Trivia 7 Flashcards
(276 cards)
1
Q
What is a nephron?
A
The funcional part of the Kidney. Its long exteremely thin tubules. That filter the blood and produce urine.
2
Q
What is the Bowman’s capsule or renal renal corpuscular capsule?
A
A structure in the kidneys that encloses a cluster of microscopic blood vessels called glomerulus.
3
Q
What is the two step filtering process done in the nephrons?
A
The tiny glomerulus filters the blood and the tubules return needed substances to the blood and remove waste..
4
Q
What is removed from the blood in the glomerulus?
A
Smaller molecules (waste and water) proteins and red blood cells stay
5
Q
What do the tubules after the glomerulus do?
A
Reabsorbs water and nutrients body needs.
6
Q
What are the five tubular structures that blood goes through in a nephron?
A
Bowman’s capsule (glomerulus) proximal tubule, Loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct
7
Q
Which tubule in the nephron establishes a salt gradient
A
The Loop of Henle
8
Q
Five steps blood in nephrons go through
A
- Ultrafiltration
- Selective reabsorption
- Salt gradient
- More selective réabsorption
- Water retention
9
Q
In ancient Greece, what was the path of anopaia? Why was it significant in the Battle of Thermopylae?
A
Anopaia path was a shepherds trail that goes above the Thermopylae pass. A treacherous shepherd told the Persians about it allowing them to maneauver around the Greeks.
10
Q
Characteristics of the Thermopylae pass
A
Very narrow at three points where only one cart could go through at a time. At the middle “gate” was a hot spring. Thermopylae means “hot gates” Phocians built a wall previously close to the Malian Gulf. Four miles long.
11
Q
Though they all died, what was the benefit of Leonidas and his 300 fighting the Persians?
A
Their last stand allowed the bulk of the Greek army time to retreat and regroup in tact.
12
Q
When was the Mughal Empire?
A
1526 to 1857
13
Q
How far did the Mughal Empire reach?
A
All of India and Pakistan, Iran Afghanistan, Uzbekistan. At its peak in the 1600s, it was the largest and wealthiest in the world.
14
Q
Who founded the Mughal Empire. Who was he descended from?
A
Babur, a descendent of Ghenghis Khan. Mughal means “Mongol”
15
Q
What does Taj Mahal” mean in Persian?
A
Crown Palace
16
Q
What was the name of the Taj Mahal’s muse?
A
Born Arjumand Banu Begum in 1593. Shah Jahan renamed her Mumtaz Mahal.
17
Q
First six Mughal leaders
A
- Babur
- Humayun
- Akbar the Great
4 Jahangir - Shah Jahan
- Aurangzeb (Alamgir)
18
Q
What was Shah Jahan’s birth name
A
Prince Khurram
19
Q
Story of Jahan and Mumtaz
A
They met as teenagers. He fell in love on site. She was from Persian nobility. Her father was Jahangir’s brother in law. Betrothed for 5 years and married when court astrologers deemed best. She traveled with him and never left his side. Gave him 14 kids. Jahan married two others for political reasons, but never married after her death.
20
Q
How did Mumtaz die?
A
Died giving birth to their fourteenth child while on a military campaign
21
Q
Significance of the Agra Fort?
A
Made of red sandstone, Shah Jahan spent his final years imprisoned there by his usurper son where he could see the Taj Mahal.
22
Q
What does chamfer mean?
A
cut a furrow in (something, such as a column) : GROOVE
2 : to make a chamfer on : BEVEL
chamfer noun
Definition of chamfer (Entry 2 of 2)
: a beveled edge
23
Q
What is the Taj Mahal made of? Features if its architecture?
A
White marble. Architecture is geometrically perfect and balanced.
24
Q
King George IV’s only child?
A
Princess Charlotte who died in childbirth
25
Who was Lucretia Mott?
An early abolitionist and advocate of women’s rights. She was raised a quaker and was a powerful orator. Early 1800s
26
What did Lucretia Mott do?
Member of William Lloyd Garrison’s anti-slavery society in 1830
Collaborated with Elizabeth Cady Stanton
In 1848 organized the Seneca Falls Convention
Lifelong fight to end slavery and for women’s rights
helped found the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society in 1833. She also co-wrote the Declaration of Sentiments in 1848
27
What was the Seneca Falls Convention? When was it?
July 1848. It was the first women’s rights convention in the United States and it launched the women’s suffrage movement.
28
Was Susan B. Anthony at the Seneca Falls Convention?
No. She didn’t meet Elizabeth Cady Stanton until 1851.
29
What childhood experience helped Elizabeth Cady Stanton to he an effective voice in the women’s rights movement.
Her father was a renowned lawyer and informally taught her law through their conversation. She was also well educated.
30
Who did Elizabeth Cady Stanton collaberate with?
First Lucretia Mott to end slavery and gain women’s rights. Then Susan B. Anthony where they focused more on women’s rights.
31
How did Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton meet?
At the World’s Anti-Slavery Convention in London. Both were outraged that women were not officially recognized as delegates.
32
Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
A key figure in beginning the women’s rights movement. She was a great writer and speaker advicating for rights for divorced women, wonen’s suffrage and anti-slavery in the mid and late 1800s. She collaborated with Lucretia Mott and Susan B. Anthony.
33
How was Queen Victoria related to prior King, George IV?
