Topic 2

Question 0

a nerve cell

Answer 0

neuron

Question 1

the system of nerve cells that helps to regulate the human body and maintain homeostasis

Answer 1

nervous system

Question 2

the main part of the nerve cell; contains the nucleus and other cell organelles

Answer 2

cell body

Question 3

branchlike extensions from the cell body that receive impulses from sensory receptors or other neurons and deliver that information into the cell body of the neuron

Answer 3

dendrites

Question 4

the single extension leaves from the cell body that carries information away from the cell body and delivers them to adjacent neurons or muscles

Answer 4

axon

Question 5

the space between two adjacent neurons

Answer 5

synapse

Question 6

the white insulating material that covers the axons of some neurons

Answer 6

myelin sheath

Question 7

also known as an action potential; the way that information travels as an electrical signal through neurons

Answer 7

nerve impulse

Question 8

carry impulses from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Answer 8

sensory neuron

Question 9

carry impulses from the brain and spinal to the muscles

Answer 9

motor neuron

Question 10

the neurons of the brain and spinal cord that receive impulses from the sensory neurons and send responses out through motor neurons

Answer 10

interneuron

Question 11

a response that is generated by the spinal cord

Answer 11

reflex arc

Question 12

the neurons of the spinal cord

Answer 12

white matter

Question 13

the neurons of the brain

Answer 13

gray matter

Question 14

a chemical Signal released from the axon of one neuron that diffuses across the synapse and is detected by the dendrites of the adjacent neuron, prompting a nerve impulse to be sent through that neuron

Answer 14

neurotransmitter

Question 15

the brain and spinal cord

Answer 15

central nervous system

Question 16

neurons that transmit nerve impulses to and from muscles, glands and sensory receptors and the central nervous system

Answer 16

peripheral nervous system

Question 17

the main portion of the brain that controls intelligence and conscious thought

Answer 17

cerebrum

Question 18

the back portion of the brain that controls balance and coordination

Answer 18

cerebellum

Question 19

the portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord

Answer 19

brain stem

Question 20

the portion of the brain stem that controls breathing and heart rate

Answer 20

medulla oblongata

Question 21

the portion of the brain stem that connects the brain together

Answer 21

pons & midbrain

Question 22

relays information to and from the central nervous system and the skin and skeletal muscles

Answer 22

somatic nervous system

Question 23

relays information to and from the central nervous system and the internal organs

Answer 23

autonomic nervous system

Question 24

portion of the autonomic nervous system that works under times of stress

Answer 24

sympathetic nervous system

Question 25

portion of the autonomic nervous system that works under times of rest

Answer 25

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 26

nerve cells in the brain slowly lose their ability to make dopamine, resulting in shaking, difficulty walking

Answer 26

Parkinson’s disease

Question 27

abnormally excited signals in the brain result in frequent seizures; many causes; treatments reduce symptoms but do not cure the disorder

Answer 27

epilepsy

Question 28

nerve cells in the brain slowly shrink and lose function over time resulting in memory loss, personality change, and ability to speak

Answer 28

Alzheimer’s

Question 29

damages to myelin sheathing causes nerve impulses to travel more slowly or not at all, resulting in loss of balance and difficult walking and moving

Answer 29

multiple sclerosis

Question 30

causes muscle weakness and loss of muscle tissue, resulting in difficulty walking and moving

Answer 30

muscular dystrophy

Question 31

abnormal brain activity results in the change in blood flow in the brain; severe headache that can be accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light

Answer 31

migraine

Question 32

brain trauma that causes the brain to jar and impact the brain to the inside of the skull; brain swelling can result

Answer 32

concussion