TPO12 Flashcards

Question

Inadequacy

Answer 1

🔹the state or quality of being inadequate; lack of the quantity or quality required;insufficiency; deficiency; scarcity Inability to deal with a situation or with life 🔸the inadequacy of available resources Na monasebi- bi kefayati -na basandegi

Answer 2

🔹a long way from an intended target; inaccurate; irrelevant; off-target; erroneous; inexact 🔸most of his shots went wide of the mark. 🔸their evaluation of the technical flaws was not so far off the mark, yet they neglected to take account some important factors.

Answer 3

(adj.) 🔹having a solid, almost unyielding surface or structure; solidified; 🔸the bed should be reasonably firm, but not too hard. 🔹showing resolute determination and strength of character; resolute; determined 🔸parents should be firm with children and not give in to their demands. (v.) 🔹make more solid or resilient 🔹make(an agreement or plan)explicit and definite 🔸the agreements still have to be firmed up. (n.) 🔹a business concern, especially one involving a partnership of two or more people;company;business; enterprise 🔸state supports for small firms.

Answer 4

🔹a broad road in a town or city, typically having trees at regular intervals along its sides. 🔸tree-lined avenues surround the hotel. 🔹a way of approaching a problem or making progress towards something;method;approach;route 🔸three possible avenues of research suggested themselves.

Answer 5

🔹a useful or valuable thing or person; benefit; strength 🔸quick reflexes were his chief assets. 🔹an item of property owned by a person or company, regarded as having value and available to meet debts, commitments, or legacie; property; resource; possessions

Answer 6

🔹re-energize; fortify;strengthen; resuscitate; revive | Ghodrat o zendegi dadan- baz zende sakhtan

Answer 7

🔹happening quickly or promptly; rapid; prompt; instantaneous 🔸remarkably swift recovery

Answer 8

🔹force(a part of one’s body or oneself)to make an unusually great effort. Make an unusually great effort. 🔸his voice was so quiet that I had to strain to hear. 🔹injure(a limb, muscle, or organ) by overexerting it. 🔸on cold days you are more likely to strain muscles. 🔹make severe or excessive demands on; overwork 🔸he strained her tolerance to the limit. 🔹pull or push forcibly at something 🔸the bear strained at the chain around his neck. 🔹stretch something tightly 🔹embrace tightly 🔸she strained the infant to her bosom again 🔹pour(a mainly liquid substance)through a porous or perforated device or material in order to separate out any solid matter; filter Cause liquid to drain off 🔸she turned to the sink to strain the noodles.

Answer 9

🔹feelings of severe despondency and dejection; melancholy; misery; sorrow; sadness 🔹a long and severe recession in an economy or market 🔸the depression in the housing market 🔹the action of lowering something or pressing something down 🔸quick depression of mercury in the thermometer 🔹a sunken place or hollow on the surface; hollow; cavity 🔸some of the depressions on the surface of the field were filled with water.

Answer 10

🔹strengthen or support physically or mentally;assist 🔸this thought has sustained him throughout the years. 🔹undergo or suffer(something unpleasant, especially an injury);experience;go through 🔸he sustained severe head injuries. 🔹cause to continue for an extended period or without interruption 🔸he can not sustain a normal conversation. 🔹uphold, affirm, or confirm the justice or validity of; validate; confirm 🔸the allegation of discrimination were sustained.

Answer 11

🔹fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment, especially in a channel or harbour; sediment; deposit Gel o lay- lajan 🔸a bed or layer of silt

Answer 12

🔹in a way that is likely to have a strong or far-reaching effect. 🔸now her fortunes have changed drastically. 🔹extremely;very 🔸the ending was drastically different from what I’d expected.

