Trivia 2 Flashcards
(303 cards)
1
Q
Who was Apollonius the Wonder Worker Apollonius of Tyana?
A
A neopythagorean philosopher, charismatic teacher, contemporary of Jesus, lived and ascetic vegetarian lifestyle, traveled and taught his beliefs, believed to have visions and prophecy.
2
Q
When did Apollonius of Tyana live?
A
15-100 AD it is guessed
3
Q
Who wrote the only surviving biography of Apollonius the Wonder Worker?
A
Philostratus, his sources have been lost, at the request of Empress Julia Domna
4
Q
When was Caligula Emperor?
A
37-41 AD
After Tiberius
5
Q
What was Caligula’s real name. How was he related to Tiberius?
A
Gaius Caesar, later Gaius Caesar Germanicus after his father. Germanicus was Tiberius’s nephew and adopted son.
6
Q
Caligula’s mother’s name?
A
Vipsania Agrippina
7
Q
Who were the four emperors after Augustus?
A
Tiberius
Caligula
Claudius
Nero
8
Q
What were the names of Caligula’s three sisters?
A
Julia Drusilla - Caligula’s favorite, died young & deified
Julia Livilla - youngest
Agrippina the Younger- Claudius’s fourth wife, Mother of Nero
9
Q
When did legal gambling start in Las Vegas?
A
1931
10
Q
First Casinos in Las Vegas?
A
The Flamingo - Pink Flamingo at first was first luxury hotel casino on the strip
Pair O Dice and Red Rooster 1931
El Rancho Vegas first casino hotel
11
Q
Theories of why Bugsy Siegel was killed
A
Bc Siegel was careless spending other big mob guys money?
Fight with girlfriend Virginia Hill who he beat, possibly her brother?
Benjamin “Bugsy” Siegel
12
Q
Who was Meyer Lansky?
Who was Charles “Lucky” Luciano?
A
Lansky: Bugsy Siegel’s lifetime friend
Lucky: big mob boss at the time
13
Q
“Moulin rouge” means…
A
Red mill
14
Q
What was historic about the Moulin Rouge casino in Las Vegas?
A
First racially integrated casino in America, opened May 24th 1955. Lasted only 6 months.
15
Q
Who were the Saxons?
A
A Germanic people who were allegedly barbaric and illiterate and opposed Rome in 300-400 AD, raiders along the North Sea Coast and pushed into Britain Sussex, Wessex and Essex.
16
Q
Anglo-Saxons refers to..,
A
Coastal Germanic groups who entered England after Breakup of Roman Empire. Angles, Saxons and Jutes, Established kingdoms in Essex, Sussex, and Wessex
17
Q
Circa 500 AD Anglo-Saxons were opposed by?
A
A Christian Roman British king some ascribe to King Arthur.
18
Q
The Anglo-Saxon period?
A
410-1066 AD
19
Q
What ended the Ango-Saxon period?
A
Battle of Hastings in 1066. King Harold II was defeated by Norman forces led by William the Conquerer.
20
Q
Aspects of Anglo-Saxon culture.
A
Simple wooden buildings even for elite,
We’re pagans believing in gods similar to Scandinavians, Woden, Thunor, Frige, Tiw - Tuesday WednesdayThursday Friday. System of tribal chieftains or Lords, many feuds, death had to be avenged until wergild
21
Q
When was the Tudor Period?
A
August 22, 1485-May 24, 1603.
22
Q
The Tudor period includes which period?
A
The Elizabethan Period, the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.
23
Q
Who were the 5 monarchs of the Tudor period?
A
Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary 1, Elizabeth I
24
Q
Historically, the Tudor period included…
A
Henry VIII and his 6 wives, exploration of America, and Shakespeare, The Reformation,
25
What was The Reformation in England?
Transformed England from Catholicism to Protestantism.
26
When was the Stuart period in British history?
1603-1714
27
Stuart period included...?
Jacobean era
Caroline era
Interregnum
Restoration
English Civil War
28
7 monarchs of Stuart era
James I, Charles I ( executed by Oliver Cromwell), Charles II, James II, Mary II, William III, Anne
29
What’s the Interregnum?
The time that England was a republic and not a monarchy. Oliver Cromwell
30
Definition of Interregnum:
the time during which a throne is vacant between two successive reigns or regimes
2 : a period during which the normal functions of government or control are suspended
3 : a lapse or pause in a continuous series
31
Definition of bivouac?
1 : a usually temporary encampment under little or no shelter
2a : encampment usually for a night
b : a temporary or casual shelter or lodging
32
Where’s Tannu Tuva?
When was it a sovereign country?
1921 -1944
Between Mongolia and Russia
33
Tannu Tuva’s capital?
Kyzyl
34
Where is the restaurant, please?
Oú est le restaurant, s’il vous plait?
35
Where is
Oú est
36
To have and conjugations
Avoir
```
J’ai
Tu as
I’ll/elle a
Ils/elles ont
They
Nous avons
```
37
What are and what causes lenticularis clouds (altocumulus lenticularis)
Smooth and round, look like flying saucers, seems to hover in place,
Caused by invisible standing wave of stable, humid air when air hits a mountain and has to stream over it and overshoot
38
What are nacreous clouds
A stratospheric cloud, small amounts of moisture condense in the usually dry stratosphere forming ice crystals that reflect sun after it has set. Harmful to ozone layer.
39
Where do nacreous clouds form?
Close the the poles in the extreme cold of winter.
40
How do nacreous clouds hurt the ozone layer?
Nacreous clouds accelerate the chemical reactions that convert benign chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into ozone-destroying chlorine
41
Regarding cloud names, what does nimbus, cirrus, stratus and cumulus mean?
```
Cumulus = heap
Cirrus = curl
Stratus = layer
Nimbus = rain
```
42
Who was Luke Howard?
