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IMS > Topic 7-Lipoproteins > Flashcards

Topic 7-Lipoproteins Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

How much cholesterol comes from out diet

A

25%

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2
Q

In terms of solublitlity, what is it in blood plasma?

A

Insoluble

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3
Q

Chylomicrons are sourced where?

A

Intestine

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4
Q

VLDL source?

A

Liver

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5
Q

LDL source?

A

VLDL

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6
Q

HDL source

A

Blood

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7
Q

Chylomicrons role

A

Transports dietary fats from intestine to tissues

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8
Q

VLDL role

A

Transports lipids in liver to tissues

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9
Q

LDL role

A

Cholesterol to peripheral tissues as main cholesterol carrier

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10
Q

HDL role

A

Transport cholesterol to liver FROM tissues

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11
Q

External monolayer of lipoproteins contain what? (3)

A

Phospholipids //cholesterol // apolipoproteins

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12
Q

Lipoprotein contains what 2 things

A

Lipid + Apolipoprotein

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13
Q

ApoA is present in which lipid

A

HDL

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14
Q

ApoB facilitates what?

A

LDL uptake

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15
Q

ApoC activates what?

A

Lipoprotein lipase

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16
Q

ApoE stabilises what?

What is it also?

A

Stabilises VLDL

Ligand for apoB/E receptor

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17
Q

Apolipoproteins are synthesised where? What are they regulated by?

A

Intestine . // Liver

Dietary fat intake //Insulin,glucagon,alcohol,statins

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18
Q

apoA-I regulates what key enzyme

A

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase

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19
Q

Modified LDL particle is what (2)?

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A

PRoinflaammatory + proatherogenic

20
Q

The core of LDL contains what?

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A

Hydrophobic core - Triglycerides + Cholesteryl esters

21
Q

apoA-I + apoA-II protect against what?

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A

oxidative modification

22
Q

LDL receptor on liver

What does it bind to

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A

apoB/E

binds to apoB-100 / apoE

23
Q

LDL gene receptor is regulated by what?

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A

intracellular cholesterol concentration

24
Q

Nascent HDL contains what?

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A

Free cholesterol

25
MAture HDL contains what?
Free cholesterol + Cholesterol ester
26
What receptor takes up HDL
Scavenger receptor
27
mutation in LDL receptor leads to what?
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia
28
What vitamins need cholesterol (4)
A,D,E,K
29
what mg/100ml are mammals resistant to atherosclerosis
25mg/100ml
30
What 3 peripheral clinical manifestations arise from atherosclerosis
Pain / ischaemia/ ulceration / gangrene
31
HMG-CoA ---> Mevalonate enzyme involved
HMG-CoA reductase
32
What 2 organs control cholesterol levels
liver - bile salt excretion // produces cholesterol Intestine - absorbs cholesterol from food/bile
33
Statins main role
Prevent cholesterol synthesis in liver
34
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors act where? E.g.?
Prevent absorption in intestine Ezetimibe
35
Fibrates role e.g.?
Reduce triglycerides / increase HDL / Less effective LDL Gemfibrozil
36
What do statins inhibit
HMG-CoA reductase
37
FPP to squalene enzyme
Squalene synthase
38
What do statins do to receptors
Lower intracellular cholesterol = Increased expression of LDL receptor = less cholesterol in blood
39
pleiotropic
Actions of agent which it was not specifically developed for
40
Isoprenoids are made from what? what property do they have and what process are they required for
Mevalonate Hydrophobic Prenylation
41
Prenylation involves what?
adding lipid tail to intracellular signalling molecules
42
Key G proteins are part of what family?
RAS / Rho family
43
PCSK9 is what sort of enzyme?? Where is it expressed
Protease Liver / intestine
44
PCSK9 promotes what and reduces/prevents what 2 things
Promotes intracellular degradation of LDL-R Prevents recycling of LDL-R //LDL-R population on cell membrane
45
PCSK9 mutations is associated with what?
Coronary Heart Disease
46
PCSK9 inhibition leads to what?
lower LDL-C levels

IMS (25 decks)

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