She was his niece. After having several illegitimate children, George IV’s legitimate daughters died in infancy.
34
Who was the monarch between George IV and Victoria?
George IV’s brother, William IV (nicknamed the Sailor King) from 1830-1838
35
What were the Kensington Rules of Queen Victoria’s Childhood
1. Never alone. Slept in mom’s room
2. Hold someone’s hand coming down stairs.
3. No outsider visits without governess present
4. Write in Behavior Book every day
5. Only catefully managed public appearances to shield her from unpopularity of the throne
6. Couldn’t dance the waltz
7. Had to do weight training
8. Wasn’s allowed to overeat or have her favorite foods
36
What was Queen Victoria’s actual first name?
Alexandrina Victoria
37
What was Queen Victoria’s childhood like?
Isolated, restricting, lonely and unhappy. Her father died when she was young. Her German mother didn’t fit in with the rest if the family nor speak good English, so she relied on Sir John Conroy who came up with the Kensington rules of how Victoria should be raised.
38
Queen Victoria’s accomplishments?
1. Made monarchy popular again in England
2. Modernized and stabilized British Empire
3. GB became dominant world power. Its empire covered 1/5 if the earth
4. Influenced Europe by having her children marry various European royalty
39
What are some other words for cairns or purposful stacks of stones?
Oovo (Mongolia) barrows, stupa, tumuli, dolmen, stone Johnnies
40
What purposes do cairns serve?
Mark a trail, park a point for boats on shore, religious worship, honor the dead.
41
What is liminal space
Space between what was and what is to come. Pictures or art featuring empty indoor areas usually areas travelled when going from one space to another.
42
What is “lean” ?
Codeine-cobtaining cough syrup mixed with soda. Also sizzurp
43
Besides Karate Kid and Cobra Kai, what else has Willian Zabka been in.
8 episodes of How I met Your Mother, Hot Tub Time Machine, National Lampoon’s Vacation, buncha movies no one’s heard of.
, he was nominated for an Academy Award for co-writing and producing the short film Most.
44
What was Theranos supposed to do?
Had a machine that would revolutionize blood testing. Machine was supposed to perform over 240 tests from just one prick of the finger.
45
Who was the founder and CEO of Theranos?
Elizabeth Holmes
46
What is Çatalhöyük? What is its archeological significance?
Located in Central Turkey’s Konya Plain, this 9,000 year old settlement was one of the first urban, farm based settlements.
47
What was interesting about the homes in Çatalhöyük?
They were built back to back with no doors or wibdows. People came and went through the roof. They buried their dead under their homes. Inside were wall paintings and enigmatic figurines It was an egalitarian society.
48
How long was Çatalhöyük inhabited?
Eastern mound:approximately 1500 years.
49
The Copper Age began around…?
5500 BC, marked by colored paint on pottery
50
Historians think that farming began around…?
10,000 BC
51
Date of Çatalhöyük’s earliest occupation?
7400 BC
52
Neolithic means…
New Stone Age
53
What were the Çatalhöyük houses made from? How big were they?
Adobe and covered in plaster.
One main room, two smaller rooms
Housed 5-10 people
Walls 20 inches thick, eight feet high
54
What leads archeologists to believe Çatalhöyük was an egalitarian society?
Lack of central buildings, temples, palaces. No evidence of King’s burial.
55
What animals appeared in Çatalhöyük art?
Leopards, boars, bears
Most important: Wild bull
56
Other interesting things about Çatalhöyük.
Corpulent venuses found there
Evidence in later items suggests downfall came after they started to move away from egalitarian society
They traveled for trade. Mesopotamian items and sea shells found
Homes were clusteted together far from their land
Reapplied artwork and plaster
Used obsidian from nearby Hasan Dagi volcano
Had fire and hearth in homes under entrance and clean section for sleeping (no soot on floor)
Wild bull horns placed in home seemed to have meaning
57
When were the paleolithic, mesolithic, and neolithic periods?
Paleo: 2.5 million years to 10,000 BC
Meso: 10,000 to 8,000 BC
Neo: 8,000 - 3,000 BC
58
Characteristics of the Paleolithic Period?
Lived in caves or simple huts and teepees.
Hunters and gathererers
Made simple tools ans began to create art
Lived along side and hunted now extinct animals such as Wooly Mammoth
Lived alongside now extinct neanderthals and denisovans
59
Characteristics of the Mesolithic Period?
Polished stones into points
Agriculture was introduced
Lived nomadically in camps near bodies of water
60
Characteristics of Neolithic Period?
Switch to agriculture
Domesticated animals
Cultivated cereal grains
Used tools to farm land
Sewing and pottery making
61
When was the Bronze Age?
3,000 BC - 1,300 BC
62
Characteristics of the Bronze Age?
Tin and copper alloy, Bronze
Ox-drawn plow and the wheel
Organized government, law, religion and warfare
Potters wheel and wool items
Houses became stone with thatched or turf roof with fireplace and hearth inside
Villages and cities began to form
Earliest writing Egyptian Hieroglyphs
63
When was the Iron Age?
1,300 - 900 BC
64
Characteristics of the Iron Age?
Iron and steel more precious thsn gold
Cobblestone streets
Four room houses
Palaces and temples
Alphabets
More documentation
65
What is the «Cave of Horror » in the Judean Desert?
