cross sectional study
single measurement, single observation, one particular period of time
longitudinal study
requires repeated measurements over a longer period of time
cross sectional study used for:
disease description
longitudinal study used for
prospective and retrospective studies
pre experimental designs - purpose
for piloting procedures and outcomes for the true experiments
1 shot case study
single group studied only once without control
1 group pretest-posttest design
compares subjects condition before and after intervention, no control
difference of true experimental designs from pre experimental designs
in true experimental designs, control groups are present
single factor experiments
comparisons are mad on the effectiveness of treatments on a common criterion
multifactor experiments
permit evaluation of controlled effect of two or more variables
pretest-posttest control group design
most common, evaluates baseline first before treatment
posttest only control group design
can be done when procedures for induction of baseline are well established
blocked group design
experimental units are grouped first according to the control variable before randomization of experimentation
multifactor designs
used to see the effects of different variables in combination
case report
describe the outcome of the patient
case series
descriptive account of certain characteristics observed in a group of patients
cross sectional study
done at one point in time
“what might be happening”
for hypothesis generation
case control study
cases (those with outcome of interest) are compared to controls (those without outcome of interest)
“what may have happened”
part of population identified so that one or more characteristics may be studied over time
cohort
cohort study
follows a cohort who initially does not have the disease and sees which of them would develop it
identifies risk factors
randomization used to determine which subject will be exposed to treatment or placebo
randomized control trial
meta analysis
studies and compiles the findings of previous studies
