Topic 5- Embryology Basics Flashcards
What are the 2 ways of dating pregnancy?
Dating from Womans last menstrual period
Fertilisation age
When dating from last menstrual period, how is it split? How many weeks overall?
3 equal trimesters
over 40weeks
At what stage is the majority of human birth defects detected?
Prenatally
When using Fertilisation age as a marker, how many weeks is it? What does it take into account?
38weeks
Ovulation of 2 weeks
What is the fertilisation age marker split into? How many weeks is each section (timespan)?
Early Development Period - 0-3weeks
Embryonic Period - 3-8 weeks
Foetal Period - 8-birth
Which period is associated with highest risk of birth defect? What induces the risk
Embryonic Period
teratogens
What occurs in the embryonic period?
Organogenesis
What time period is not susceptible to teratogens
Period of dividing zygote (1-2weeks)
Which system develops from week 2 - birth?
Which system develops from week 4 - birth
CNS
Eyes
If a defect occurs between week 3-7, what consequences does this have?
Major Congenital Abnormalities
If defects occurs between 0-2 weeks, what consequences does this have?
Prenatal Death
What infections are associated with birth defects? Why are they do cause damage?
TORCH
Toxoplasmosis, Other (hepB) , Rubella , CMV, Herpes
can cross placenta barrier
Where can you find toxoplasmosis?
Cat Faeces / Undercooked meat
5 Congenital Abnormalities that arirse from toxoplasmosis birth defect
Microcephaly hydrocephaly Splenomegaly Hearing Loss micropthalmia
At what point does Rubella pass through the placenta?
What is Rubella Syndrome (3)
After 3 months
Microcephaly
PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus)
Cataracts
Name 4 Congenital Malformations that arise from Rubella
Microcephaly
Heart Defects
Intellectual Disability
Cloudy Cornea
How is CMV transmitted?
Bodily Fluids
Name 5 Congenital Abnormalities that arise from CMV
Microcephaly Mineral Deposits in brain Psychomotor retardation Splenomegaly Micropthalmia
Those that contract CMV, what symptoms are present?
Usually Asymptomatic
Varicella Zoster Virus is related to herpes. At what time frame is considered the most dangerous? (2 time frames)
13-20 weeks
Just before birth-2 days postpartum
Name 4 congenital abnormalities that arise from herpes simplex
Segmental Skin loss
Limb Hypoplasia /paresis
microcephaly
Visual Defects
How is Zika Virus transmitted?
Mosquito / Bodily fluids
Name 4 symptoms of Zika Virus
Rash , Red eyes, Join pain , Fever
Name 2 congenital malformations that arise from Zika Virus
Microcephaly
Severe Cognitive disabilities