Answer 13

🔹the pointed top of a mountain summit; pinnacle; apex;zenith; acme 🔸tatters of fog clung to the peak of the mountain. 🔹projecting pointed part or shape. 🔹the point of highest activity, quality, or achievement. 🔸he was at his peak as a cricketer. 🔹decline in health and spirits; waste away 🔸she sat all day, peaking and pining, at the fire-side

Answer 14

(v.) 🔹move or jump suddenly or rapidly upwards or forwards; jump; hop 🔸I sprang out of bed. 🔹originate or arise from 🔸madness and creativity could spring from the same source. 🔹appear suddenly or unexpectedly form.suddenly develop or appear. 🔸tears sprang from his eyes. 🔹elastic device, that can be pressed or pulled but returns to its former shape when released fanar- fanari 🔹a place where water or oil wells up from underground source, or the basin or flow formed in such a way. Cheshmeh-sarcheshmeh 🔸the well is fed by mountain springs.

Answer 15

🔹hard sedimentary rock, used as building material and in the making of cement. Sange ahak

Answer 16

🔹group or area of mountains.

Answer 17

🔹bowl for washing;washbasin 🔹a wide open container used for preparing food or for holding liquids. 🔸she poured water from the jug into the basin. 🔹a circular or oval valley or natural depression on the earth’s surface, especially one containing water. Aabgir

Answer 18

🔹Inhabitant

Answer 19

(v.) 🔹wear away or change the appearance or texture of something by long exposure to the atmosphere; erode 🔸his skin was weathered almost black by his long outdoor life. 🔹(of ship)come safely through a storm 🔸the sturdy boat had weathered the storm well. 🔹withstand difficulty or danger 🔸this year has tested industry’a ability to weather recession.

Answer 20

🔹produce or provide(a natural agricultural, or industrial product or financial return) 🔸the land yields grapes and tobacco. 🔹give away to arguments, demands, or pressure; surrender 🔸the western powers now yielded when they should have resisted. 🔹relinquish possession of 🔸they might yield up their secrets. (n.) 🔹an amount produced of an agricultural or industrial product or a financial return; gain 🔸the milk yield was poor.

Answer 21

🔹motionless

Answer 22

🔹(of a liquid, gel, paste, etc) to leak or flow out of some cracks, breach, or flaw in something. 🔸I realized there was a fire downstairs when I noticed smoke seeping into our bedrooms. 🔹to become known to those from whom something was supposed to remain secret or classified. 🔸news of the merger seeped out months before the two companies made a formal announcement about it.

Answer 23

🔹not decorated or elaborated;simple or basic;ordinary 🔸good plain food 🔹having no pretensions; not remarkable or special; straightforward; unpretentious 🔸a plain, honest man with no nonsense about him. 🔹used for emphasis 🔸perhaps the youth was just plain stupid. 🔹clearly or unequivocally 🔸I’m finished with you, I’ll tell you plain. 🔹a large area of flat land with few trees.

Answer 24

🔹containing or impregnated with salt;salty | 🔸saline solution

Answer 25

🔹draw liquid through the tap or spout of; or from cask, barrel, or other container; extract 🔹exploit or draw a supply from a resource; exploit; make use of; utilize 🔸clients from industry seeking to tap Edinburgh’s resources of expertise 🔹connect a device to a telephone so that conversation can be listened secretly 🔸the telephones were tapped by the state security police. 🔹strike with a quick blow or blows; knock; beat 🔸one of my staff tapped me on the shoulder.

Answer 26

🔹a person or thing that comes before another of the same kind; a forerunner; predecessor; antecedent 🔹a substance from which another is formed, especially by metabolic reaction 🔸pepsinogen is the inactive precursor of pepsin

Answer 27

🔹overwhelm with an excessive amount of something; inundate; flood 🔸the country was swamped with goods from abroad. 🔸the life boat somehow did not swamp, but made it to shore. 🔸I really swamped. There’re deadlines wherever I turn in.

Answer 28

🔹relating to or along a tangent Momaasi 🔸tangential line 🔹diverging from a previous course or line; erratic 🔸tangential thoughts 🔸all that tangential material just distract from the main argument. 🔹hardly touching a matter; peripheral 🔸the reforms were tangential to efforts to maintain a basic standard of life.

