Topic 4.1 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What’s diffusion?
Movement of particles down a concentration gradient, from a high concentration to a low concentration due to random movements
What’s facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion that takes place via carrier proteins/channel proteins in the cell membrane
What’s passive transport?
A type of transport that involves no energy from the cell to take place
What’s active transport?
The movement of substances against concentration gradients, using ATP as energy to do so
What’s Osmosis?
The net movement of water from a high water concentration to a low water concentration via a partially permable membrane
What’s endocytosis?
The movement of molecules into cells through a vesicle formation
What’s exocytosis?
The movement of molecules out of a cell through a vesicle formation
Which types of transports require energy?
Active Transport, Endocytosis, Exocytosis
What’s the definition of concentration?
Difference between the 2 sides
What’s distilled water?
100% water
What does isotonic mean?
When the solute concentration is the same in and out of the cell
What does hypotonic mean?
When the solute concentration is the outside is lower than the concentration on the inside
What’s hypertonic?
When the solute concentration on the outside is higher than the concentration on the inside
What’s the definition of turgid?
When the cell’s storage of water is at its maximum-cell membrane pushing against the cell wall
What’s the definition of plasmolysed?
When so much water has left the cell by osmosis that the protoplasm is concentrated and shrunk away from the cell walls
What’s incipient plasmolysis?
The cell membrane is beginning to pull away from the cell wall as so much water has been lost
What’s water potential?
The measure of the potential of water to move out of a solution by osmosis
What’s turgor pressure?
The pressure exerted by the cell wall on the expanding protoplasm as the water moves in- eventually meaning no water can move in
What’s osmotic potential?
The measure of the potential of a solution to cause water to move into a cell because of other solutes that are dissolved in the solution
What’s a partially permable membrane?
A membrane that allows soluble molecules to pass through-e.g cell membrane, channel proteins etc.
What’s a protoplasm?
All the parts of the cell inside the cell wall- cytoplasm and nucleus combined
Whats the highest water potential?
0
What’s the water potential equation?
Water Potential=Turgor Pressure+Osmotic Potential
Y=P+π
What’s a symport pump?
A pump that uses proteins to bring sucrose into a cell