An archeological dig site located in a cave on a high sheer cliff face by the southwest corner near the Dead Sea.
66
Why is it called The Cave of Horror?
Remains of 40 adults and children were found there. Probably killed after the Bar Kochba Rebellion. New Dead Sea Scroll fragments were found there .
67
What significant archelological discoveries were made in the caves South of Qumran?
First Dead Sea Scrolls to be found in more than half a century. The world’s oldest intact basket, and bones of 40 adults and children.
68
What’s interesting about the basket found in the Judean desert cliffs near the Cave of Horror?
A 10,500 year old 20 gallon intact basket. It’s interesting because it’s made of organic matter and intact.
69
What’s interesting about the Dead Sea Scrolls found in the Cave of Horror?
The fragments were written in Greek, yet the name if God is written in paleo-Hebrew script which seems to serve as a contextual reminder to not speak God’s name aloud.
70
The legend of the yeti began with…
A photograph of a footprint taken by renowned British Explorer Eric Shipton in 1951
71
Shipton’s yeti footprint was likely made by…
A bear
An Asian black bear
72
What is Ekbom Syndrome ?
Also called delusory parasitosis, unwavering but incorrect belief that the body has bugs.
73
Who was Thessalonike
Or thessalonike, Alexander the Great’s half sister. Her name means “victory at Thessaly” as her father King Philip II named her after the victory he won on the day she was born.
74
Are Thessaly and Thessaloniki the same thing?
No. Thessaly is an administrative region of Greece. Thessaloniki is the second largest city in Greece named after Alexander the Great’s sister who was named after the victory her father won over the region.
75
What is Sia’s real name?
Sia Kate Isobelle Furler
76
What’s a nocicepter?
A sensory receptor for painful stimuli
77
Who was Vercingetorix?
King a chieftain of the Arverni Tribe who united the Gauls in a failed revolt against Julius Caesar. Lived 82-46BC. One of few opposing leaders to almost defeat Caesar.
78
Pronounce Vercingetorix
Versing gah TOR ix
79
Which Saxon King was said to have been murdered on the toilet?
King Edmund II Ironside, son of Aethelred the Unready, after defeat to Danish King Cnute. Edmund II was only 25/26 years old, ruled only a few short months in 1016. Assassin hid in the pit and stabbed him through the butt according to Henry of.Huntingdon in the 1120s.
80
What is parenchyma?
The functional tissue of an organ as distinguished from the connective and supporting tissue.
81
What is peregrination?
A journey, especially a long or meandering one.
82
What is modern day explorer/adventurer Børge Ousland’s claim to fame?
Skiing to the North Pole, once alone, skiing across Antarctica alone. Skiing across arctic ice cap with Mike Horn in 2019. Circumnavigating the Arctic Ocean in a small boat.
83
According to Bald’s Leechbook, what is the remedy for soar throat?
Rub a dried white thost on the neck. Dried white thost is white dog poop.
84
What is Bald’s Leechbook?
One of the first medical textbooks written in the English language. Leech here means physician, not the animal., written circa 9th/10th century
85
What are some things Anglo-Saxon women put in their hair?
Powdered swallow, To stop hair from growing, they’d put ants eggs in their hair.
86
When was the Wat Tyler Peasant Revolt? Who was the king?
1381, 15 year old King Richard II.
Happened in England
Wat Tyler = Walter the Tyler
87
What historical events led to the peasant revolt?
Black Death had killed so many, it caused a labor shortage. Peasants were overtaxed to pay for war with France.
88
What did the peasants do during the peasant revolt.
More than 60,000 people converged in London. They destroyed tax records and registers and killed tax collectors who got in their way. Killed Simon Sudbury the Archbishop of Canterbury.
89
What was the result of the Wat Tyler Peasant Revolt?
Basically, things went back to the way they were. King Richard II talked them down somehow. The Poll Tax was removed. Wat Tyler was killed.
90
Who first wrote that sickness was caused by particles in the air too small to see?
Extremely prolific polymath and author Marcus Terentius Varro. Wrote 74 separate works in 640 volumes. Lived 116-74 BC
91
What is the Beaufort Gyre?
The circular, clockwise current in the Arctic Ocean.
92
What is the Transpolar Drift Stream?
Water enters Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait and exits through the North Atlantic.
93
When we’re the Middle Ages?
1000-1500 AD
94
How did Robert Boyle try to treat cataracts in the late 1600s?
By blowing powder of dried human poop into patients’ eyes.
95
Why might the ancient Egyptians used poop as medicine ?
It contains some antibiotics
96
What’s incredible about the Sacsayhuaman ruins?
The Inca fortress built outside Cusco in the Peruvian Andes is built from huge stones perfectly interlocked like a jigsaw puzzle. Stones weigh as much as 360 tons.
97
What are the Nasca Lines?
On a high and dry plateau some 200 miles southeast of Lima, more than 800 long, straight white lines are etched into the Peruvian desert, seemingly at random. Joining them are 300 geometric shapes and 70 figures of animals, including a spider, monkey, and hummingbird.
98
Mickle hicket is the Anglo-Saxon word for…
Hiccups
99
What was the Anglo-Saxon remedy for swollen eyes.
Catch a crab, remove its eyes and put them on patient’s neck. Release blinded crab.
100
According to Bald’s Leechbook, what is the remedy for shoulder pain.