Answer 29

🔹to walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without any clear purpose of direction 🔸he was here a minute ago but he’s wandering off somewhere. 🔹to have a sexual relationship or experience outside of your marriage or usual relationship 🔸she had enough problems dealing with a wandering husband. 🔹start talking about a different subject from the one you were originally discussing. 🔸we’ve wandered off/from the point somewhat. 🔹if your mind or thoughts wander, you stop thinking about the subject that you should be giving your attention to and start thinking about other matters 🔸halfway through the meeting my mind started to wander.

Answer 30

🔹undo(twisted, knitted, or woven threads) 🔹(of about intricate process, system, or arrangement)disintegrate or be destroyed. 🔸his painstaking diplomacy of the last eight month could quickly unravel. 🔹investigate and solve or explain(something complicated or puzzling);resolve;clear up 🔸they were attempting to unravel the cause of death.

Answer 31

🔹remark or attitude that is not serious, although in may seem to be. If you say something tongue in cheek, you intend it to be understand as a joke, although you might appear to be serious. Speaking or writing in an ironic or insincere way.humorous or sarcastic statement expressed in a mock serious manner. 🔸he made some tongue-in-cheek comment about being very busy cleaning his house.

Answer 32

Memos 🔹a written message in business or diplomacy 🔸he told them of his decision in a memorandum. 🔹a note recording something for future use; record; contract 🔸the two countries signed a memorandum of understanding on economic cooperation. 🔹a document recording the terms of a contract or other legal details.

Answer 33

🔹in or at a location where real work or action is happening, as opposed to observing or directing something from a distance. In a place where real practical work is done. 🔸while the politicians talk of piece, the situation on the ground remains tense. 🔹among the real, ordinary people involved in or affected by something. Among the general public 🔸their political ideas have a lot of support on the ground.

Answer 34

🔹(especially of change or action)relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something;far reaching or thorough 🔸a radical overhaul of the existing regulatory framework. 🔹forming an inherent or fundamental part of the nature of someone or something ; basic; fundamental 🔸the assumptions of radical differences between the mental attributes of literate and non-literate people 🔹advocating or based on thorough or complete political or social change; representing or supporting an extreme or progressive section of a political party; reformist; revolutionary 🔸a radical American activist.

Answer 35

🔹hold someone closely in arms; especially as a sign of affection; hug 🔸Sophie embraced her warmly 🔹accept(a belief, theory, or change)willingly and enthusiastically; welcome; take up 🔸besides traditional methods, artists are embracing new technology. 🔹include or contain as a constituent part. 🔸his career embraces a number activities— composing, playing, and acting.

Answer 36

🔹Noghte atf

Answer 37

🔹divide portion of time into periods | 🔸this most fundamental standard of historical periodization conceals a host of paradoxes.

Answer 38

🔹a large number of people or things | 🔸a host of memories rushed into her mind

Answer 39

🔹unassuming in the estimation of one’s abilities or achievements;humble;unpretentious 🔸he was a very modest man, refusing to take any credit for the enterprise 🔹(of an amount, rate, level)relatively moderate, limited, or small; moderate 🔸drink modest amounts of alchohol 🔹Not large, elaborate, or expensive; ordinary 🔹(of woman)dressing or behaving so as to avoid impropriety or indecency, especially to avoid attracting sexual attention 🔸the modest woman wear long-sleeved dresses and all but cover their faces 🔹(of clothing)not revealing or emphasizing a person’s figure. 🔸modest dress means that hemlines must be below the knee.

Answer 40

🔹relating to the ear or the sense of hearing | 🔸information held in written, aural, or visual form.

