Trivia 9 Flashcards
(290 cards)
1
Q
Who was Juan Sebastián Elcano
A
He took over after Magellan was killed in the Philippines and completed the first trip around the earth.
2
Q
Of the 250 men and 5 ships who left with Magellan, how many returned?
A
18 men
1 ship
3
Q
What year did what remained of Magellan’s expedition return home?
A
1522 only the Victoria returned to Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain
4
Q
What was Magellan’s primary goal in sailing around the world?
A
To find a western route to the Spice Islands (Moluccas) part of Indonesia today. Portugal, Spain’s rival, controlled the eastern route.
5
Q
Who wrote the account of Magellan’s voyage?
A
Antonio Pigafetta, but there was absolutely no mention of Elcano
6
Q
What happened to Elcano on the Magellan voyage?
A
In South America, the captains of the other ships, including Elcano who was second in command of The Concepcion. Attempted a coup. Magellan won and Elcano was stripped of his rank & demoted. In the Philippines the native people invited the captains to dinner & massacred them. Elcano survived bc of his demotion.
7
Q
What were Maenads?
A
Women who worshipped Dionysus and danced and entered a delirious crazy state. Then went hunting. It got brutal
8
Q
Zeus was married to what goddess?
A
Hera
9
Q
What was the Magna Carta
A
A charter between England’s King John and his barons to curb the king overreaching in his power, often considered a founding document. King John didn’t generous issue it to the barons as much as the noblemen forced it on him during a period of civil unrest. Many of the Magna Carta’s laws are still in effect in England today.
10
Q
When was the Magna Carta put into effect and who was king?
A
King John in 1215
1225 under 9 year old Henry III a new abridged version was issued
11
Q
What three clauses of the Magna Carta are still part of British law?
A
- Ban on cruel & unusual punishment
- Trial by jury of peers
- Justice cannot be sold or unnecessarily delayed
12
Q
When did people start using last names?
A
Roughly in the Middle Ages, 11th century. The process was completed by the end of the 16th century.
13
Q
How does Johannes Putsch’s 1530 map depict Europe?
A
As a Queen pleading for peace on the continent. Her head faces west and is the Iberian peninsula. Italy is her right arm. Greece, Bulgaria & Scythia are her feet.
14
Q
Why did wellborn women wear masks in the 16th century.
A
For modesty, fashion and to keep their skin as pale as possible. Also, enabled them to go out unchaperoned.. Fashionable in London, Paris, Venice & Spain
15
Q
When did the wearing of masks by women lose favor in Europe?
A
Throughout the 1700s.
16
Q
Who was Ashurbanipal?
A
Assyrian king from 667-627BC
17
Q
What was noteworthy about Assyrian king, Ashurbanipal?
A
Very learned for his time, created the largest library the world had yet seen and ruled the largest kingdom up until his time.
18
Q
Ashurbanipal’s military victories?
A
Thebes, upper Egypt
Iranian city of Elam
His brother’s revolt in Babylon
Sacked Susa
19
Q
How far did Ashurbanipal’s kingdom stretch.
A
The entire Fertile Crescent. Upper Egypt along the Mediterranean Sea, parts of Turkey, thru Iraq, all the way to the Persian Gulf
20
Q
Assyria vs Mesopotamia
A
Assyria was in Northern Mesopotamia. Babylon was in southern Mesopotamia. Assyrians different from Sumerians and Akkadians
21
Q
What is extispicy?
A
The practice of analyzing the insides of freshly slaughtered sheep to predict the future. Anomalies in the viscera we’re read
22
Q
Who was Ashurbanipal’s grandfather?
A
Sennacherib
23
Q
Ashurbanipal ruled from
A
Nineveh the capital of the Assyrian empire
24
Q
Assyrian kings would hunt what animal as a manner of ritual to prove their prowess?
A
Lions. Depicted in Assyrian art
25
In Japan, what were women married to a samurai or daughters of a samurai expected to do?
be highly educated, capable of defending their homes and families, and some even carried small swords hidden in their clothes.Tomoe Gozen’s father was a samurai
26
Etymology of the word “samurai”
Originally meant “those who serve in attendance to nobility “
In Japanese Nara Period “Samorapu” meaning “to keep watch, observe, be on the lookout for something
27
Tomoe Gozen wasn’t just a female samurai, she was also
Beautiful and an elite warrior, best among the samurais, feared by other warriors
28
Who was Tomoe Gozen married to?
Minimoto no Yoshinaka, Kiso no Yoshinaka or Lord Kiso
1154-1184
29
Lord Kiso and Tomoe Gozen fought during what period?
What’s the name of the war?
Late Heian Period. The Genpei/Gempei War
30
The Minamoto Clan?
Lord Kiso was from the Minimoto Clan. His father was killed when he was an infant by another Minimoto who wanted power. Lord Kiso was ultimately defeated and killed by his own brother at 31
31
Which clan did the Minimoto Clan fight in the Genpei War!
The Taira Clan
32
What is Simón Bolívar famous for?