Skywatcher who started naming clouds back in 1802?
43
What are asperitas clouds? Where can they be seen?
0They are the first new type of cloud to be identified in over half a century. 2015 They consist of dark, chaotic waves that seem to swirl and tumble haphazardly across the sky.
Found in North American plains chasing connective thunderstorms
44
What is a Kelvin-Helmholtz wave?
Rare and fleeting cloud formation that can occur anywhere.
45
What causes Kelvin-Helmholtz waves? What is it a warning of?
swift, warm air flows over a colder, denser, more sluggish layer.
the difference in the speeds and densities of these fluids creates a shearing force where they meet, producing undulations in the boundary between the two.
46
In Mark 3:17 Jesus refers to brother John and James as
Boanerges, sons of thunder because of their temper, wanted to call down fire on Samaritan village in Luke 9:54
47
What’s interesting about the Movile caves in Romania.
In a deep underground cave, just discovered in 1986, in a carbon dioxide and Hydrogen sulphide rich atmosphere and sulphuric lakes lies an isolated ecosystem teeming with creepy crawlies.
48
What do the creatures in Movile caves eat?
The bacteria that comprise a film over the water.
49
Who was Mirabai/ Meera
A 16th century poet, devotee of shri Krishna, born into a royal
Family. Legendary figure, Bhakti and god Krishna we’re her thing. She continued in her devotion despite persecution.
50
Where does the term “grapes of wrath” come from?
It’s an allusion to Revelations 14:19-20
'So the angel swung his sickle to the earth and gathered the clusters from the vine of the earth, and threw them into the great wine press of the wrath of God.''
From Battle Hymn of the Republic”Glory Glory hallelujah song actual term, “grapes of wrath”
51
Who wrote ...”Glory Glory hallelujah song...his truth is marching on”?
Julia Howe in 1861 in time of Civil War.
52
When was the Civil War?
1861-1865
53
Who was the president of the confederacy?
Jefferson Davis
54
What happened to the Native American population between 1492-1600?
The Native American population declined by approximately 90% after Europeans arrived. The main cause of death was smallpox.
55
Which disciples were in Jesus’s inner circle?
Peter and brothers John and James (sons of thunder)
56
Which apostles were brothers?
Peter and Andrew
| John and James - sons of Zebedee
57
Where do scientists think water in Movile caves comes from and why?
Theorized water never touched surface, but cones from underground limestone. Water in caves contains no plant matter nor radioactive caesium or strontium from Chernobyl disaster.
58
What is “La Cancha de Bochas”?
One of many strange rock formations found in Argentina’s remote Valley of the Moon - Ischigualasto Provincial Park - beyond city of San Juan, that contain perfect sphere rock formations that look like balls strewn about the ground. Feels like another planet, many fossils and dinosaur bones (oldest found) found there.
Means (bocce court)
59
What are the Moeraki Boulders?
Large round, naturally occurring boulders on the Otago Coast in New Zealand.
60
In geology, what is concretion?
Often round rocks where mineral cement forms first around a piece of organic matter, usually embedded in a larger rock of a different composition and exposed when outside eroded away. Often mistaken for dinosaur eggs or fossilized turtle shells.
61
In Geology, what is septaria?
Angular cracks, often with calcite crystals inside, formed by drying of sediment from decomposed organic matter long ago when rock formed.
62
Where is the real Lost Lake in Oregon? Why is it called that?
In the Cascade Mountains, Central Oregon near small town on Sisters, never gets too deep. Approximately 79 acres. (There are around 19ish lakes named “Lost Lake in Oregon”
63
What happens to the water in Lost Lake, Cascade Mountains, Oregon?
It drains down a 6-7 foot lava tube in the Spring and becomes a quiet meadow. Then fills up again in the winter. Routinely, every year, without fail. Input exceeds drainage
64
What are penitentes?
Unusual, spiky snow formations that occur at high altitudes where the air is dry. Tall thin blades of hard, closely spaced ice or snow that can be meters high. Name means “penitent-shaped snows) look like Spanish monks in their white spiky hoods doing penance
65
What causes Nieves penitentes formations?
When suns rays cause evaporation/sublimation, ice directly to vapor. Tiny irregularities in the snows surface traps and reflects sunlight widening certain spaces.
66
Where in Antarctica is Blood Falls located?
Taylor Glacier, Mcmurdo Dry Valley. South of Australia.
67
What causes the red flow in Blood Falls, Antarctica?
Iron rich unusually salty water in a sub glacial rivers and lakes. High salt content keeps it from freezing.
68
What’s interesting about Lambay Island, Ireland?
It has wild wallabies living there. Wallabies can also be found living in the wild in Inchconnachan, Scotland, Isle of Man and in the Peak District?
69
What is the ferroelectric nematic phase
A liquid crystal phase where the charged molecules spontaneously fall into a polar ordered state with domains facing one direction.
70
What is nematic liquid crystal?
The substance used in lcd screens/displays Liquid Crystal Display. Nematic means threadlike. (Molecules align themselves in threads) One end of the molecule is positive, the other negative, nematic liquid crystal causes polarization of light waves that passes through it. Amount of polarization can be changed depending on applied voltage.
71
What is the liquid crystal phase?
Molecules aren’t ordered like a liquid, but there is some structure. Flow like a liquid, but molecules oriented in a crystal like way.
72
Who first discovered the properties of liquid crystal?
Friedrich Reinitzer in 1888 discovered liquid crystal accidentally as he was studying carrots. Cholesteryl benzoate, a substance found in carrots, seemed to have two melting points, melts and becomes cloudy, then clear at another temperature and could reflect polarized light and rotate polarization direction.
73
Another European island that had wallabies?
Loch Lomond Scotland, Inchconnachan, deliberately introduced by Lady Arran Colquhoun (Fiona Bryde Colquhoun
74
What is a capercaillie?
