect haemoglobin?
When partial pressure is high, the affinity haemoglobin has for oxygen is decreased
What are the other two respiratory pigments?
Fetal haemoglobin+Myoglobin
Where is fetal haemoglobin found?
Only in developing fetuses
What are some characteristics of fetal haemoglobin?
*It has a higher affinity for oxygen than normal haemoglobin
*Maternal and fetal blood run in opposite directions-counter current exchange systems(maximizing oxygen to the fetus
Where is Myoglobin found?
The muscle tissue of vertibrates
What are some characteristics of Myoglobin?
*Has a higher affinity for oxygen than haemoglobin
*Holds onto oxygen it’s bound too- acts as an oxygen store as it doesn’t release the oxygen easily, releasing when O2 levels are low
How does blood clotting go step-by-step?
Damage to vessel-platelets activate-platlette releases thromboplastin-thromboplastin activates pro-thrombin into thrombin-thrombin catalyses fibrinogen into fibrin which forms a clot