1783-1820 Led Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia (was part of Peru back then) in their independence from Spain
33
Who did Annie Murphy play?
Alexis Rose on Schitt’s Creek. In Kevin can #### Himself and in second season of Russian Doll
34
Thé star and creator of Abbot Elementary
Quinta Brunson
35
What is raclette
A semihard type of cheese popular in Switzerland & the Savoie region. The giant wheel of cheese is melted in front of a fire and the molten runoff lands on top of the food.
36
What is charcuterie ?
a delicatessen specializing in dressed meats and meat dishes
also : the products sold in such a shop
37
When did England move from a monarchy to a democracy?
A slow process over the centuries eroded the monarch’s absolute power, but the closest answer is with the First Reform Act of 1832.
38
When did England start having a Parliament?
With the Magna Carta in 1215
39
What did the Act of Union of 1707 do?
Created the United Kingdom of Great Britain passed by the English and Scottish Parliaments. Thus, England and Scotland became a single country
40
England’s present day parliament has how many chambers?
It’s bicameral (has two) the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
41
What was a Witan?
In Anglo-Saxon England, small council of clergymen, land-owning barons and other advisors chosen by the king to discuss matters of state, taxation and other political affairs.
42
In 1399, England’s parliament managed to…
Impeach Richard II, Henry IV took over
43
When did Ireland become independent?
Constitution established 1937 declaring Ireland a free republic.
44
Ireland’s road to independence?
1916-1921 IRA (Irish Republican Army) fought monarchy. 1921 a peace treaty declared Southern Ireland free and Northern Ireland part of UK, 1922 more fighting. A piece of Northern Ireland is still under British rule today.
45
According to a study in Isreal, by Elinav, how are artificial sweeteners harmful.
They disturb the gut micro biome because microbes in our digestive system can consume and get energy from artificial seeeteners so they multiply and throw off the balance.
46
The first artificial sweetener to become available on the market?
Saccharin, discovered in 1879 and promoted by Theodore Roosevelt
47
What factors are contributing to the reduction of nutrients in fruits and vegetables?
Increase of carbon dioxide in atmosphere and common farming practices that deplete the nutrients in the soil mostly to increase the yield.
48
What is the solution to the reduction of nutrients in fresh produce?
Regenerative farming. Mostly, leave the soil alone to keep it’s nutrients
49
What is orthorexia nervosa?
An unhealthy obsession with eating healthy.
50
How can you tell if someone is orthorexic or just a disciplined healthy eater?
Those with the disorder can’t eat out or eat at a friends house. Their list of restricted foods is very long and a lot of planning goes into every meal. They often proselytize and are disdainful of those who eat what’s not
on their list.
51
In Jordan what population was hit especially hard by the pandemic despite the country’s initially successful measures to stop the virus??
Refugees. There are many in Jordan. Their opportunities to work disappeared as did their aid. Refugees from Syria, Palestine, Sudan, Somalia
52
What does “Die Antwoord” stand for
The answer in Afrikaans
53
What does KMFDM stand for
Kein Mehrheit Fur Die Mitleid
No pity for the majority in German
54
Who plays Will, Mike, Dustin & Lucas on Stranger Things?
Will:Noah Schnapp
Mike: Finn Wolfhard
Dustin: Gaten Matarazzo
Lucas: Caleb McLaughlin
55
According to a study published in National Geographic in 2020, which countries saw the greatest shift to more poverty during the pandemic?
Belize, Zimbabwe, Honduras
56
According to a study published in National Geographic in 2020, which country had the most people living in poverty?
South Sudan (due to 5 decades of war more than Covid) (84 shifted to 88%) Other impoverished countries include Angola, Nigeria, Yemen, Zambia (48-56%)
57
Define “probity”
Adherence to the highest principles and ideals, uprightness
58
What are the three main Jewish feasts/festivals?
1. Passover: Feast of Unleavened Bread
2. Pentecost: Feast of Weeks/Shavuot
3. Tabernacles: Feast of Booths/Sukkoth
Yom Kippur not one of 3
59
What does the Jewish Feast of Weeks celebrate and when does it occur?
The culmination of Exodus on Mt. Sinai. Occurs 7 weeks and one day following Passover. Pentecost means 50 days in Greek
60
What did Jewish people do during the Feast of Booths?
Sukkoth,
Camped out in tents, collection of palm and willow branches as a symbol of rejoicing. Followed by Azaret, Day of Assembly
61
Who was Queen Teuta?
Queen of the Illyrian tribe of Ardiaei in 3rd century BC, stood up to expanding Roman Empire. Atdiaei was the prominent Illyrian tribe at the time, occupied parts of Croatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Albania, Slovenia, Montenegro, Kosovo & Serbia
62
Teuta became Queen after…
Her husband, King Agron died. His son was an infant so she was Queen Regent
63
What was Teuta’s conflict with Rome?
Illyria saw nothing wrong with piracy and there were many feared Illyrian pirates in the Mediterranean attacking Roman merchants. Rome sent two ambassadors to ask her to stop. She killed one and imprisoned the other. Illyria defied Rome for several decades and there were several wars after
64
Nick Lowe’s band before he was solo?
