Translation

Question 1

What are two main differences between the Shine-Dalgarno and Kozak consensus sequences?

Answer 1

Shine-Dalgarno is for prokaryotes while Kozak consensus is for eukaryotes.

Shine-Dalgarno works by aligning mRNA with codons physically, Kozak consensus uses an initiation complex to recognize the intitiation codon.

Question 2

What are the elongation sites in order?

Answer 2

A: Aminoacyl site for new amino acid
P: Peptidyl site for recently added amino acid
E: Exit site for empty tRNA

Question 3

What is degenerate code?

Answer 3

Multiple codons that code for the same amino acid and are therefore redundant.

Question 4

What is the wobble position?

Answer 4

The third position of a codon (NNA)

Question 5

What are some possible results of the wobble position?

2

Answer 5

Different mRNA can result in the same tRNA.

G codes for both C and U in mRNA.

Inosine in tRNA can recognize A, C, and U.

Question 6

A codon is on the …

Answer 6

mRNA

Question 7

An anti-codon is on the …

Answer 7

tRNA

Question 8

The start codon is …

Answer 8

AUG

Question 9

What is the signifigance of ubiquitin?

Answer 9

It marks proteins for degradation

Question 10

What is signalled by ubiquitin to degrade proteins?

Answer 10

26S proteasomes

Question 11

What are ribosomes made of?

Answer 11

rRNA and proteins, consisting of a large and small subunit.