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Perception 351 > Touch > Flashcards

Touch Flashcards

1
Q

somatosensation

A

blanket term for touch

the collective sensory signals from skin, muscle, tendons, joints, and other internal receptors

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2
Q

2 receptors included in somatosensation

A

proprioception
- our sense of where our body moves

kinesthesia
- our sense of how our body moves through space

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3
Q

difference between proprioception and kinesthesia

A

pro - sense of body

kin - more about body movement through space

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4
Q

do you know where your nose is?

this is considered __________

now touch your nose

this is considered ________

A

proprioception; kinesthesia

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5
Q

outer layer of the skin

A

epidermis

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6
Q

secondary layer of the skin

A

dermis

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7
Q

3 criteria of tactile receptors

A

type of stimulation to which they respond

size of their receptive fields

rate of adaptation (fast vs. slow)

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8
Q

fast vs slow rate of adaptation in touch

A

fast - quick touch

slow - ex. forget what the clothes on your body feel like since they have been in contact for a while

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9
Q

4 tactile mechanoreceptors

A

meissner corpuscles
merkel discs
pacinian corpuscles
ruffini endings

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10
Q

meissner corpuscles

A

low frequency vibrations and grasp stability

  • fast adapting (FA I Fibers)
  • small receptive fields
  • close to the surface of skin
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11
Q

merkel discs (neurite complexes)

A

coarse texture and pattern

  • slow adapting (SA I Fibers)
  • small receptive fields
  • close to the surface of the skin
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12
Q

pacinian corpuscles

A

high frequency vibrations and fine texture

  • fast adapting (FA II Fibers)
  • large receptive fields
  • deep in the skin
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13
Q

ruffini endings

A

finger position

  • slow adapting (SA II Fibers)
  • large receptive fields
  • deep in the skin
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14
Q

tactile receptors closer to the surface have … (2 things)

A

smaller receptive fields
higher acuity

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15
Q

tactile receptors not close to the surface have … (2 things)

A

large receptive fields
low acuity

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16
Q

what does myelination do to neurons

A

coating allows for signals to get across faster

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17
Q

a-alpha fiber/associated receptor

A

fastest with the most myelination; proprioceptor

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18
Q

a-beta fiber/associated receptor

A

2nd fastest, good amount of myelination; mechanoreceptor

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19
Q

a-delta fiber/associated receptor

A

3rd fastest, a little myelination; pain and temperature

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20
Q

c fiber/associated receptor

A

slowest fiber, no myelination; pain, temperature, itch

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21
Q

our muscles, tendons, and joints also have mechanoreceptors for ______ & ________

A

kinesthesia; proprioception

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22
Q

muscle spindle

A

inside our muscle wrapped around it to sense as muscle contracts to allow brain to regulate tension

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23
Q

people who have a loss of proprioception are unable to …

A

coordinate properly

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24
Q

thermoreceptors

A

separate warm and cold fibers that cover different ranges of temperatures (non-painful temps)

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25
Q

thermoreceptors have ion channels that respond to ________ changes as well as some that respond to ________

A

temperature; chemical

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26
Q

what are thermoreceptors generally measured in comparison to your actual …

A

skin temperature

27
Q

cold fibers have a _____ range while warmth fibers have a _____ range

A

wider; sharper

28
Q

nociception

A

pain, can detect damage, excessive heat/cold, chemical/noxious stimuli

29
Q

2 types of nociception/pain fibers

A

a-delta
- medium sized, myelinated to quickly transmit pain and temperature information
- quick sharp pain (ex. when someone stabs you)

c-fiber
- narrow, unmyelinated that transmit a slower signal of pain and temperature information
- slower, throbbing sensation to make you aware that you are still hurt

30
Q

TRPs

A

thermo and chemical receptors

type of receptor dictates type of sensation

31
Q

nociception is at the ____ of the temperature scale

A

ends

32
Q

if you lack a-delta fibers, you will …

A

know you are in pain but won’t be able to identify where exactly it hurts

33
Q

if you lack c fibers, you can …

A

tell someone you have been hurt but won’t feel it long term

34
Q

tactile information passes to the _____ ____ of the spinal cord before extending up to the brain

A

dorsal horn

35
Q

spinothalamic pathway

A

spine –> thalamus

carries the slower signals, generally about skin temperature and longer pain

36
Q

dorsal column-medial lemniscal (DCML) pathway

A

carries the faster signals from skin, muscles, etc.

supports proprioception

need to constantly be sensing your body position, so needs to be fast

37
Q

which pathway is faster: spinothalamic or DCML

A

DCML

38
Q

what type of organization does the somatosensory cortex maintain?

A

somatotopic

39
Q

another word for somatotopic

A

homunculus: a body map in the brain

40
Q

is the homunculus 1-to-1? subject to remapping?

A

no; yes

41
Q

what does the homunculus do to areas that need to be particularly sensitive, similar to the fovea

A

cortical magnification

42
Q

2 major networks for touch/pain in the brain

A

sensory-discriminative
- S1, etc. your basic sense of touch

emotional-aversive: anterior cingulate, PFC
- more tied to pain responses
- also cognitive/emotional aspects
- helps down regulate pain if need to power through

43
Q

pain can be heavily modulated by ________ and ________ factors

A

emotional; cognitive

44
Q

gate control theory

A

pain can incorporrate modulating signals from the brain, and can even be blocked by other local signals at the dorsal horn of the spine, such as from rubbing or scratching

ex. if you were bit by a mosquito, you can block the pain temporarily by itching it

45
Q

analgesia

A

pain relief, come in many forms

46
Q

hyperalgesia

A

heightened response to pain

consequence of an injury

can get ongoing pain from issues in the nervous system: neuropathic pain

47
Q

neuropathic pain

A

pain system malfunction

48
Q

touch is relatively ______

A

fast

49
Q

touch is faster than ______ but slower than ______

A

vision; hearing

50
Q

haptic perception

A

knowledge of the world derived from info about touch and proprioception

know how to position hand to grab something and know what most things feel like before touching it

51
Q

different materials produce different ____

A

timbres

52
Q

course materials, like sandpaper, are perceived by _____ fibers

A

SA I

53
Q

finer materials, like fabric, are perceived by _____ fibers

A

FA II

54
Q

the FA II afferents fire in _____ with the vibrations from the fabric as it moves across the skin

A

synchrony

55
Q

haptic guide action

A

our experience of touch and proprioception allow us to pre-plan actions and maintain actions

56
Q

haptic object knowledge

A

aka “What” system

can recognize objects by their 3D properties but can’t recognize a 2D outline of an object

57
Q

what features pop out during haptic search? what don’t?

A

do: rough vs smooth, hard vs soft, cool vs warm

don’t: shifts in the same texture (horizontal to vertical lines)

58
Q

why is braille raised dots and not letters? why do we trace them with our fingertips?

A

we are bad at identifying 2D objects; maximum acuity at the fingertips

59
Q

tactile agnosia

A

inability to recognize objects via touch, usually in one hand (contralateral to the damage)

60
Q

is visual object recognition fine with tactile agnosia?

A

yes

61
Q

the “where” system of touch

A

you have some knowledge about here things are via touch, can often find your alarm in the morning without seeing it

evidence that, like vision, this system is tied to the parietal cortex

62
Q

hemineglect extends to …

A

touch and proprioception

63
Q

example of sensory integration

A

rubber-hand illusion

Perception 351 (21 decks)

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