Brinsley Schwarz
65
Dave Edmunds’ band before he was solo?
Love Sculpture
66
What was Love Sculpture’s hit song?
Hear you Knocking
67
Later Roman emperors of Illyrian origin
including Claudius II Gothicus, Aurelian, Diocletian, and Constantine the Great,
68
When did Claudius II Gothicus rule Later Rome?
268-270, only 2 years
69
About Claudius II Gothicus
Illyrian born barbarian rose in military ranks to become emperor after the murder of Gallienus which he may have had a part it. Tremendous military leader. Troubled by Zenobia of Palmyra. Died of plague
70
Claudius II Gothicus’s military victories?
Crushing defeat of Alemanni in North Italy
Got territory back in Gaul
Opened talks with Iberian Peninsula bringing them back into Rome
Repeatedly beat Goths in Balkans
71
How did Claudius II get the name Gothicus
From his great victory against the Goths at Marcianopolis
72
When was Aurelian emperor of Late Rome?
270-275 AD
73
Who was the Eastern Romam emperor before Aurelian?
Quintillus, Claudius II’s brother who only ruled for about 3 months
74
What title did Aurelian earn
Restorer of the World
Restitutor orbis
75
Aurelian is known for?
Building the Aurelian wall which still stands around Rome & used in 19th century
Brought Gaul & Palmyra back into Roman control
Defeated goths, vandals and Jutes
Like Claudius II, not of noble birth but rose through military ranks
76
Where is the Danube River
Flows from Black Forest in southern Germany through Austria through Romania and empties into Black Sea
77
Why were many later Roman emperors of Illyrian origin
Rome had to have a strong military presence there & many soldiers retired in that area and their sons went into the military. At that time, emperors came from military achievement rather than from a royal family. Claudius II & Aurelian were not previous emperors sons or nephews
78
How was Voidokilia Beach in Greece significant in The Odyssey
Near Pylos Greece in Peloponnese it’s the setting where Telemachus meets Nestor while searching for his father, Odysseus
79
Who were the Mycenaeans?
The earliest Greek culture with started on the southern island, Peloponessese., beginning circa 1600BC and peaking 1300BC, their script was the precursor to the Greek alphabet
80
The ancient Minoans hail from?
The island of Crete and influenced the Mycenaeans
81
In ancient history, who was Nestor?
In the Iliad, Nestor was a Greek warrior king who had a great castle in Pylos. He was an old man during the Trojan war and was able to return home. In the Odyssey, Nestor welcomed Telemachus to Pylos
82
Was Nestor an actual, historical Ancient Greek king?
Though a great palace at Pylos mentioned in the Iliad and Odyssey has been found, there’s nothing indicating a person named Nestor actually exists
83
Why is the Combat Agate from the Griffin Warrior’s tomb such an extraordinary relic?
A very detailed engraving on a stone only one inch long. This would’ve been sculpted circa 1500-1450 BC. Such finely detailed miniature work from that time is remarkable. (Why Griffin warrior) ivory plate with. Griffin on it was prominent when tomb was discovered
84
When did the Minoan culture peak?
17 century BC, before Mycenae
85
What does “pelele” mean?
Dummy in Spanish
Spain Spanish according to Mauricio
86
What is the mosque-cathedral of Córdoba?
A beautiful mosque built in 786AD and taken over and turned into a cathedral after Ferdinand iii Spain’s king takes it back
87
Who built the mosque in Córdoba?
Abd Al-Rahman in 786, an Umayyad prince who fled Damascus after the Abbasids took over.
88
What is a mihrab?
A prayer niche inside a mosque which signifies the direction of mecca
89
Before the mosque was built, what other houses of worship were built in Córdoba?
Romans built a temple to Janus in 2nd century BC.
Around 572 AD, Visigoths built a Christian basilica that Al-Rahman demolished.
90
What’s a minaret?
Something you see in mosques.”minaret” means “beacon” The tower from which the faithful are called to prayer 5 times a day by a muezzin.
91
What is an apse?
a projecting part of a building (such as a church) that is usually semicircular in plan and vaulted
92
What’s a thanagarian?
Someone from Thanagar. Like Hawkman or Hawkwoman, a DC universe fictional thing.
93
Where was Dalmatia?
Southern Croatia with its islands
94
About Diocletian?
Of humble origins, rise through military ranks
Abdicated rather than be assassinated as many emperors were
Last great persecutor of Christian’s
Biggest contribution: the tetrarchy, rule of four
95
When was Diocles (Diocletian) emperor?
284-305 AD
96
How did Diocletian’s tetrarchy work
Empire was divided into two, East and West, ruled by Augusti and under each a caesare, designated heir. He did this bc empire was two big for one man to rule alone.
97
Roman emperors before Constantine I?
Claudius II Gothicus
Quintillus (just 207 AD
Aurelian
Tacitus,Florian,Probus, Carus, Numerian, Carinus, Diocletian, the split, …Constantine I reunified the empire
98
We’re the Illyrian emperors actually Illyrian?
