Topic 7- Membranes (1)

Question 1

Gram positive Bacteria have how many membranes?

Answer 1

One

Question 2

XX : Y n-y

n-y denotes what?

XX denotes what?

Y denotes what?

Answer 2

Position of first double bond from methyl terminus

Number of carbons

Number of double bonds

Question 3

Trans bonds are what?

What does it not affect?

Answer 3

Unsaturated bonds

Doesnt affect structure as straight

Question 4

the sn-1 FA is typically what?

Answer 4

Saturated

Question 5

the sn-2 FA is typically what?

Answer 5

Unsaturated

Question 6

PG + Cardiolipins FA can be found where?

Answer 6

Mitochondria

Question 7

Which 4 FA have negative charge?

Answer 7

PS / PI / PG / CL

Question 8

Phosphatidylinositol (PIP) has phosphorylation of what 3 groups?

Answer 8

3/4/5

Question 9

What is the most abundant FA in PM specifically the inner leaflet?

Answer 9

PI(4,5)P2

Question 10

Sphingomyelin is most common with what FC headgroup

Answer 10

PC

Question 11

With spingolipids, the Amide group can form what?

what 2 things can it also interact with?

Answer 11

H bonds

Cholesterol + Polar groups from proteins

Question 12

the Acyl group on spingolipids is attached via what?

Answer 12

Amide linkage

Question 13

what is found on the head of a glycolipid?

Answer 13

Oligosaccharides

Question 14

Name 2 roles for glycolipids

Answer 14

cell-cell adhesion

Recognition sites for certain chemicals

Question 15

Basic Structure of sterols (2)

Answer 15

Hydroyxl group + Hydrocarbon tail

Question 16

Ergosterol can be found where?

Answer 16

Yeast + Fungi

Question 17

Negative curvature leads to what in bilayer? (2)

Answer 17

Disrupting properties

Generates Fusion - Generation of non-bilayer membrane intermediates

Question 18

PC and SM lipids are found where?

Answer 18

Outer leaflet of PM

Question 19

PS + PE lipids are found where?

Answer 19

Inner leaflet of PM

Question 20

PS translocates to extracellular monolayer when under going cell death via what?

Answer 20

Scramblases

Question 21

PS acts as what?

Answer 21

signal for digestion

Question 22

if lipid movement is rotational, what does this lead to?

Answer 22

Doesnt affect position but does affect interaction with neighbor cells

Question 23

If lipid movement is lateral, what does this lead to?

Answer 23

Neighbouring lipids exchange places

Question 24

Transverse Lipid movement is mediated by what? How does it move?

Answer 24

Mediated by proteins

Diffusion / translocations

Question 25

P type flippases move what / how?

Answer 25

Inward movement of lipids

Question 26

ABC proteins mediate what?

Answer 26

Movement of lipids Outward

Question 27

What type of lipid is found to be different in lung cancer between normal and cancerous tissue?

Answer 27

Glycerophospholipids

Question 28

What lipid species is higher in tumour samples? Which is decreased?

Answer 28

PI higher SM decreased

Question 29

What 4 lipids are increased in breast cancer?

Answer 29

PI / PE / PC / SM

Question 30

What is increased in Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 30

Ceramide

Question 31

what 3 phases are associated with the Lamellar phase?

Answer 31

Lamellar liquid crystalline Solid gel Liquid ordered

Question 32

in the liquid crystalline phase, what has unsaturated tails and not packed well?

Answer 32

Glycerophospholipids

Question 33

In the solid phase, what have long saturated tails and packed more tightly?

Answer 33

Sphingolipids

Question 34

Liquid ordered phase contains what?

Answer 34

Cholesterol with lipid saturated tail

Question 35

Rafts are in what phase? Description of membrane

Answer 35

liquid ordered phase thick

Question 36

What sort of monolayer do lipid droplets have?

Answer 36

Phospholipid monolayer

Question 37

Where do lipid droplets derive from?

Answer 37

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 38

Neutral lipids results from what?

Answer 38

Esterification of FA to triaclyglycerol