Answer 41

(v.) 🔹exercise skill in making (an object), typically by hand. 🔸he crafted the chair lovingly. (n.) 🔹skills involved in carrying out one’s work;skill; ability Pishe-honar-maharat 🔸the artist learned his craft in Holland. 🔹skill used in deceiving others. neyrang crafting(n.) 🔹the activity or hobby of making decorative articles by hand. 🔸crafting has emerged as a fashionable form of self-expression

Answer 42

🔹the first performance of a musical or theatrical work or the first showing of a film;opening 🔸the world premiere of his new play 🔹give the first performance of 🔸his first stage play was premiered at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre.

Answer 43

🔹tower above and cast a shadow over; shade; darken; conceal 🔸an enormous oak tree stood overshadowing the cottage. 🔹appear more prominent or important than; be more impressive or successful than (another person);outshine;excel;surpass 🔸his competitive nature often overshadows the other qualities 🔸he was always overshadowed by his brilliant elder brother

Answer 44

🔹cause to feel sudden shock or alarm; surprise; frighten 🔸a sudden sound in doorway startled her Startling(adj.) 🔹very surprising, astonishing, or remarkable 🔸he bore a startling likeness to their father.

Answer 45

🔹forcibly put an end to; repress 🔸the rising was savagely suppressed. 🔹prevent the development, action, or expression of(feeling, impulse, idea, etc);restrain 🔸she could not suppress the rising panic. 🔹prevent the dissemination of(information); conceal 🔸the report had been suppressed. 🔹prevent or inhibit(a process or reaction) 🔸use of the drug suppressed the immune response.

Answer 46

🔹delay or hold back in terms of progress or development Tavigh andakhtan- kond kardan 🔸our progress was retarded by unforeseen difficulties. (n.) 🔹a person who has a mental disability Aghab oftade

Answer 47

🔹to delay or move an activity to a later time, or to stop or prevent someone from doing something. 🔸the meeting has been put off for a week. 🔸he keeps asking me out, and I keep putting him off.

Answer 48

🔹the state or quality of being inadequate; lack of the quantity or quality required;insufficiency; deficiency; scarcity Inability to deal with a situation or with life 🔸the inadequacy of available resources Na monasebi- bi kefayati -na basandegi

Answer 49

🔹a long way from an intended target; inaccurate; irrelevant; off-target; erroneous; inexact 🔸most of his shots went wide of the mark. 🔸their evaluation of the technical flaws was not so far off the mark, yet they neglected to take account some important factors.

Answer 50

(adj.) 🔹having a solid, almost unyielding surface or structure; solidified; 🔸the bed should be reasonably firm, but not too hard. 🔹showing resolute determination and strength of character; resolute; determined 🔸parents should be firm with children and not give in to their demands. (v.) 🔹make more solid or resilient 🔹make(an agreement or plan)explicit and definite 🔸the agreements still have to be firmed up. (n.) 🔹a business concern, especially one involving a partnership of two or more people;company;business; enterprise 🔸state supports for small firms.

Answer 51

🔹a broad road in a town or city, typically having trees at regular intervals along its sides. 🔸tree-lined avenues surround the hotel. 🔹a way of approaching a problem or making progress towards something;method;approach;route 🔸three possible avenues of research suggested themselves.

Answer 52

🔹a useful or valuable thing or person; benefit; strength 🔸quick reflexes were his chief assets. 🔹an item of property owned by a person or company, regarded as having value and available to meet debts, commitments, or legacie; property; resource; possessions

Answer 53

🔹re-energize; fortify;strengthen; resuscitate; revive | Ghodrat o zendegi dadan- baz zende sakhtan

Answer 54

🔹happening quickly or promptly; rapid; prompt; instantaneous 🔸remarkably swift recovery

Answer 55

🔹force(a part of one’s body or oneself)to make an unusually great effort. Make an unusually great effort. 🔸his voice was so quiet that I had to strain to hear. 🔹injure(a limb, muscle, or organ) by overexerting it. 🔸on cold days you are more likely to strain muscles. 🔹make severe or excessive demands on; overwork 🔸he strained her tolerance to the limit. 🔹pull or push forcibly at something 🔸the bear strained at the chain around his neck. 🔹stretch something tightly 🔹embrace tightly 🔸she strained the infant to her bosom again 🔹pour(a mainly liquid substance)through a porous or perforated device or material in order to separate out any solid matter; filter Cause liquid to drain off 🔸she turned to the sink to strain the noodles.

