translation regulation

Question 1

bacterial trans regulation: Stringent response

Answer 1

un charged tRNAs complete w charged tRNA at A site -> translatipn -> recruots RecA * reversible (synthesises pentaphospate gunaine nuc)

Question 2

EU trans regulation

Answer 2

1. uncharged tRNA binds to Gcn2
2. Gcn2 phos elF2
3. elF3 guides Met to p site
4. translation shutdown
5. mRNA comlete
6. elF4E @ 5 cap bind PABP at poly a tail (phos regulated)

Question 3

1. 5 UTR regulation: Bacteria

Answer 3

shine seq
prevents translation by:
1. binding protiens
2. small RNA
3. metabolties
4. RNA itself 

Low temp less accesiblle

Question 4

5 UTR regulation: EU

Answer 4

respond to Fe levels

high Fe- more degraded no more Fe
low Fe- mRNA protected by IRES

Question 5

what is a riboswitch?

Answer 5

controls synthsis, bound 5 UTR and low thymine

Question 6

3’ UTR reguation

Answer 6

ONLY in EU

closed loop, short Poly A, CPE bound by CPEB and gets elF4E

Question 7

3’ UTR reguation to reactivate:

Answer 7

1. CPEB phos by Eg2 kinase
2. recruits CPSE to AAUAA seq
3. CPSF gets poly a polyermase PAP to p tail
4. Poly a binds= elF4G to bind
5. displaced masking- translation proceeds

Question 8

RNA degradation bacteria

Answer 8

degradosome

1. 5 triphop into mono by Rpph
2. mRNA degradtion by endonucelase
3. 3-5 exo degrade products

Question 9

RNA degradation EU

Answer 9

first poly a tail shortening by deadnylaze
endonuclease actuavty iniate degradaton (RARE)
decapping 5-3

Question 10

Viral hijacking- shut down trans

Answer 10

1. disrupt closed loop complex

2. diphospylate 4E-BPs

Question 11

exampkes of viral hijacking

Answer 11

1. Cap indepenant- picovirus- IREs within 5 UTR direct
2. Virial closed looop structure improvement
   (rotavirus- lacks 3 poly has NSP3 and binds elF4G

Question 12

regulating RNA

Answer 12

1. primary transcripts into final
2. complment NP with RNA/DNA targets
3. interact with other components

Question 13

SRNA’a Bacterial

Answer 13

synthesized indpendant 100-300
bind mRNA to shine D
1. enhance trans = more ribo binding
2. affect degradtion - get ribo to target mRNA

eg, RyHB in ecoli can repres trans

Question 14

SRNA’a EU

Answer 14

1. mirco RNAs - from primary transcriptos
2. SiRNAs- from RNA (drosher!*)
3. repeat assoicated RNAs

Question 15

RISC complexes

Answer 15

guides RNA argonaute
miRISC- pais 2-8 nuc seq
3 end of miRNA by PAZ
siRISC- binds along leads to PIWI clevage

Question 16

gene silencing: miRICS

Answer 16

found on 3 UTR

PIWI in arg inactive and causes repression

Question 17

gene silencing: siRISC

Answer 17

releases PAZ domain -> CC-> activates PIWI to cleave target

Question 18

viral defence

Answer 18

carnation ringspot viris PIP pritin to 21 nuc siRNA -> prevents RISC
mediated by CRISPER and processed by CAs to give short RNAS to help guid others

Question 19

how to explote regulation RNA

Answer 19

CRISPER/CAs9 removed

Question 20

RNAi in C. elegans

Answer 20

regulate production by injecting dsRNA = siRNA system

Question 21

CRISPER/Cas 9

Answer 21

1. CRISPER RNA: target specfic DNA sites
2. Cas 9: recogize DNA sites
3. Repair template: guides DNA and repair of cleaved DNA to allow for a specfic sequence