Pig’s poop, but it has to be from an old pig.
101
Bale’s Leechbook’s cure for warts?
Mix dog urine and mouse blood
102
What are some of the species found only in the Seychelles?
The giant Frégate Island Darkling beetle, Some types of Caecilians, Jellyfish Tree, Aldabra Giant Tortoise, White Fairy Tern, Seychelles Fruit Bat, Seychelles Tree Frog, The Seychelles magpie-robin, Seychelles Paradise Flycatcher.
103
Only place in the world the Jellyfish Tree is found?
Seychelles island of Mahé. It’s one of the rarest plants on earth.
104
What are Caecilians?
A type of amphibian that has no legs and looks like a snake or worm. They’re elusive and live underground in moist tropical areas.
105
Weird way Caecilian mothers feed their young?
Baby Caecilians eat their mother’s outer layer of dead skin. Mother Caecilians’s cells have more nutrients than non-mothers.
106
The Kurdish army is known as…
Peshmerga which means “Those who face death”
107
What are some of the largest cities in Kurdistan?
Hewler/Erbil (the capital) Slemani/Sulaymaniyah and Zakho/Zakhu
108
Kurds live in
Syria, Iraq, Turkey and Iran
109
What’s the worst chemical to clean cat pee with?
What type should one use?
Ammonia, you perpetuate the smell because there is ammonia in cat pee.
Instead use an enzyme cleaner
110
Who were the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove?
A group of Chinese scholars and poets from mid 3rd century who banded together and moved to the countryside to live more freely .
1. Ji Kang-alchemist, poet you
2. Ruan Ji-eccentric poet, most prominent
3. Guo Xiang -neo-daoist Xiang xiu
4. Liu Ling-poet
5. Ruan Xian-musician
6. Shan Dao:tao devout Daoist
7. Wang Rong-rich guy
111
Definition of eremitic
Like a hermit or religious recluse
112
Characteristics of The Seven Sages of Bamboo Grove?
Loved to express themselves in music, poetry and discourse
Considered heretical for rejecting Confusciusism
Lived reclusively in country
Liked to get drunk
Romanticized and we’re subject of art in centuries to come
113
About Liu Ling of The Seven Sages
Poet, scholar and alcoholic, said to walk in his home completely naked and cared little for his appearance. Servant said to have carried around a shovel so he could be buried where he died and a bottle of wine at all times.
114
Ruan Ji of Bamboo Grove
Poet. Nobility was not threatened by him because he was considered a drunk and an eccentric.
115
About Ruan Xian of the Seven Sages
The musician, played the Chinese lute which evolved into the pipa and was named Ruan after him
116
Xiang Xiu of The Seven Sages?
Wrote Zhuangzi, an ancient Daoist text.
Forced to accept several posts in the capital, strong Daoist beliefs but didn’t completely reject Confucianism
117
Wang Rong of The Seven Sages?
Military general and scholar of the dynasty.
Maintained that Daoism and Confucianism wanted the same thing
Rumors that he was very greedy
118
Shan Tao of the Seven Sages?
Daoist philosopher who liked alcohol
Disliked crowds
Wide knowledge of human behavior so court relied on his wisdom
Not Shandao, the 7th century Buddhist writer
119
Where is Zerubabbel in the Bible?
Ezra
Also mentioned in Haggai and Zechariah
120
Japan’s biggest island is called…
Honshu
121
Where is Thetis Bay, Tierra Del Fuego?
Southernmost tip of Argentina
Cape Horn, on the Chilean side is still further south
122
How long are the strands of Kelp in Thetis bay
Up to 150 feet
123
Where is the Strait of Magellan?
Not between South America and Antarctica. Cuts between South America’s tip.
124
Where are the Faulkland Islands?
Off east coast of South America’s tip.
125
Islas Malvinas is another name for…?
The Faulkland Islands
126
What is coprolite?
Fossilized poop
127
Fossil evidence shows that modern bees lived how long ago?
About 100 million years ago
128
What does the ancient bee burrows at the Castillo formation in Argentina reveal?
Pollinating Bees and flowers diversified around the same time.
129
What does catastrophizing mean when it comes to pain management?
When a person’s fear and negative expectations about his pain makes the pain worse or causes it to continue even after injury is healed? It’s a problem with nerve wiring, not tissue damage.
130
Why isn’t the seismosaurus considered the longest/biggest dinosaur that ever lived anymore? Which dinosaurs are?
Seismosaurus’s size was based on an incomplete skeleton. Initial estimates are showing it to be smaller. Titanadaurs now are thought to be the biggest land animal ever. Dreadnoughtus,, 85 feet, Patagotitan Mayorum, 120 ft long,Argentinasaurus, 131 feet
131
Where are the LEGO headquarters located?
Billund Denmark
132
Etymology of “LEGO”
Leg godt means play well in Danish. It’s from that
133
When was the LEGO group founded and by whom?
Ole Kirk Kristiansen in 1932
134
Who is “The Equalizer”
Thé star of show?
Queen Latifah
135
Several new findings suggest that people may have lived in North America…
Prior to the ice age? Meaning they didn’t all cross the land bridge. 21,000 - 23,000 new proposed date.
136
Real dire wolves…
Were large now extinct carnivores in North America. New studies of dna reveal they’re only distantly related to the modern day gray wolf
137
Who played Thanos
Josh Brolin
Got his start in Goonies, also in Deadpool, True Grit, Dune
138
What are fulgurites?