A large game bird, type of grouse, found now only in Scotland, lives in less dense pine forests.
75
What does polarized light mean?
Waves oscillate and hit eye/ surface on only one plane.
76
How does a polarizer work?
It reflects or absorbs all waves oscillating on undesired plane.
77
What are liquid crystals two possible substates or phases?
Nematic and smectic
78
What’s the difference between nematic and smectic liquid crystal substates?
Nematic: molecules can move around and shuffle past each other but stay mostly facing same direction, like matches.
Smectic: once cooled, form into layers that can slide past each other but don’t move into other layers
79
How do nematic liquid crystals work in an lcd screen?
Molecules have a twisted up/viewing spiral straight on structure. When electricity is applied, they straighten out and allow light through.
80
What are liquid crystals in lcd made of?
Polymeric organic molecules
| Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
81
What are polymers?
Very large, long, macromolecules comprised of repeating subunits
82
Names of the two babies born on the Mayflower?
Oceanus Hopkins and Peregrine White.
83
Who was Massasoit?
Native American chief of Wampanoag entered into 50 year treaty with pilgrims and helped them learn to farm.
Mutual defense agreement. Pilgrims helped fight Massasoit’s enemies.
84
Pilgrim’s colony was established in...
A dead Patuxet village still with corpses in it, theorized died from smallpox from traders, Squanto last of Patuxet tribe.
85
What does cholesteric mean with regards to microbiology?
Arranged in a helix, like DNA
86
Where is liquid crystal in nature?
DNA simple life forms, cellulose in plants, collagen in bones, chitin in bug exoskeletons, cornea, fish scales. Responsible for iridescence in nature.
87
What are biomimetics?
Study of structure of biological substances with hopes of producing said substances artificially.
88
William McGuffey is most famous for?
Creating the McGuffey readers, first widely used series of elementary school textbooks.
1800-1873 books used up till 1960s
William Holmes McGuffey
89
When was the McGuffey reader first published? How did it differ from modern textbooks?
1836
Contained religious messages and sought to instill morality in its readers, was a long standing bestseller next to the Bible and Webster’s Dictionary.
90
What are badlands?
Dry, Hard to traverse areas of canyons of loose rock and mud with little vegetation. Badlands tend to be full of color allowing one to see many layers and strange rock formations. Very old eroded down mountains.
91
The name badlands comes from?
Lakota called Region of Western North Dakota “maco sica ” which roughly translates to bad land. French traders also referred to it as bad land to travel.
92
Ganges (Ganga) River runs...
Through northern India, gets water from Himalayas and empties in Bay of Bengal in Bangladesh.
93
Where’s Indus River?
Runs through Eastern side of Pakistan
94
Where Punjab region of India?
Small region, northwest bordering on Pakistan
95
Where are badlands found in the United States?
Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota, Badlands National Park South Dakota, Hells Half-Half Acre, Natrona County Wyoming, Toadstool Geologic Park, in NW corner of Nebraska, Makoshika State Park, Montana, Honeycomb Buttes, Red Desert, Wyoming, Painted Hills, Blue Basin John Day fossil beds National Monument, Oregon, The Pillar of Rome, Owyhee River Oregon, Blast zone badlands, Mount Saint Helens, South Washington Cascades,The Chinle Badlands, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Ut, The Painted Desert, AZ, Bisti Badlands, San Juan Basin, NM, Zabriskie Point, Death Valley, Ca
96
What was Ira Petrine known for?
Ira Burton Perrine 1861-1943, a farmer, rancher and businessman, He founded Twin Falls, Idaho along Snake River Canyon, irrigation pioneer t
97
What are the three main types of rock?
Igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary.
98
What is Igneous rock?
Rocks formed from melted material, from lava.
99
What’s intrusive and extrusive igneous rock?
Intrusive: cools slowly under earths crust and creates large crystals
Extrusive: cools quickly on earths surface and creates small crystals
100
What is Rhyolite?
A ghost town in Nye County, NV
An extrusive igneous rock with high silica content, pale in color, buggy and not useful in construction nor manufacturing but can have gemstones within it
101
Why is Thousand Island dressing called that?
Named after Thousand Islands, New York where it was first prepared by Sophie Lalonde, famous people liked it and it made its way to the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York
102
What’s in Thousand Island Dressing?
Mayonnaise, ketchup, pickle relish, vinegar are main ingredients olive oil, lemon juice, paprika, onions,
103
What’s Worcester sauce made of?
Aged mixture of anchovies , onions and garlic
Malt, spirit vinegar, molasses, red onions, garlic, anchovies, tamarind
104
Who invented Worcester sauce?
2 chemist, John Wheeley Lea and William Perrins, mixed it, hated it, left in in their cellar, came back after awhile and it was food bc needs to ferment, went on sale first in 1837
105
What does Charlie Brown’s dad to for a living?
He’s a barber
106
What is a riparian habitat
Habitat along a moving water source such as a freshwater river or stream, that is surrounded by vegetation
107
Which predator tends to eat skunks?
The Great Horned Owl.
108
What causes geysers?
When water underground meets magma, it becomes steam quickly and pressure builds up
109
Besides Yellowstone, where else in the world can geysers be found?
Russia, Kamchatka, New Zealand, el Tatio, North Chile, Nevada, Minas Gerais Brazil, Haukadalir, Iceland, Sapareva Banya, Bulgaria, Sijarinska Banja, Serbia,
110
Ganges is polluted with...
Flower wreathes, hundreds of times the safe levels of fecal bacteria, ashes of the dead and some whole corpses
111
There are approximately how many geysers in the world? Most of which are in?
1000
Yellowstone National Park
112
Worlds seven most spectacular geysers?
