Topic #4

Question 1

What is kinectics?

Answer 1

• is the branch of chemisty that deals with the ate of a chemical
• for particles of react they must collide

Question 2

Collision Theory

For reaction to occur the particles must:

Answer 2

1. have a high collision frequency (many collisions)
2. have effective collisions

Question 3

Factors that affects the rate (speed) of a chemical reaction?

6 factors

Answer 3

1. nature of the reactants
2. concentration
3. surface area
4. pressure
5. temperatue
6. pesence of a catalyst

Question 4

Nature of reactants

Answer 4

Aqueous solutions of ionic compounds react faster than covalent compounds.

Question 5

Concentration

Answer 5

The rate of a chemical reaction will increase if the concentration of the reactants are increased.

Question 6

Surface area

Answer 6

rate of reaction will increase if the surface area of the reactants is increased.

Question 7

What does pressure hPrave to do with chemical reaction?

Answer 7

Pressure has little to no affect on the rate of a chemical reaction involving solid and liquid reactants

Question 8

Exothermic

Answer 8

A chemical reaction in which energy is released. ( released in form of light and heat).

Question 9

Endothermic

Answer 9

A chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed/ ( release accompanied by drop in temperature)

Question 10

Activation Energy

2 bullets

Answer 10

1. the amount of potential energy you need to gain in orde for the reaction to actually happen.
2. the kinectic energy that must turn into potential energy to form the activated complex

Question 11

Heat of Reaction

3 points

Answer 11

1. the total amount of energy change during the reaction
2. exothermic- negative energy or a loss in energy
3. endothermic- positive energy or a gain in enery

Question 12

Catalyst

Answer 12

1. speeds up a reaction lowering the energy required to make the activated complex
2. doesnt change the products, reactants, or heat of reaction, just the activation energy.

Question 13

How does a catalyst affect the rate of speed of a reaction?

Answer 13

lowers the activation energy

Question 14

Factors that emaines the same after using a cataylst:

Answer 14

1. PE of products
2. Pe of reactants

Question 15

What is entrophy?

Answer 15

1. Entrophy is a measure of disorder or randomness
2. Entrophy tends to increase over time

Question 16

Entropy in phases of matter

Answer 16

1. Solid: greatest order, lowest energy
2. liquid: ( aqueous solution has the same entrophy as liquids)
3. gas: greatest disorder, highest entropy

Question 17

Spontaneous Reaction

Answer 17

A spontaneous reaction is one that does occur or is likely to occur without continous outside asistance, such or input or energy.

Question 18

Conditions fo a spontanous reaction

Answer 18

1. less energy ( more stable) : this favors an exothermic reaction ( low potential energy)
2. greater entropy( more disorder, more randomness)

Question 19

Temperature and energy

Answer 19

The greater the temperature, the greater the kinectic energy, the faster the paticles become the greater the entropy.

Question 20

When is Equilibrium reached?

Answer 20

When the rate of forward reaction is the same (or equal) to the rate of the reverse reaction.

Question 21

When is chemical equilibrium reached?

Answer 21

1. the rate of the forward reaction is equal as the rate of the reverse reaction. The reaction is said to be reversible
2. when the concentation of the reaction of the products and the reactants are constant

Question 22

What are the stress that can be applied to a system equalibrium?

Answer 22

1. concentration
2. temperature
3. pressure
4. adding cataylst to a system is no stess and will not affect equalibrium