Formed when lighting strikes the ground. When it strikes sand it forms interesting tubelike glass in the path of the lighting. Fused silica
139
What is the difference engine?
an automatic mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions. It was designed in the 1820s, it was designed by Charles Babbage,. The noisy machine stood about 2 and a half feet tall and was full of cogs, hammer like metal arms and thousands of numbered wheels.
140
Define polynomial
an expression of more than two algebraic terms, especially the sum of several terms that contain different powers of the same variable(s).
141
Who was Ada Lovelace’s deadbeat dad?
Poet known as Lord Byron
142
What is Ada Lovelace known for?
She created the first computer program of sorts before computers we’re invented. It was supposed to be used for Babbage’s Analytical Engine which he never completed. Her “program” consisted of a punch card, a precursor to binary code where there is either a hole or not.
143
Who were the Rough Riders?
First United States Volunteer Cavalry for the Spanish American War. Composed of cowboys, miners, law enforcement, college athletes , led by Colonel Leonard Wallace, who resigned as a White House Physician.
144
Which President recruited the Rough Riders?
Theodore Roosevelt
145
The Bernoulli Equation expresses…
The conservation of mechanical work energy
146
The Bernoulli numbers…
e Bernoulli numbers B_n are a sequence of signed rational numbers that can be defined by the exponential generating function.
147
What is a Pizza Margherita?
A pizza containing tomatoes, basil and white mozzarella emanating the colors of the Italian flag.
148
The Pizza Margherita originated in what city? What is the legend of its origin?
Naples, Italy in 1889. Queen Margherita visited, tried, and enjoyed her namesake pizza.
149
How did the bison get onto Catalina Island?
14 were brought to island in 1920s to shoot a movie. When done, they were left there.
150
What does ASMR stand for?
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response, relaxing tingling sensation in the scalp that works it’s way down.
151
What’s the difference between a crow and a raven?
Ravens are usually much bigger.
Ravens have bulkier beaks
Ravens have elongated throat feathers they can fluff out, called hackles
Ravens have pointer, diamond shaped tails
152
What’s the musical, Bye Bye Birdie about?
Famous musician, Conrad Birdie is drafted into the army in 1957. Struggling songwriter, Albert Patterson & girlfriend Rosie hatch a publicity stunt for Conrad to perform one of Albert’s songs to a contest winning fan before he goes. There’s a jealous boyfriend too.
153
What is the main goal/purpose in Daoism?
To exist in harmony with nature
154
What is tao in Taoism/Daoism
Tao is the universe
155
What is ch’i or qi in Taoism?
The energy that guides everything in the universe. Taoism teaches how to be in harmony with this energy?
156
What is the meaning and significance of the yin and Yang in Daoism?
The optimal state is balance between opposite pairs: light/dark, hot/cold, action/inaction and everything is connected.
157
Define vicissitude
the quality or state of being changeable : MUTABILITY
Natural change in nature or human affairs
158
First domesticated animal?
Dogs. Geese as a possible second.
159
What animal is China using to guard its border?
Geese, an especially territorial and aggressive species, the Chinese domestic goose
160
What features do geese have that makes them great at guarding?
Sharp eyesight. Each eye can move separately to watch a larger area. They only honk at intruders unlike dogs. Third unihemispheric slow wave sleep where one side of the brain and the eye connected to it stay awake. The other side sleeps.
161
Which country has the most people pooping outdoors?
India, the open defecation capital of the world.
162
Why do so many people in India not use available toilets?
Pooping outdoors is more pleasant than an overused, quickly full dirty latrine (hole, not connected to plumbing) It’s the manly thing to do. It’s a social break from daily work for women, rather use latrines for bathing and washing clothes.
163
What’s the adverse effect of open defecation?
In India there are too many people pooping outdoors for nature to absorb, so disease runs rampant. Many children die in illness in poorer areas and there’s a High instance of malnutrition and stunted growth.
164
How should a Taoist live?
Change world by changing self and living an exemplary life.
Inaction: Interfere and control others little
Male and female are completely equal
165
When was King James I king?
1603-1625 United England
1567-1625 king of Scotland James VI
166
Who was King James I’s mother?
Mary, Queen of Scots
167
When did King James I (VI) become king?
1567 (born 1566) he was one year old. Factions forced his mother to abdicate.
168
How was King James I related to the Tudors.
He was descended from Henry VII’s daughter, Margaret
169
What is King James most known for?
The King Jame Bible, King when America was first colonized, the Union Jack and introducing England to tobacco. First king of a unified England.
170
What does the « Union Jack » refer to?
UK’s flag which combines the crosses of England, Scotland and Wales. Created under King James I
171
Other interesting things about King James I
He had affection for men in his youth though he execrated sodomy. Later adulthood, he liked Robert Carr, the George Villiers
He was big on witch hunts and believed strongly in the supernatural. Approximately 1,500 people were executed as witches
Hé wasn’t as elegant in demeanor as the Tudors, he walked funny, swore, talked to much and was said to slobber.
172
What’s The Gunpowder Plot?
1605 plot to blow up King James I and his family by Catholic conspirators Guy Fawkes, led my Robert Catesby. This is celebrated on November 5th in UK
173
What did King James I do as a result of The Gunpowder Plot?