Old Faithful
El Tatio, largest field of geysers, Andes, Atacama
The Great Geysir, Iceland
The Lady Knox Geyser, New Zealand
Steamboat Geyser, Yellowstone
The Andernach Geyser, Germany cold water, caused by carbon dioxide
Suwa Geyser, Japan
113
Second biggest geyser area in world
Kamchatka, Russia, valley of geysers
114
Who was Samuel Coleridge-Taylor?
An English composer of mixed race in early 1900s
115
What are some of Coleridge-Taylor’s most noteworthy works?
The Song of Hiawatha, a trilogy of cantatas based on epic poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow about and Indian warrior and his love, Minnehaha
Also, African Suite, Summer is Gone, Moorish Dance
116
Who was Ji Kang?
Lived 224-264 AD, Chinese Daoist philosopher, born into influential family, alchemist and poet. Member of Seven Sages of Bamboo Grove, his ideas and behavior were considered scandalous and subversive. Was executed at 39
117
What’s the difference between a cantata and sonata?
Cantata has vocal parts, a sonata is just instrumental
118
What’s an iconoclast?
1 : a person who attacks settled beliefs or institutions
| 2 : a person who destroys religious images or opposes their veneration
119
Who was Zeus’s father in Greek mythology?
Kronos/Cronus
120
Who was Zeus’s mother?
Rhea
121
What are blemmyes?
Headless beings with faces in their chests believed to inhabit the edges of civilization such as Western Libya and northern Nile. Later, in 15th century, in Guyana.
122
What region is/was considered Nubia?
South of Egypt. Sudan. Kush
123
Ji Kang’s legendary song that was never taught to anyone else?
Guang Lin San.”
124
What were Ji Kang’s beliefs?
Rejected hierarchy and complicated social etiquette. Liked to be in nature, wear his hair untied which was considered impolite.
He believed that all distinctions between rich and poor, weak and powerful, and right and wrong should be eliminated. To that end, he scandalized Confucians of his day, who believed that the elite should not engage in manual labour, by becoming an accomplished metalworker and busying himself with alchemical studies.
125
Ji Kang’s main friend in the Seven Sages of Bamboo Grove?
Ruan Ji
126
When did Taoism and Confuciusism start
Tao: Lao Tzu legendary, Confucius is historical
| 500 BC
127
Core distinction between Taoism and Confucianism?
C deals with harmony between people and society
Tao is more spiritual, to be in harmony with nature, God
128
When did ice cream become more widely available?
Late 1800s
| Late 19 century were able to mass produce it
129
Early accounts of enjoying snow cones?
King Solomon
Nero ( snow flavored with fruit juice)
Alexander the Great (snow and ice flavored with nectar)
130
Early accounts of ice cream?
Charles I ate “cream ice” in 17th century (1600s)
1553 Italian Catherine de Medici, wife of Henry II of France
Thomas Jefferson and George Washington enjoyed ice cream. Dolly Madison served strawberry ice cream at 1813 inaugural banquet
131
Significance of Il Procope?
First cafe to open in Paris in 1686 by Sicilian man named Franceso Procopio dei Coltelli. Here gelato was first served.
132
Who made “sorbetto” for Catherine/Caterina De’Medici?
Ruggeri, a chicken farmer who entered a contest for “most amazing food ever” Tuscany
133
Besides for taste, why is sugar added to ice cream?
Sugar controls the amount of ice formed during freezing, makes it scoopable not a big frozen block, and resistant to melting.
134
When and by whom was the refrigerator invented?
Jacob Perkins in 1834 in London, first vapor compression refrigeration system.
135
How did William Cullen contribute to the invention of refrigerators?
In 1740s, Scottish scientist, Cullen invented first form of artificial refrigeration. He showed how a rapid heating of a liquid to gas could produce cooling. Never turned his theory into practice, a practical invention
136
When did refrigerators first become common in homes?
1945 after WWII
Practical fridges first intro yin 1915, wider acceptance in US in 1930s as prices fell and non-toxic substances were used
137
Who invented air conditioning?
Willis Haviland Carrier in 1902
138
When was air conditioning more common and affordable?
1950s, helped by American prosperity after WWII
139
How did people keep things cool before invention of refrigerators?
Iceboxes, (late 1800s) an insulated box with ice in it, caves and streams, frozen in a lake, cool pantry on side of house away from sun with only a small window, cellars, wealthy could get ice, harvest ice and store it, sawdust and straw make good insulators
140
One horrible result of deforestation and loss of chimp habitat in Uganda?
The chimps snatch and murder babies and toddlers.
141
How’re dipping dots made?
Cryogenic encapsulation, mixing ice cream with liquid nitrogen (-300•)
142
Who invented Dippin Dots?
Curt Jones in 1988. A microbiologist with a background in cryogenics who was trying to flash freeze animal food.
143
Who invented Slurpees/Icees/Squishiest?
Omar Knedlik Kansas City n late 1950s,. His soda fountain broke so he froze the bottles which made them slushy and people liked that.
144
What is ice cream made from?
Milk, cream, sugar and whatever gives it its flavor.
145
What is emulsion?
a fine dispersion of minute droplets of one liquid in another in which it is not soluble or miscible.(no changes in what elements are bonded to each other)
Miscible = soluble
146
What’s the difference between sorbet,sherbet, gelato, custard and ice cream?
Sorbet is just fruit and ice. No dairy
Sherbet is sorbet with some milk
Gelato: Italian word for ice cream but more sugar, less milk fat. Denser softer glossier
Custard contains egg yolk
147
Under what conditions will water boil and freeze?
In a vacuum. Suck out the air, reduce the air pressure and you produce boiling.
148
What holiday do Hindu people celebrate in fall/winter?
Deewali Diwali, five day Festival of Lights, in October or November with dates varying each year.
149
A Megapode is a type of what with what behavior?
Fowl, incubates it’s eggs with heat, near a volcano, on a sunny beach or in mound of decaying vegetation.