They were descendants of Romans who moved to Illyria or romanized Members of Illyrian tribes. Pre-Roman Illyria was made up of several distinct tribes with their own languages that went extinct after Roman conquest.
99
Where’s Abkhazia?
A region of Georgia with Russian control, the north point of Georgia along the Black Sea where the world’s deepest cave is.
100
Countries right between the Black and Caspian Seas?
Georgia (North touches Black Sea) Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan
101
What’s a criollo
Native breed of horse found in Patagonia
A person born I. Spanish America (esp. of Spanish descent)
102
What does kumu hula mean?
Hula teacher
103
What does kuleana mean?
Responsibility in Hawaiian
104
What was the original purpose of hula dancing before it became a tourist thing?
It was a way for Hawaiians to tell their history and mythology and keep it alive and pass it on. Hawaiian wasn’t a written language until 1820
105
In what year did Hawaii become a state?
1959
106
Where’s La Soufriére volcano? When did it last erupt?
Island of St. Vincent in the Caribbean. It’s a young & active volcano that erupted in 2020
107
History of La Soufrière’s destruction
1812 indigenous people enslaved & forced to live close to volcano. Before British came, they all lived on the coast
1902-1903 many died
1979
2020 starts out goopy, then became explosive
108
Basaltic andesite lava tends to…
Be stickier soon gas gets trapped inside and has trouble getting out. Explosiveness happens when it suddenly breaks free. (Re: La Soufrière)
109
What’s a paroxysm?
A sudden violent attack, explosion or expression of emotion
110
In ancient times, were people known as the Celts found only in Ireland, Scotland and Wales?
No, a people sharing a language, culture and belief system traded with the Greeks along the Rhône. Historically noted in France and Turkey. 3rd century BC conquering northern Italy. Hallstat, Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Czech
111
What’s the Hallstatt culture?
A likely Celtic Bronze Age people who flourished circa 800 BC around Hallstatt Austria. Their wealth likely came from salt mining.
112
Where does the Rhône river start and end and which countries does it flow through.
Starts from Rhône glacier in Swiss Alps, runs through Switzerland through lake Geneva and into France into the Mediterranean in Arles in Provence, France.
113
Thé Rhône merged with what French River?
The Saône River near Lyon
114
What were some of Cate Blanchett’s first roles and when?
Janie Morris in G.P. (1989)
Police Rescue (1994)
Bianca in Bordertown (1995)
Feature film debut in Paradise Road (1997)
115
Where was Cate Blanchett born?
Melbourne, Australia
116
Cate Blanchett has won Oscars for
Twice
Blue Jasmine (lead) Woody Allen movie (NY socialite goes humble)
And The Aviator (supporting) plays Katherine Hepburn
117
What famous movies has Cate Blanchett been in?
Galadriel - all the Tolkien movies
Hela- Thor Ragnarok
Indiana Jones & the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (Irina Spalko)
Cinderella - Lady Tremaine
Curious Case of Benjamin Button
Robin Hood 2010, Lady Marian
Ocean’s Eight
The Aviator
The Talented Mr. Ripley
Babel
Blue Jasmine
Elizabeth
Hot Fuzz
Elizabeth, the Golden Age
118
How many times has Cate Blanchett played Queen Elizabeth I?
Twice
119
What is Vale do Amanhecer?
The main worship center of a religion that believes they are incarnations of aliens who came to earth to advance the civilization.
120
What does Vale do Amanhecer mean?
Sunrise Valley or Valley of the Sun in Portuguese
121
Describe the place that is Vale do Amanhecer
It’s a lakeside temple complex in Planaltina, a satellite city of Brasilia. It looks like a miniature theme park almost. Very brightly colored monuments with symbols from Judaism Christianity and beliefs from around the world including a yellow pyramid celebrating Nefertiti, King Tut etc.
122
What do the followers of Vale do Amanhecer believe?
That they are incarnations of the aliens who visit earth and advance civilization. Doctrine combines elements of Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Inca, Ancient Egypt. Members are known as mediums and their current incarnation is the jaguars. Wear very colorful costumes resembling clothes from revered cultures, India, Ancient Greece, indigenous South American
123
Who is Vale do Almanhecer’s founder.
Neiva Chavez Zelaya
In 1959. She was a widow driving a truck during Brasília’s construction . Believes she experienced a series of psychic episodes that were visits by spirits from an extra terrestrial world.
124
World’s longest cave system?
Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, also Kentucky’s only National park.
125
What were the Cave Wars in Kentucky?
Landowners searched for and claimed other parts of the cave as their own to make a profit off tourism. Resulted in competition, court battles and cataclysmic feuds
126
When were the Cave Wars in the Mammoth Cave area?
1900s - 1925
127
What ended the Mammoth Cave wars?
Floyd Collins became trapped and died after trying to expand his family’s failing cave business. This led owners to work with federal officials to make the area a protected park.
128
When did Mammoth caves become a National park?