Answer 56

🔹a risky or daring journey or undertaking 🔸pioneering ventures into little-known waters. 🔹a business enterprise, typically one that involves risk; enterprise; project 🔸a joint venture between two aircraft manufacturers. (v.) 🔹undertake a risky or daring journey or course of action. 🔹expose to the risk of loss 🔸agents for other people’s money, they do not venture their own capital. 🔹dare to do or say something that may be considered audacious(often used as a polite expression of hesitation or apology) 🔸may I venture to add a few comments?

Answer 57

``` 🔹the highest class in certain societies, typically comprising people of noble birth holding hereditary titles and offices. Tabaghe ashraaf ``` 🔹a form of government in which power is held by the nobility. Hokoumate ashraafi

Answer 58

🔹the body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian church. 🔸all marriages were to be solemnized by the clergy.

Answer 59

🔹the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region.; everyday language; spoken language 🔸he wrote in the vernacular to reach a larger audience. 🔹architecture concerned with domestic and functional rather than public or monumental buildings. 🔸buildings in which Gothic merged into farmhouse vernacular.

Answer 60

🔹the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. Hajv- taane

Answer 61

🔹put or keep in prison or a place like a prison;incarcerate; jail 🔸he was imprisoned three times for his activities.

Answer 62

🔹hostility and ill-treatment, especially because of race or political or religious beliefs; oppression Persistent annoyance or harassment Azar o aziat- shekanje 🔸the persecution of of the natives by the occupiers.

Answer 63

🔹Restore (a dead person, something inactive or disused) to life; revive; revitalize 🔸they are trying to resurrect medieval beliefs.

Answer 64

🔹keep or restrict someone or something within certain limits; enclose; incarcerate; imprison 🔸he does not confine his message to high politics 🔹the borders or boundaries of a place, especially with regard to their restricting freedom of movement; limits; borders 🔸within the confines of the hall escape is difficult.

Answer 65

🔹a modulation or inflection of the voice; rhythm; tempo | Vazn- ahang

Answer 66

🔹a plan, made in secret by a group of people to do something illegal or harmful. 🔸there’s a plot to overthrow the government. 🔹the main events of a play, novel, film, or similar work, devised and presented by the writer as an interrelated sequence 🔸the plot consists almost entirely of a man and woman falling in love. 🔹a small piece of ground marked out for a purpose such as building or gardening; area; location; tract 🔸vegetable plot 🔹graph showing relation between two variables; diagram; chart

Answer 67

🔹a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the past history of a notion Hemaasi- Pahlevani

Answer 68

🔹(of aircraft production bird)become airborne 🔹become successful or popular 🔸the newly launched electronic newspaper has really taken off. 🔹depart hastily 🔸the officer took off after his men.

Answer 69

🔹send goods or services to another country for sale 🔸nearly all the bananas produced exported to Britain 🔹spread or introduce ideas or beliefs to another country. 🔸the Greeks exported Hellenic culture around Mediterranean basin. 🔹transfer data in a format that can be used by other programs. 🔸the information can be exported to a database.

Answer 70

``` 🔹a select group that is superior in terms of ability or qualities to the rest of a group or society. 🔹a group or class of people seen as having the most power and influence in a society, especially on account of their wealth or privilege Nokhbe- golchin ```

Answer 71

🔹someone could do something; that particular choice or action is not a bad one 🔸you could do worse than to vote her 🔸he could do worse than marry Eleanor.

TPO12 Flashcards

(95 cards)