150
What are some examples of megapodes?
Malleefowl, maleo, incubator bird, volcano bird, mound builder, orange- footed scrub fowl, brush turkey, talegalla ( some may be same bird)
3 kinds: scrub fowl, brush turkeys, and malleefowl
151
What’s interesting about Maleo chicks?
They are born extremely strong and independent first they dig themselves out of about a meter of dirt, then they start running and even flying. Parents leave nest never to return. Maleo’s live in Sulawesi.
152
What islands comprise Indonesia?
Sumatra, Java, Borneo, New Guinea, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku Islands, Bali, Lombok, Flores
Nusa Tenggara
153
Jakarta is on what Indonesian Island?
Java
154
Where in Indonesia is the Kalimantan region?
Borneo
155
What’s the closest star to earth?
Proxima Centauri
156
Fowl in terms of bird biology means?
A biological order, waterfowl and land fowl, the kind of bird that tends to be eaten, fleshy and produces a lot of eggs.
Clade: Galloanserae, galliformes
Live mostly on the ground, can’t fly long distances
157
Who wrote Lamentations?
Jeremiah
158
What holidays do Muslims celebrate?
Ramadan (month of fasting) Eid ul-Fitr (end of month of fasting
Eid ul-Adha (festival of sacrifice) end of Haji (4 day holiday)
159
When is Ramadan
Not at the same time every year because it’s set according to Muslim lunar calendar not the Gregorian one.
160
“Hallelujah” literally means...
Praise God! Joyously
“Hallelu” praise joyously
Yah = God
161
What’s interesting about the Kawah Ijen volcano in Java, Indonesia?
It erupts blue lava, blue light
162
What causes the blue light of Kawah Ijen?
Not lava, but sulphuric gases that emerge from cracks at high pressures and temperatures, and ignite when coming into contact with the air.
163
In 1949 Portuguese neurologist, Antonio Egas Moniz won the Nobel prize for inventing...
The lobotomy
164
What years were lobotomies performed?
1940s to mid 1950s when First of effective psychiatric drugs were introduced
165
What is a leucotome?
Instrument used for performing lobotomies or leucotomies
166
How were Moniz’s lobotomies different different from Freeman’s?
Moniz injected alcohol into the brain. Freeman surgically severed frontal lobe’s connection to thalamus
167
Who were most prolific lobotomy doctors in England and the US?
US: Walter Freeman II (pioneered transorbital lobotomy
UK Sir Wylie McKissock
168
Walter Freeman II greatest failure:
President John F. Kennedy’s sister, Rosemary, who was severely disabled afterwards
169
Who wrote “One flew over the cuckoo’s nest”
Ken Kesey
170
Who are the characters of “One flew over the cuckoo’s nest”
Chief Bromden
Nurse Ratched
Randle McMurphy
171
The first Stuart, James I, was significant because...
Joined nations of England and Scotland for the first time. He was known as James VI in Scotland.
Also known for King James Bible
172
The Stuart era was followed by?
The Georgian era (4 kings named George) the Hanover’s of Germany
173
Stuart era also included...
Great Plague 1665
Great fire of London 1666
(Charles II) reign
174
Who was Hercules Mulligan?
A tailor, friend of Alexander Hamilton, Son of Liberty, as a tailor he served high ranking British officials and got them to talk. His information saved Washington on at least two occasions.
175
When was Georgian Period?
1714-1830
176
Georgian period included...
Revolutionary War, Industrial Revolution, Jane Austen, Mary Shelley, Lord Byron, Percy Shelley, John Keats,
177
After Georgian period came...
Victorian era
178
Who was author, Mary Shelley’s mother?
Mary Wollstonecraft, philosopher, feminist
179
What are some of the books Jane Austen wrote?
Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, Emma, Mansfield Park
180
Which Queen was Bloody Mary?
Elizabeth I’s half sister, both daughters of Henry VIII, reigned before Elizabeth I, returned England to Roman Catholicism and burned Protestants at the stake (over 300) including famous martyrs Bishop Nicholas Ridley and Father Hugh Latimer
181
What is the mutual relationship between bats and pitcher plants in Borneo’s peat forests?
The bats rest and poop inside of them. The carnivorous plant gains needed nutrients especially Nitrogen from the bat poop. This type of pitcher plant is higher in trees and doesn’t collects as many insects.
182
What is symbiosis and mutualism
Mutualism is a type of symbiosis. In mutualism the species benefit from each other. Symbiosis is a close prolonged relationship of any kind between two organisms of different species.
183
What is Puritanism?
A religious reform movement on the late 16th (1500s) and 17th century, that rejected the non-biblical elements of worship found in the Catholic Church. The believed the reformed Church of England needed to be further purified of Catholic elements. Their moral and spiritual values and noteworthy earnestness permeated their entire lives. They believed government should enforce their values. Many New England Colonists were Puritans.
184
Puritan beliefs
You get to Heaven by working hard.
No pointless enjoyment
Sports, theater, inns were closed. Makeup and colorful dresses were banned. Holiday feasts should be fasts, Christmas decorations banned, Couldn’t work on Sunday or even take a walk. In America gambling, smoking and living with Indians wasn’t allowed. They can hunt for Sport and drink alcohol but not get drunk.
185
What infamous massacre happened on September 11, 1649?
Oliver Cromwell perpetrated the worst massacre In Ireland’s history in Drogheda and then went on to Wexford.
186
Why did Cromwell invade Ireland?
England always thought it should rule Ireland and did in Henry VIII and Elizabeth I’d time. Protestant settlers were sent to Ireland to Ulster and Munster Counties in Northern Ireland to dispossess the Irish Catholics land. In 1641 rebels attacked and killed them.
187
Pi to 5 places
3.14159
188
What were some of the first refrigerants?
