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Flashcards in Trans - Outcomes in Research Deck (12)
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1
Q

outcome - define

A

measurable events that are designed to directly or indirectly prove hypothesis

2
Q

determinants of outcome

A

nature of the research question
study design
objectives of the study
study population

3
Q

outcomes in therapy/prevention

A

measure of a physiologic change
measure of increased pathologic change
measure of efficacy, effectiveness, or cost-efficiency

4
Q

outcomes in diagnosis

A

measure of accuracy or reliability of test finding

5
Q

outcomes in prognosis

A

measure of survival with and without the prognostic variable

6
Q

outcomes in causation/harm

A

measure of physiologic change
measure of decreased pathologic change
measure of no efficacy, no effectiveness, or decreased cost-efficiency

7
Q

outcomes in cellular/tissue level

A

measurement of product / metabolite

direct observation of biochemical effect

8
Q

outcomes at the animal/human level

A

improvement in signs and symptoms
change in function or toxicity
cure, survival, recovery
mortality, morbidity

9
Q

characteristics of a good outcome measure

A
  1. biologically important
  2. clinically important
  3. highly reproducible
  4. unequivocally defined
10
Q

gold standard

A

universally accepted instrument for the measurement of data

11
Q

dichotomous outcomes

A

when events are classified into 2 different categories

12
Q

for continuous outcomes, there should be:

A

measure of central tendency