The Popish Recusants Act Banned Catholics from holding positions in public life in military, law or medicine..
174
Jamestown was founded by…
Captain John Smith in 1607
175
What three crosses combine to form UK’s flag?
The Red Cross of St. George (England)
White saltire of St. Andrew (Scotland)
Red saltire of St. Patrick (Ireland)
176
What is the Hubble Constant?
A unit that describes how fast the universe is expanding from different distances from a specific point in space.
177
What did Edwin Hubble Discover in the 1920s?
All if the galaxies were moving away from earth. The farther away they were the faster they were moving.
178
The Cepheid Variable refers to…
A variable star where one cycle of variation is closely related to its luminosity and is therefore useful in measuring interstellar and intergalactic distances.
179
In 1912 Henrietta Leavitt discovered…
The period-luminosity relationship of the Cepheids
180
The longer the period for a classic Cepheid, the…
The greater it’s intrinsic brightness
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What’s a Cepheid?
Also called Cepheid Variable is any star which brightens and dims periodically at a very regular rate. It’s not one particular star, but a type of star found throughout the universe.
182
Difference between independent and dependent variables in science?
The independent variable is the cause while the dependent variable is the effect.
Independent variable is what experimenters manipulates. The dependent variable is recorded.
183
Paul and Jim Van Doren along with partners Gordon Lee and Serge Delia started what company in 1966?
Vans shoes made on site
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Where was the first Vans shoe store?
On Broadway in Anaheim
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What is Hubble’s Law?
Also known as the Lemaître Law. The observation that galaxies are moving away from the earth at speeds proportional to their distance.
186
What biological feature of the shortfin mako enables it to swim up to 35 miles an hour while chasing prey?
The shortfin mako can maintain body temperature of key body parts while swimming in colder water. The shortfin mako’s veins and arteries are uniquely arranged to allow the transfer of heat between warm and cool blood.
187
Two fastest sharks?
shortfin mako and great white
188
Dan Reynolds in the lead singer of…
Imagine Dragons
189
Who are the four members of Duran Duran
Simon Le Bon, Nick Rhodes, Andy and Roger Taylor.
190
What are copepods?
An abundant, tiny zooplankton in the crustacean family. They’re one of the most abundant species on earth and found on every form of marine life.
191
How do the seams in the rock formations in Joshua Tree and elsewhere form?
They are called intrusions which is basically more of often a different type of mineral filling in cracks. When molten rock cools underground, it shrinks and cracks. Later more molten rock fills in the cracks.
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What was interesting about the first Vans shoe store in 1966.
The shoes were made to order that day with rubber from the Van Doren Rubber Company. They made/sold 12 shoes that first day.
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In what year was the attack of the Greenwood district of Tulsa? How many were killed?
1921
300 killed
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Who’s death sparked the Black Lives Matter movement and where did this happen?
George Floyd
Minneapolis
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What are sea pansies?
Sea pansies are fleshy, leaf-shaped colonies of marine organisms that belong to the genus Renilla, which is in the same Cnidaria phylum as jellyfish and corals.
196
What’s different exactly about the new type of Covid vaccine being tested to be more effective in immunocompromised patients?
The vaccine targets T-cells rather than B cells (regular white blood cells. They contain 6 small pieces of viral proteins, whereas the current vaccines target only the spike protein.
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Why do Covid vaccines containing more than just the spike protein molecules work better.
Mutations of the virus happen in the spike proteins which is why the current vaccines that only act on the spike protein can be ineffective.
198
The Islamic calendar is based on…
The phases of the moon
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What signals the beginning of Ramadan?
The crescent moon in the sky
200
What Muslim celebration marks the end of Ramadan?
Eid Al-fitr
201
What does Ramadan commemorate?
The revelation of the Qur’an to Mohammed
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In Islam, what is the Hadith?
A companion to the Qur’an. It’s the accounts of Mohammed’s thoughts and deeds as written by his companions.
203
How is Ramadan usually celebrated?
Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset every day of the month. They eat breakfast before sunrise called “suhoor”. Ramadan is a time for piety and self reflection. During Ramadan, Muslims are careful not to “sin” (gossiping, lying, fighting) Iftar is the sunset meal that occurs after prayer.
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Traditional food for suhoor and iftar which is what Mohammed ate.
Dates
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What is Pust?
Slovenia’s version of Carnival where men dress up as monsters, chase boys through town and beat them with ash-filled socks as a rite of passage. Villagers walk to the outskirts of town and burn a straw effigy of Pust” (Father Winter)
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What is Shrovetide in Slovenia
Their version of Fat Tuesday or Mardi Gras.
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What is the job of the Beautiful Ones and the Ugly Ones during Pust?
The Beautiful Ones dress up like newlywed, doctors and visit homes. Their visits are considered good luck. The Ugly Ones chase and beat boys with white socks and chase away the winter.
208
Where is the Soča River? What makes it interesting?
It runs through Slovenia and Italy. It’s tropical water blue, bright turquoise/blue green
209
What’s the formula for calculating density?
Density = mass/volume
Volume divided into mass
210
What are the common units of density?
Grams per cubic centimeter or g/cm(little 3 up high)
211
In US history, what is The Great Compromise?
he Great Compromise was a solution where both big and small states would be fairly represented by creating two houses of the senate. The House of Representatives would be according to a state’s size. The Senate would give each state 2 delegates regardless of their size.