Ammonia, methyl chloride and sulphur dioxide which are toxic and caused some fatal accidents in the 1920s.
189
How did William Cullen’s invention work?
He used a pump to create a vacuum over a container of diethyl ether which then boiled, absorbing heat from the surroundings.
Quickly expanding vapor requires kinetic energy which it draws from immediate area.
190
In what year was the Louisiana Purchase made?
1803
191
Which president made the Louisiana Purchase and for how much?
Thomas Jefferson
15 million
Bought from Napoleon
192
When did Plantagenets rule?
1154-1485 (before Tudors)
193
Plantagenets also know as...
Angevin Dynasty, house of Anjou. Anjou is a region in France. Plantagenet became a surname later
194
Who were the Angevin Kings?
Angevins:
King Henry II 1154-1189
King Richard I the Lionheart 1189-1199
King John I 1199-12-16
195
Who were the Plantagenet Kings?
```
Henry III 1216-1272
Edward I
Edward II Piers Galveston guy
Edward III
Richard II 1377-1399
```
196
England’s monarchs collectively known as Plantagenets can be divided into what 3 (or maybe 4) groups?
1. Angevins from Anjou France
2. Plantagenets
3. House of Lancaster
4. House of York
Lancaster and York first truly English Kings
197
Who was the first queen of England?
Mary I (Bloody Mary) a Tudor, Henry VIII daughter.
198
Who were the Normans?
Descendants of the Vikings who had conquered and settled Northeast France (Normandy) French word “Normand” means Norseman
199
Who were the Norman Kings of England after Battle of Hastings?
William I (William the Conqueror)
William II (Rufus)
Henry I
Stephen
200
On The Simpsons, what’s Smithers first name?
Waylon
201
Who sings “Copacabana”
Barry Manilow
202
When was the Victorian Era?
1837-1901
203
What are some things that happened during Queen Victoria reign?
Telegraph invented, first railroad and postage stamp, telephone invented later in her life, Jack the Ripper, Charles Darwin, Charles Dickens, Irish Potato Famine, sanitation reform
204
When did Britain abolish slavery?
Royal Assent in 1833
Took effect 1834
Called “Slavery Abolition Act”
205
How do homing pigeons know where to go?
You can’t just give them any address, they can only find their way to their home, so you take a pigeon with you from the place you will send the message. Scientists still aren’t completely sure how they find their way home from distances over 1,000 miles.
206
When did the Ottoman Empire exist?
Approximately 1300 AD-1922
It was on the wrong side of WWI
207
How far did the Ottoman Empire reach?
Africa, Northern Algeria-all Egypt, all around Red Sea. Europe Yugoslavia, Greece, Hungary, Romania, Southern Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Middle East, Iraq, almost all around Black Sea
208
Conquering Ottoman rulers?
Mehmed II, Selim I, Suleiman I most celebrated ruler
209
What is a trope
In the arts, anything that gets used often enough to be recognized.
2. a common or overused theme or device : CLICHÉ
the usual horror movie tropes
3. a word or expression used in a figurative sense : FIGURE OF SPEECH
210
What/where is Tangier/Tangiers?
A Moroccan port city on the straight of Gibraltar.
211
What does “Serengeti” mean?
“Endless plains” in Maasai
212
What are the Maasai?
Ethic group living in Kenya and Tanzania around the Serengeti.
213
Where is the Serengeti?
Northern Tanzania and Southern Kenya
214
Where’s Bukhansan National Park?
A National Park right outside Seoul, South Korea.
215
Who was the first Sultan of the Ottoman Empire?
Osman I
Started in a small region of Turkey
216
In Simpson’s Ned’s parents were...
Beatnicks
217
What year did Albania become and Independent nation?
1912
218
When did King Zog rule Albania?
1925-1928 as president
1928-1939 as King
219
What is “shqiptarë”
Pronounced Shkip’ tair
How Albanians refer to themselves
Means sons of Eagles and shqip everything Albanian
220
Where and when was Illyria?
1000-500? BC
Taken over by Rome 200 BC
East side of Adriatic Sea, Albania, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia
221
What is rhotacism?
A pronunciation characteristic of a language changing r sound to something else or another consonant to and r.
Defective r pronunciation
222
What are Albanians two main cultural groups?
```
The Ghegs, Gegs (Northern)
And Tosks (Southern)
```
223
Review: Artichoke King?
Sam the banana man
Ciro Terranova (Artichoke King)
Samuel Zemurray (Banana Man)
224
Define penumbra
the partially shaded outer region of the shadow cast by an opaque object.
ASTRONOMY
the shadow cast by the earth or moon over an area experiencing a partial eclipse.
ASTRONOMY
the less dark outer part of a sunspot, surrounding the dark core.
225
What leads to locust swarms?
When an arid area receives heavier than normal rains and produces a lot of vegetation, the insects breed like crazy.
226
In Antonio Canova’s sculpture “The Three Graces” who are the women supposed to be?
Mythological characters, the three daughters of Zeus: each being able to bestow a certain gift to humanity, Euphrosyne (mirth) Aglaia (elegance) and Thalia, (youth and beauty)
227
What does “cytokine storm” mean?
An excessive immune response where cytokines, cell signaling proteins, that trigger an inflammatory response, start attacking healthy cells and producing more fluid than lungs can expel. Causes ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome.
228
Pneumonia means what exactly is happening to the lungs?
Alveoli become inflamed
229
Who was Skanderbeg?
An Albanian hero who resisted Ottoman rule. Real name Gjergj Kastrioti of the royal family of Emathia,. Raised as prisoner in Sultan’s home as a Muslim and given name Iksander after Alexander the Great, also a bey, hence “Skankerbeg” 1444-1466 successfully resisted turks and was known throughout western world. Allied with Italy and Pope.
230
Who’s considered the founder/ inventor of the metric system?