1941
129
African Americans historic role in the Mammoth Caves.
First, served as guides and helped map the caves as enslaved people. After the Civil War,many children & grandchildren worked alongside whites as paid guides. When it became a National park in 1941, government refused to employ
black guides 😣
During the War of 1812, enslaved laborers lines nitrates to be processed into salt Peter to be made into gunpowder
130
How big are the Mammoth Caves?
412 miles of underground passageways stacked on top of each other in 5 different levels.
An estimated 600 miles are still unexplored !
131
Who was Stephen Bishop?
An enslaved man who, beginning in 1838, courageously explored and mapped Mammoth caves with only a rope and a lantern. He was 17.
132
Archeological evidence shows that native Americans explored Mammoth Caves when?
Between 2,000 and 4,000 years ago. First three levels
133
Who was Constantine I’s father?
Flavius Constantius, a Roman army officer of Illyrian origin who had been one of the four rulers of the Tetrarchy.
134
Where was Constantine I born?
Naissus, Dacia
135
Where was Dacia?
Western/north/central Romania
136
What was Constantine I real name?
Flavius Valerius Constantinus
137
Where was Moesia?
Balkans. Serbia, part of Bulgaria and Macedonia
138
What did Constantine I do to the tetrarchy and East West Kingdom?
Fought with and defeated all of them thus unifying Rome once more in the name of God.
139
What was The Edict of Milan?
Issued by Constantine and Licinius, declared tolerance for Christianity and returned property confiscated during the persecutions. Issued in 313 AD
140
Who did Constantine I fight on his way to becoming sole emperor of Rome?
Maxentius, Severus, (Western)
Maximian joined Constantine against his son. Licinius (Constantine’s ally and Eastern emperor
141
Who were Mattison (Mat) Bransford and Nick Bransford ?
Two more enslaved men who served as Mammoth Cave guides as did their sons & grandsons.
142
Define extant
Existing, still in existence, not destroyed or lost
143
Which came first, Elijah or Elisha?
Elijah
144
According to 1 Kings when did Elijah anoint Elisha.
After Elisha’s experience with God speaking in a gentle whisper on the mountain.
145
What’s Mariah Carey’s real name? Where was she born?
Mariah Angela Carey
Born in Huntington NY
146
Constantine’s conversion story
On his way to meet opponent, Maxentius to the Battle of Milvian Bridge in 312 AD, Constantine saw a cross of light with the message “In this sign, conquer”. That night, inna dream, Jesus appeared to him telling him to carry the sign of the cross into battle.. Constantine immediately changed the banners & though outnumbered, he won.
147
What family members did Constantine I murder/have murdered?
His second wife, Fausta and heir apparent son, Crispus, with his first wife. Reasons are unclear but regretted it as a sin
later in life. One story is that Crispus tried to seduce her and Constantine killed him in a fit of rage. Later finding she claimed falsely, had her suffocated in her bath. Other stories that they were planning treason or that both committed adultery though not with each other and the emperor had a fit of rage.
148
What was Frank Drake’s contribution to the Pioneer spacecraft launched in 1972
He created a map pointing aliens to where earth was?
149
How did Frank Drake’s map show where Earth is?
It triangulates our solar system’s location using pulsars. Their individual high rotation rate is the identifier. It looks like an asterisk with hatch marked lines of varying length indicating the rotation period of the pulsar
150
Why is hydrogen used as a marker on Frank Drake’s map?
When a hydrogen electron flips the direction of its spin, it emits a radio wavelength .21 cm which it the distance light travels in 0.7 nanoseconds
151
In astronomy, what are globular clusters?
Dense groups of hundreds of thousands of ancient stars. The incredible stellar density (lotsa stars close to each other) leads to collisions and interactions
152
Where are globular clusters located in comparison with regular star groups?
They’re not on the main plane/disk of the galaxy. But above or below it, giving galaxy a more spherical appearance if viewed from the side.
153
How did Scott Ransom improve upon Drake’s map for the aliens?
Ransom selected millisecond pulsars with extinct binary companions as the markers to triangulate earth’s location. His map will be accurate for billions of years. Used pulsars in globular clusters outside the galaxies plane.
154
What are millisecond pulsars?
Pulsars that’s rotate even faster than regular pulsars. Their rotational period is measured in fractions of a second.
155
What makes a millisecond pulsar spin so fast?
It needs to be part of a binary system where it siphons mass off its partner over billions of years.
156
Millisecond pulsars are mostly found in?
Globular clusters where stars are older than those in our galaxy’s disk and closer together.
157
What do bumblebees do to get plants to flower?
Bite their leaves.
158
Historical significance of UK’s Crystal Palace Park and year it opened?
Opened in 1854 and was the world’s first public dinosaur showcase. The statues seem outdated bc science has uncovered so much more information that forces up to rethink dinosaurs’ appearances.
159
Where did the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs hit?
Thé Yucatan peninsula 66 million years ago
160
What is the Chicxulub Impactor?
The name of the asteroid or comet that hit the earth and killed the dinosaurs.