212
Who said “Give me Liberty or give me death!”
Patrick Henry during the American Revolution
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What is Patrick Henry’s big contribution?
The founding father of our country and first governor of Virginia created system of checks and balances in The Bill of Rights. Opposed the initial constitution for giving government too much power.
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What is the Bill of Rights?
The first ten amendments of the constitution which are designed to protect individual liberties and place limits on the power of federal government.
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Patrick Henry was an Anti-Federalist meaning what?
He was against the ratification of the Constitution stating it gave government too much power.
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What was “Parson’s Cause” leading up to the American Revolution?
Patrick Henry’s first major legal case in 1763 where the Anglican Clergy in Virginia wanted to be paid more according to the inflated price of tobacco. The Virginia Legislature passed The Two Penny Act freezing their salary at that tobacco price. First challenge to England’s power.
217
What is the source of cosmic rays?
Stars that exploded. As seen by Fermi, the gamma ray detector.
Cosmic rays are fast-moving, electrically charged, particles from atomic nuclei.
218
What is dulse?
A protein-filled seaweed that grows in the northern Atlantic
219
In which animal does the male give “birth”
Seahorse Female puts eggs in male’s abdominal pouch. He delivers up to 1,500
220
What baby animals are called puggles?
Baby egg laying mammals, the platypus and the echidna
221
What is a baby seahorse called?
A fry
222
What are The Articles of Confederation with regards to US History?
The first draft of the Constitution drafted in 1777 and in effect from 1781-1789. Young US had problems early on and changes needed to be made.
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What were some of the problems with The Articles of Confederation?
Each state was its own sovereign entity. Federal government did not have sufficient power to regulate commerce, couldn’t tax, and couldn’t set policy.
224
What are Amendments 1-5 of the Constitution?
1. Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
2. Right to keep and bear arms
3. No quartering of soldiers
4.freedom from unreasonable search & seizure
5.right of due process, no self incrimination
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What are Amendments 6-10 of the Constitution ?
6. Right to Speedy Public Trial
7. Right to trial by jury in civic cases
8. No excessive bail or cruel & unusual punishment
9. Rights explicitly mentioned aren’t the only rights people may have.
10 powers reserved by states
226
What does “Hanukkah” mean?
Consecration
Rededication of the temple in 165 BC
227
Who was Ida B Wells?
African American journalist and civil rights activist. Women’s suffragist. Wrote about lynchings.
228
Ida B Wells won a Pulitzer Prize for …
Reporting on the lynchings of African Americans. Awarded in 2020😳
229
What does Gethsemane mean
What type of trees were in the garden?
Oil press
Olive trees
230
Besides burning the town and killing 300 people, what else is appalling about the Tulsa massacre ?
They killed children and crippled old men. They loaded the bodies on trucks and dumped them in mass graves. The Governor called the National Guard and they helped the rioters. No one was ever arrested, charged, or punished. It started with a girls exaggerated tale. Over 15 million dollars of wealth was lost.
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Ida B. Welles’s childhood
Born enslaved in Mississippi in 1862, attended Rust College which her parents helped start. Had to drop out and work to care for her siblings when her parents died of yellow fever. Bought a first class train ticket and refused to sit in the back with the negroes. Refused and bit someone.
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What did Ida B. Welles do when told black suffragists were to March at the end of the parade for women s suffrage
She was very upset. Later emerged from the crowd and rood her place among the whites. Two white women supported her and marched by her side.
233
The first people to make New Years resolutions probably were?
Thé Babylonians 4,000 years ago. They would promise to repay their debts and return what they borrowed on their new year which was in March.
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Etymology of January
Named for Janus, the two-faced Roman god who’s spirit inhabited doorways. Janus was believed to look backwards at the past year and ahead into the future.
235
Who set the New Year at January first and when?
Julius Caesar in 46 BC
236
History of New Year’s resolutions?
Earliest in Babylonia 4000 years ago (2000BC) making promises to the gods. Julius Caesar set New Years at January 1st where Romans promised to be good. In medieval times, knights renewed their vows on New Years. In 1740 John Wesley instituted Covenant Renewal Service or Watch Night Service as a time where Christians read scripture, sang hymns and made resolutions for the coming year. Today, it’s a secular thing aimed at self improvement.
237
What does LDH on a blood test stand for?
Lactate dehydrogenase
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What is LDH
Lactate dehydrogenase. An enzyme found in every cell that turns sugar into energy.
239
What does TSH on a blood test stand for?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
240
Where and in what year was Martin Luther King’s “I have a dream” speech?
1963 in front of the Lincoln Memorial
241
Who instituted the months and calendar that we use?
Julius Caesar in 46 BC set January 1st as the start of the year. The old Roman calendar had 10 months and was based on the moon cycles. Caesar’s was solar.
242
Cloacina was the Roman goddess off…
Sewers. The Romans had a “cloaca maxima” Their water waste all drained out of the city.
Clō uh CHI nuh
243
Where did the depictions of Vikings with horns come from?
Horned helmets were discovered in Viksø, Denmark over 80 years ago and attributed to the Vikings, but they actually date back to 900 BC, before the Vikings.
244
Where did depictions of Vikings with horned helmets originate?