Gabriel Mouton, a church vicar in Lyon, France. First proposed in 1670.
231
History of metric system
Originated in France, officially adopted there in 1795, first proposed by Mouton in 1670,
From Greek word “metron” or measure
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Gabriel Mouton determined the Metric system’s measure based on...?
A fraction of the earth’s circumference
233
What are viruses made of?
No organelles like a cell, just DNA or RNA in a protein capsule, (capsid) and a membrane.
It has to enter a cell and use its copying mechanisms to reproduce.
234
What is a coronavirus?
Name “corona” comes from spiky proteins on surface that help to infect cells.
235
What’s a virion and a virocell?
Virion is the capsid-enclosed bits of genome, not alive, more like a seed, the virus outside a cell,
Once it invades a cell and starts copying itself, that and that cell becomes a virocell which is alive
Patrick Forterre came up with this
236
New school of thought about viruses effects on our lives? They don’t just get us sick. It’s possible they...
Change living things DNA over time spurring on some positive changes and adaptations. Viruses need to get into cell nucleus to reproduce themselves.
Spur on evolution
237
What’s interesting about the new reptile species found in Madagascar?
A chameleon the size a sunflower seed (brookesia nana) B. Nana. May be smallest reptile species in world.
Brookesia micra formerly smallest lizard also in Madagascar or on an island
238
What is Hawking Radiation?
Theoretically, at the edge of black holes, when particle and antiparticle pairs blip into existence, they don’t annihilate each other because one falls into the black hole and the other escapes. The Hawking radiation is the particles who’s pairs fell in. Shown by mathematics only.
239
Difference between te amo and te quiero in Spanish.
Te quiero is used with everyone
Te amo is just significant other
“Media naranja”
240
What’s interesting about the Sutton Hoo excavation?
Believed to be one of the last Anglo-Saxon ship burials. Never looted so found treasure that showed fine objects from around the world. Reflected some aspects thought previously to be strictly fictional from Beowulf.
241
When is it believed the Sutton-Hoo ship was buried?
Late 7th century, 600 AD
242
How do the Khasi in India make their root bridges? What are the root bridges benefits?
Tree trunks are planted on each side of the bank. Over the course of 15 to 30 years Khasi slowly thread ficus elastics roots across a temporary bamboo scaffolding that spans the gap. Humidity and foot traffic compact the soil over time and roots grow thick and strong. Root bridges become stronger with age, can survive centuries, sustainable, low cost, storm resistant
243
Where does Formic acid get its name?
Formica is the Latin word for ant. Formic acid is the stuff inside ants.
244
When were the Dark Ages in European history?
476-800 AD
500-1000 AD
More pc to call it Migration Period or Early Middle Ages
245
“Dark Ages” characterized by...
End of Roman empire, shift away from urban life, frequent warfare, migration of “barbarian” pagan people such as Huns, Goths, Vandals, Bulgars, Alani, Suebi and Franks, into what had been Western Roman Empire
246
What is epithelium?
Epithelial tissue forms the lining of our body parts. Cells are packed closely together with very little stuff in between them.
Contain no blood vessels so must receive nourishment via diffusion from other layers.
247
Function of epithelial cells,
Protection, filtration, absorption, excretion, sensation
248
Where in the body can epithelial tissue be found?
The skin, lining of organs and blood vessels, glands
249
Because of the BBB circulating molecules can only gain access to the brain by what 2 processes?
1. Lipid-mediated transport by free diffusion (must have small molecular mass and be lipid soluble)
2. Catalyzed transport
250
What roots are the Meghalaya root bridges made of?
Aerial roots from ficus elastica. Aerial roots are above ground.
251
What’s the difference between epithelial and endothelial cells?
Endothelial are a special type of epithelial. Endothelial cells line the interior of the circulatory system.
252
What’s a phenotype?
Genetic expression. Physical or biochemical traits that come from the genes.
253
In epithelial cells, the apical surface refers to...
The surface facing out. The basal surface is attached to the basement membrane. The apical and basal surfaces have different functions and chemical compositions.
254
What are the unique features of the blood brain barrier?
1. Endothelial cells are different from those lining the rest of the circulatory system.
2. BBB endothelial cells have very tight apical junctions that limit passive diffusion.
3. Cells contain transporters that actively control what is brought from blood to brain.
4. Basolateral transporters remove toxins from brain into blood
5. Lack of fenestrations
6. Very low rate of pinocytosis
7. High number of mitochondria bc high metabolic activity
255
What are fenestrations in cells?
Round or ovoid trans cellular holes found in endothelium where higher rate of exchange is required.
256
Which cells tend to have fenestrations?
Endocrine tissue like pancreatic islets and adrenal cortex, gastrointestinal mucosa and renal peritubular arteries
257
In cell biology, what is pinocytosis?
the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane.
258
In cell biology, what is passive diffusion?
When something is transported easily across the cell membrane without the cell using any energy. Molecule moves naturally across like rolling a stone down a hill.
259
What is parenchyma?
The functional tissue or a tumor as opposed to stroma, structural or connective tissue
260
With regards to the blood brain barrier, what does luminal and abluminal mean?
Luminal: blood facing, interior of blood vessels
Abluminal: brain facing
261
With regards to cells, what are the three types of catalyzed transport?
1. Carrier mediated transport (CMT):
2. Active Efflux transporters
3. Receptor mediated transporters (RMT)
262
What is carrier mediated transport more specifically?
Carrier mediated transport (CMT): protein in cell membrane recognize target molecules and transport them across cell.
263
What are active efflux transporters?
AET: transport molecules out of cell into brain on basolateral side.
264
What are receptor mediated transporters?
RMT: receptor protein on cell membrane captures target molecule. Then a vesicle is formed that takes receptor and target molecule into cell.
265
What are astrocytes and pericytes?