161
How big is the crater from the Chicxulub Impactor?
93 miles wide and 12 miles deep
162
Who is the voice of Jack Skellington?
Chris Sarandon, but Danny Elfman does the singing.
163
What was the main thing that the First Reform Act of 1832 accomplished ?
Changed representation to account for growing cities. Disenfranchised “rotten Burroughs” where fewer people lived and the very wealthy had too much power. Expanded representation to include small land owners and shopkeepers
164
Who was king when the First Reform Act of 1832 was passed?
King William IV (between Georges and Victoria)
165
Who was Lord Earl Grey?
A whig party prime minister who came to power in 1830. He wanted parliamentary reform with more Whig representation from the newly developing middle class.
166
What was the Glorious Revolution in UK’s history?
The deposition of Catholic King James II to be replaced by his daughter Mary II and her husband William III. (James’ nephew) a rather quick, bloodless internal coup.
167
Let’s try again. When did England become a constitutional monarchy?
1689 Bill of Rights shifted power to the parliament. William III and Mary II
168
What countries are on the Adriatic Sea
Italy (west)
Croatia, Montenegro, Albania
And Slovenia
169
How much coastline does Slovenia have on the Adriatic Sea?
47 kilometers
170
What are UK’s two main political parties through the years?
Whigs and Tories.
171
How did England’s political parties get their names?
Whigs: from whigamores who were Scottish Presbyterians who were known for rioting against the established church.
Tories: Catholic highwaymen & robbers in Ireland
172
What were the caudilteryx and microraptor?
Prehistoric dinobirds?
Caudipteryx had small wings and ran on the ground
Microraptor flew. It’s tail was septentlike and it had long feathers in its legs
173
How has the appearance of the spinosaurus changed since 2014?
We now think it spent most of its time in the water and had a long paddle like tail good for swimming and hunting fish
174
What gives eggs their colors?
Biliverdin (greenish) and
Protoporphyrin
175
Caribbean harbor that was famously a haven for pirates?
Port Royal, Jamaica
176
How did Port Royal become a haven for pirates.
England takes Jamaica from Spain who colonized it first and welcomes pirate activity targeted at Spanish ships.
177
What years was Port Royal at its peak for pirating?
1657-1692
178
What destroyed Port Royal?
A massive earthquake and tsunami in 1692 sunk a large portion of the town.
179
Who was Captain Morgan?
Henry Morgan was a pirate who gained knighthood and political power and wealth from England for his exploits against Spain. He successfully attached Panama City, Maracaibo, Puerto Principe I. cuba and Portobelo, Panama
180
What was Ulysses S. Grant doing when the Civil War before the attack on Ft. Sumpter?
Grant had left the military in 1854 and was working as a clerk in his father’s leather store in Galena, Illinois.
181
Who was Howard Pyle?
A 19th century author who wrote and illustrated “Howard Pile’s Book of Pirates” His romanticized stories of pirates shaped how pirates were portrayed and though of henceforth.
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Buccaneer was used to describe…
England sanctioned privateers/pirates during the 17th century (1600s)
183
When did England start to punish and condemn piracy?
In the early 18th century (1700s)
After the earthquake
184
Where was Ulysses S. Grant educated?
US Military Academy at West Point. Graduated 1843. Was an unremarkable student.
185
What did Grant do when he learned of the attack on Ft. Sumpter?
Led proceedings at the town meeting and organized and drilled recruits for the volunteer army.
186
What was the 21st Illinois Volunteer Infantry?
Was commanded by Colonel Ulysses S. Grant.
187
What officially began the Civil War?
The South’s attack on Ft. Sumpter near Charleston South Carolina
188
Where’s Jehu in the Bible?
2 Kings 9 & 10 (his murderous rampage against Ahab & idolaters)
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What does Jehu do when he becomes king of Isreal
Goes on a God sanctioned murderous rampage killing Ahab, Jezebel, all their descendants and the ministers of Baal.
190
When did the kingdom of Judah have a queen?
841-835 Athaliah, for 6 years, mother of Ahaziah who Jehu killed. She was wicked and had all her grandchildren killed except Joash who had been hidden away. Also, she was Jezebel’s daughter
191
Who was Jehosheba in the Bible?
2 Kings 11, daughter of King Jehoram, sister of Ahaziah, married to Jehoiada, the high priest. She hid her nephew Joash at the temple of the Lord to protect him from Athaliah.
192
How did the Union prepare for war on the rivers?
Water operations were entrusted to the army. James Eads was given the job. He converted two steamboats, sheathing them in armor, and built 7 ironclads.
193
In the Civil War, what were Pook’s turtles?
The gunboats built by naval architect, Samual Pook to use for the Union army. They were fitted with 13 canons, a protective metal top and flat bottom for maneuvering in shallow waters.
194
Grant’s first big victories in the Civil War?
Fort Henry and Donelson which led to capture of Nashville, Tennessee
195
What did Andrew Hull Foote do during the Civil War?
He commanded the Western Gunboat Flotilla.
196
While jarosite is a rare mineral on earth, it’s found in abundance where?