Scandinavian artists in the 1800s depicted Vikings with horned helmets. Wagner’s opera, “Der Ring de Nibelungen” depicted Vikings in costumes with horned helmets, but those helmets found predate the Vikings and were most likely used in ceremonies not in battle seeing as horns would get stuck on stuff.
245
When was the age of the Vikings?
9th to 11th century, 800-1000 AD
246
According to Brian Buma’s expedition, where is the southernmost tree?
On Isla Hornos, South America’s southernmost island where Cape Horn is. The tree is south of Cape Horn.
247
Why is the ocean around Cape Horn so dangerous?
Band of ocean stretches uninterrupted around the planet. Fierce westerly winds cause “grey beards” which are large waves. Those waves hit the continental shelf to produce menacing seas.
248
Define promontory
high point of land or rock projecting into a body of water
b : a prominent mass of land overlooking or projecting into a lowland
2 : a bodily prominence
249
What’s the name of the water between the tip of South America and Antarctica?
The Drake Passage
250
Describe the world’s southernmost tree?
It’s a Magellan Beech on Isla Hornos. Under two feet high with its trunk growing sideways. Tall trees are rare due to strong winds.
251
Where is Trieste?
It’s in Italy on the other side of the Adriatic Sea, a sliver cut out of the border of Slovenia.
252
Trieste was once the main port city of what government?
The Austro-Hungarian Empire
253
What caused Trieste to no longer be a key port city?
The Iron Curtain/Communism. It was cut off by communist Yugoslavia.
254
Who was Alfred Dreyfus? What’s his significance in French history?
A French military officer who was wrongly accused of treason in the late 1800s after the Franco-Prussian war.
255
What led to Alfred Dreyfus’s false conviction?
analysis of a memo done by an amateur analyst. A secret dossier which mentions “the scoundrel of D” Anti-Semitism and because he was from the annexed and German-speaking region of Alcace. A second forged dossier brought by Major Henry written by an Italian attaché helped convict Dreyfus a second time.
256
Who was Ferdinand Esterhazy?
The real traitor instead of Dreyfus, the one who wrote the memo. He was a French officer of Hungarian origin. He sold French intelligence to Germany to pay off a gambling debt.
257
Where is Alsace?
It’s a province of France, a small strip East of Lorraine, west of German border, culturally different from rest of France. Many German speakers live there. Historically, it has been part of Germany. On the Rhine and it borders Switzerland
258
When and between whom was the Peloponnesian War
Athens and Sparta in 431 BC.
Two major Greek, City States
259
Compare and contrast Athens and Sparta
Sparta was located on the southwestern most peninsula, Athens, the next one over. Every Man trained their whole life as a soldier. Women were strong and didn’t adorn themselves. Athens was a democracy. Sparta was ruled by a council of 28 elders and two kings. Athenians were master craftsmen, watched theater and had festivals.
260
What prompted Spartans to become so military-oriented?
They needed for farmland, so they conquered and enslaved the Messenians who outnumbered them.. A great army was needed to keep them oppressed.
261
Where was the ancient city of Troy located?
In Turkey on the Mediterranean
262
What is the Acropolis in Greece.
It’s the hilltop in Athens where the Parthenon is. In ancient times it was the city’s epicenter containing temples, theaters and other public buildings.
263
Who was Èmile Zola? What role did he play in the Dreyfus case?
In 1898, the renowned novelist wrote a letter to the President denouncing the military and its corrupt handling of Alfred Dreyfus’s case. The headline in
L’Aurore read “J’accuse…!” France became deeply divided over this.
264
Julius Caesar was assassinated in the Ides of March in what year?
44BC
265
Who was Julius Caesar’s ally turned archenemy who he had to defeat before his rise to power?
Pompey
266
What did Caesar do after defeating Pompey that angered the senate?
He pardoned and even promoted those who fought for Pompey, including Brutus and Cassius. Rather than executing them. This was seen as the act of a tyrant, one who wanted sole power.
267
What does the Ides of March actually refer to?
Ides is the middle day of the month.
268
Name of Julius Caesar’s wife?
Calpurnia
269
What year was Julius Caesar killed. What year were the conspirators killed?
44BC Augustus hunted down and had Cassius and Brutus killed in 42BC. All the others in a span of eight years.
270
What role did Mark Antony play in the assassination of Julius Caesar.
None. He seemed to be a loyal friend who the conspirators had to have distracted and not present that day in the senate. He was approached about joining the conspiracy and declined but didn’t inform Caesar.
271
Who were the conspirators in the assassination of Julius Caesar?
Cassius and Brutus. Also Servilius Casca (Publius) Bucolianus, Gaius Trebonius, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, Tillius Cimber
272
Brutus full name?
Marcus Junius Brutus
273
Who were the historians who gave accounts of Caesar’s murder?
Nicholas of Damascus, Appian of Alexandria, Suetonius, Plutarch, Cicero (well informed senator)
274
What was a lictor?
Member of an ancient Roman class of magisterial attendants, probably Etruscan in origin
An attendant and bodyguard to a magistrate
275
What were fasces?
ancient times, fasces were a Roman symbol of power and authority, a bundle of wooden rods and an axe bound together by leather thongs. Fasces represented that a man held imperium, or executive authority.
276
What was an optimate?
A member of the ruling class in Ancient Rome. An aristocrat or noble.
