Trans - Hypothesis Testing and Sample Size Flashcards Preview

[OS 211] FINALS > Trans - Hypothesis Testing and Sample Size > Flashcards

Flashcards in Trans - Hypothesis Testing and Sample Size Deck (23)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

bias is measureable or nonmeasurable?

A

nonmeasurable

2
Q

random error is measurable or nonmeasurable?

A

measurable

3
Q

convenient sample is often a _______

A

bias sample

4
Q

relationship of sample size to random error

A

larger sample size, smaller random error

5
Q

considerations in sample

A
  1. is the sample representative of the population
  2. is the sample large enough
  3. are there other variables that explain the results
6
Q

independent variable

A

presumed cause

7
Q

dependent variable

A

outcome from the presumed cause

8
Q

extraneous variables

A

must be kept constant

9
Q

nominal scale

A

no order, only identifiers

10
Q

ordinal scale

A

some order exists

11
Q

scales of measurement

A
  1. nominal
  2. ordinal
  3. ratio
  4. interval
12
Q

process of testing a statement about the population against an alternative statement

A

hypothesis testing

13
Q

if p > a,

A

null hypothesis is not rejected

14
Q

if p < a,

A

null hypothesis is rejected

15
Q

two tailed hypothesis

A

null: mean is equal to X
alternative: mean is greater than or lesser than X

16
Q

one tailed hypothesis

A

null: mean is greater than or equal to X
alternative: mean is less than X

17
Q

the null and alternative hypotheses must be phrased such that they are:

A

mutually exclusive

collectively exhaustive

18
Q

rejection of the null hypothesis means:

A

there is a clinically important difference

19
Q

non-rejection of the null hypothesis:

A

there is no clinically important difference

20
Q

type 1 error

A

concluding a difference when there is none

21
Q

type 2 error

A

concluding the absence of a difference when there is a difference

22
Q

what type of error is more serious

A

type 2

23
Q

what type of estimate is preferable, point or confidence interval

A

confidence interval