On Mars
It requires water to form
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What’s the chemical formula for jarosite? Where is it found on earth?
KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
As a mining waste
Around volcano vents
In trace amounts very deep in Antarctic ice
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In order to form, jarosite needs…
Acidic dust and water
199
What is painite
One of or maybe the rarest mineral on earth.1951 only two existed. By 2004 two dozen specimens
200
World’s 5 rarest gemstones
Tanzanite, red beryl, black opal, alexandrite, painite,
201
What’s the difference between exergy and energy?
The main important difference between energy and exergy: energy is conserved, while exergy, a measure of energy quality or work potential, can be consumed.
202
What is exergy?
In thermodynamics, the exergy of a system is the maximum useful work possible during a process that brings the system into equilibrium with a heat reservoir, reaching maximum entropy.
203
Zoran Rant coined what word in 1956?
Exergy
204
The life cycle of a jellyfish?
Egg (sexual fertilization)
Planula (little moving oval)
Polyp
Budding polyp
Ephyra (immature free swimming jelly)
Medusa (what we see swimming in water)
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Two ways jellyfish can reproduce
Sexually by releasing sperm & eggs into water. Asexually as a polyp. Some polyps divide or bud into multiple ephyrae
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What animal can revert from mature to young again?
A type of jellyfish called turritopsis or the immortal jelly. When stressed, it turns into a ball, sinks to the ground & becomes a polyp again!
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What is strobila with regards to the jellyfish life cycle?
Schyphozoans go through the process of strobilation during the polyp phase meaning the polyp splits into 10-15 plate like segments stacked atop each other. Each one breaks off and becomes an individual ephyra.
208
Four major union generals during the Civil War?
Ulysses S. Grant
William Tecumseh Sherman
George Mclellan
Joshua Chamberlain
209
What happened to Grant & his men at Shiloh.
After the victories of Ft. Donelson & Henry, Grant advanced up the Tennessee River & set up camp near a little church called Shiloh. They did not expect to be attacked offensively by Johnston. Grant technically won, but many lives were lost. 13,000 union casualties. 10,000 confederate
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Why did the Union target Vicksburg, Mississippi
Vital artery through which the Confederacy received shipments from Louisiana, Texas & Arkansas. It also stood between Union occupied New Orleans and Memphis.
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What was Grant’s plan to take Vicksburg?
Encircle it like a snake, gunboats approaching on the river on one side, Grant approached from southwest and Sherman came from the North. It worked.
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What does “brevet” mean in the military?
Being given a higher rank for outstanding service without all the formalities such as pay.
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After the victory at Vicksburg, Grant
Was made head of the entire Union army. He was successful in the west, but the union was losing in the Eastern part of the Confederacy
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What’s a prokaryote?
A single celled organism with no nucleus encased in a membrane.
E.g. bacteria and archaea
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What’s the difference between archaea and bacteria?
Both have no nucleus. Very similar. Cell walls are made from different substances. Archaea tend to exist in harsh environments eg very saline water, hot springs and animal guts
Archaea can’t produce spores or cause sickness and are part of our gut microbiome
They seem alike but are completely different on a molecular and DNA level.
216
Difference between how white and red wine is made?
Not just using dark colored or light colored grapes. White wine can be made with any color. With white wine, only the juice is fermented. With red, skins seeds, pulp, everything is fermented
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What is the Mimivirus?
The largest and most complicated virus known.
Bigger than some bacteria.
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Mimivirus was first discovered in…?
1992 in amoebas
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What animal kingdom are viruses in?
None. They do not respire or metabolize. Cannot copy their DNA to reproduce without a host.
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Definition of mobilome
The entirety of the mobile (transposable) elements of a genome.
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What are virophages?
Viruses that infect other viruses. In 2008 Larry, Curly and Moe, 3 types of tiny viruses were discovered inside Mimiviruses
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What’s a mamavirus?
A large type of mimivirus
223
Who was the first to write about Atlantis?
Plato, in Critias, in 4th century BC
360 BC
224
Plato’s description ofAtlantis?
Contained people who were half god, very advanced, physical beauty & moral excellence. Geography was concentricidlands separated by a moat,one canal penetrated to the center. They were a great naval power. Beyond the Strait of Gibraltar. Existed 5000 years before his own time, utopian, had precious metal and gems and exotic wildlife. Was destroyed by the gods bc people had become corrupt
225
What is Lemuria
A now disproven place, a lost continent, in the Indian Ocean that once connected the lands and explains why similar species are found in very different places. This was before we knew about plate tectonics
226
Before She-Hulk, what role was Tatyana Maslany famous for?
Orphan Black
227
Can science tell us anything substantial about the existence of other universes?
There’s no direct evidence or way to test the multi universe idea but our current observations & understanding of the universe necessitate the existence of others. Some say the improbability of everything that makes life possible suggests we’re one of many, rather than acknowledging existence of God.
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Nikodem Poplowski’s theory about black holes.
They’re actually wormholes into another universe according to mathematical models of the matter falling into a black.hole.