Astrocytes: a numerous and specialized type of glial cell: synaptic support, regulates blood flow, most numerous cell in CNS, secretes barrier stimulating and inhibiting signals, communicates with pericytes
Pericytes: cell’s embedded within the walls of capillaries regulate blood flow, capillary growth and maintenance, maintenance of blood brain barrier
266
What is paracrine signaling in cell biology.
Cell to cell communication such as what happens at à synapse.
267
When did Nevada become a state?
October 31, 1864
268
I’m really sad in French.
Je suis vraiment triste.
269
Were Nubia and Kush the same thing?
Kush was part of Nubia
Kush is the indigenous name. Nubia was later name for same region. “Nubia” derived from Egyptian word for gold “nub”
It’s all Northern Sudan
270
How do Meroë Pyramids compare to Egyptian.
Meroë was the later capital (1059 BC-350AD) of Kush/Nubia, south of Egypt also along the Nile.The pyramids are smaller and more numerous.
Many have flat tops or the original points are gone.
271
Meaning of name “Paul” versus “Saul”.
Saul = asked for/prayed for
Paul = small/humble
272
Where is Chukotka
The northeasternmost tip of Russia, close to Alaska, above Kamchatka. Also called Chukchi Peninsula.
273
Where are Lavrentiya, Anadyr, Provideniya, Pelek, and Bilibino?
Northeasternmost region of Siberia/Russia, Chukotka Peninsula
274
Who are the indigenous people of Chukotka?
Yupik and Chukchi
275
Who saved the world during the Cuban Missile Crisis and how?
Vasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov, a Soviet Naval Officer in a Soviet sub in the Caribbean that carried a nuclear missile, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, talked submarine commander, Valentin Savitzky out of firing the nuclear warhead.
276
When was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
October 1962
277
Who Inhabited the Iosepa ghost town and when?
Hawaiian Mormon coverts who immigrated from the islands. The town existed 1889-1917.
278
Where is what’s left of Iosepa and why was it called “Iosepa”?
Skull Valley, Tooele County, West South of Route 80.
Iosepa is Joseph in Hawaiian (named after Joseph Smith)
279
Why was Iosepa abandoned?
In 1917, Joseph Smith wrote them a letter to vacate and return to Hawaii to build the Mormon temple in La’ie. LDS won’t allow anyone to see other correspondence and documents that would help explain this. This came Six years after the town was becoming viable after much hard work and struggle from the Hawaiian immigrants
280
When did the Western Roman Empire fall?
476 AD, fall of Romulus Augustulus of Western Empire, defeated by Germanic Odoacer.
Eastern Empire and Emperor remained.
281
Who sacked Rome in AD 410?
Alaric I, a Visigoth, (Germanic, anciently descended from Scandinavia.
282
What surprising discovery did geologist, James Smith make while drilling through the Filchner-Ronne Ice shelf in Antarctica to get a sample of sediment from the sea floor,
It hit a boulder that was teeming with stationary life stuck to it, sponges and stalked animals. Surprising how they could find enough to eat under miles of ice. 160 miles from the edge of the shelf where water gets sunlight.
283
What does sessile mean?
Stuck in place, said of an organism.
284
Where are the Yamal and Gyda peninsulas?
Northern Russia, within the Arctic Circle east of Russi.
285
What’s causing the mysterious craters that have been suddenly appearing on the Yamal and Gyda Peninsulas in Russia?
Build up of Methane gas, causes a mound, then explodes as permafrost surface thaws and weakens.
286
Reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire 8
1. The barbarians
2. Economic troubles, shortage of slave labor, high up corruption, no new territory = no new slaves
3. empires split and didn’t work together
4. Overexpansion
5. Corruption and instability, bad emperors, many assasinations
6. Huns pushed barbarians their way
7. Mistreatment of Goths made an enemy
8. Weakening of military, hired mercenaries and foreigners
287
Who wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin?”
Harriet Beecher Stowe
288
Why were Dark Ages historically called “ dark”
Bias towards Roman and Greek empires and their accomplishments.
Romans used concrete, that stopped
Lower literacy
Claim of no great leaders or scientific advancements
Church influence suppressed science
289
“Dark ages” did see advancement in...
Agriculture, farming the land
290
Who was William Lloyd Garrison?
Journalist, abolitionist, publisher of “The Liberator”
291
What presidents are on Mount Rushmore?
George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
Abraham Lincoln
Theodore Roosevelt
292
Which amendment abolished slavery and when?
13th Amendment, January 13, 1865
293
How was Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction hindered after his assassination?
His Vice President, Andrew Johnson was sympathetic towards the south, gave blanket pardons to confederate officials, and made no attempt to integrate black people into society, allowed confederate to come into power and oppress them in similar ways.
294
Where are the Caucasus Mountains?
On the border of Europe and Asia between Black and Caspian Sea. In Russia and Georgia
295
Who was Lamech in the Bible?
Noah’s father, son of Methuselah, first instance of polygamy mentioned in the Bible. Genesis 2:24
296
When was the Mongol Empire?
1200s and 1400s, beginning 1206 with Ghengis Khan
297
What was the largest contiguous land empire in world history?
Mongol Empire
298
How far did the Mongol Empire reach?
China to the Black Sea to Iraq
299
What contributed to the success of the Mongol Armies?
All were on horseback
Well organized signals and messenger system
Used mainly bows and arrows
Only did hand to hand after disorganized enemies ranks
300
Famous Mongol leaders?
Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, Batu Khan
301
How were Huns different from Mongols? How were they similar?
Huns conquered in 4th-6th centuries
Mongols 1200-1400
Both very skilled on horseback and known for brutality
302
What’s a grampus?
A whale or big dolphin
303
In language, what’s an indefinite article?
A, an, some, not “the”
| Not a specific one of the noun