229
From Where is the James Web Space Telescope going to observe the universe?
It’s going to orbit a spot called L2 where the sun and earth-moon gravity all balance each other. L2 is 1 million miles away. It should be able to stay in this spot relative to the earth.just outside earth/moons orbit
230
What type of radiation has the shortest wavelength and highest energy
X-ray & Gamma rays
(Gamma rays have most)
Ultraviolet light btwn visible light & Xray
231
What types of radiation have longer wavelengths?
Infrared
Microwave
Radio
232
How will the James Webb Space Telescope be kept as cold as it needs to be to detect infrared waves?
With a 5 layered tennis court sized sun shield made of very thin layers Kapton. The space between the successively closer layers is designed so heat can exit in the sides & not go anywhere near the equipment.
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What are sloths’ habitat?
The tropical rain forests of central and South America?
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Panama borders what South American country?
Columbia
235
Do sloths make good pets?
No but they’re illegally trafficked in Columbia. Most of the babies taken from their mothers die.
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What two types of sloths are there in South America?
The two-toed sloth and the three-toed sloth.
2 toed tend to be more agressive
237
Where is the book of Titus in the Bible?
After the Timothies before Philemon which is before Hebrews
238
Very famous song by the Troggs?
Wild Thing
239
The movie The Lost Boys takes place in what fictional town?
They moved there from?
Santa Carla
Phoenix
240
Acidy substances have what type of ph?
A ph lower than 7
Orange juice:ph=4
Water is neutral ph 7
Bleach ph = 13 (very basic)
241
What trees are poisonous and not good for extracting water from leaves?
Yew laurel buckeye horse chestnut black locust buckeye rhododendron
242
What is the reduction theory of the origin of viruses?
States that viruses arose from single celled organisms. Backwards evolution. Also called regressive hypothesis
243
Who is Oswald the Lucky Rabbit
One of Walt Disney’s first creations. Very Mickey Mouse looking.
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Oswald the Lucky Rabbit was first scene in which animated short & when?
Trolley Troubles
In 1927
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Why might Oswald look so similar to Mickey Mouse?
Walt Disney lost the rights to Oswald when universal producer Charles Mintz forced Walt out of the company and had other animators work on Oswald. So Disney created and was sure to always own Mickey Mouse.
246
Cilantro comes from the same plant as…?
Coriander
247
Who does Monster Mash?
Bobby “Boris” Pickett
248
What are antiparticles in simple terms?
A subatomic particle having the same mass as another particle but opposite charge
249
Who first predicted the existence of antimatter ?
Paul Dirac in 1928. while trying to combine quantum mechanics, which describes subatomic particles, and Einstein's theory of relativity.
250
What is a positron
An electron but positively charged
251
In Greek mythology, who was Cybele?
The Greco-Roman mother godess. Cures Dionysus of his Hera-caused madness.
252
Filippo Brunelleschi’s greatest accomplishment?
Thé Dome of Florence on the cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore. It’s the largest brick & mortar dome in the world.
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Brunelleschi’s rival and winner of the contest to design new doors to Florence’s Baptistry of San Giovanni?
Lorenzo Ghiberti
254
Why were people stunned and dubious about Brunelleschi’s dome plans?
Brunelleschi was going to build the dome without beams, scaffolding or any support system.
255
How long did it take to build the dome of Florence?
1420-1471
256
What’s painted on the inside of the dome of Florence?
Frescoes depicting the last judgement begun by Giorgio Vasari, finished by Federico Zuccaro in 1579
257
How big is the Dome of Florence compared to St. Peter’s basilica?
Florence:180 feet across
St. Peter’s 164
258
When do positrons occur naturally ?
In Beta plus radioactive decay and when gamma interacts with matter. They don’t stick around long though bc the world is full of electrons for them to hit and annihilate
259
What have paleontologists learned from using modern technologie to study the inside of dinosaurs’ skulls more closely?
1. Ankylosaurus had crazy straw shaped nasal passages to cool blood flowing to the brain when they breathed
2. T. Rex had large cavernous sinuses to vent heat.
260
What’s interesting about the lambeosaur’s brain?
Lambeosaur’s cerebral cortex is over 40% of its brain, larger than nearly all other dinosaurs
261
Bhart-Anjan Bhullar’s discovery about dinosaurs ?
Juvenile birds have the same characteristics as dinosaurs. Supports theory that birds evolved from dinosaurs
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Carl Anderson’s contribution to science?
First to prove existence of positron in 1932.
263
What are cosmic rays? What are cosmic rays made of?
High energy charged particles moving around/at the speed of light, x-rays and gamma rays. Come from the sun during a solar flare. Also come from within and outside our galaxy. Mostly charged protons, atomic nuclei.
264
Gamma rays are made of…
photons, weightless particles, not protons or other particles.
265
How did Carl Anderson prove the existence of positrons.
Anderson was using a cloud machine to study cosmic rays. He wasn’t looking for positrons. Certain tracks showed particles were positively charged but much less massive than a proton. As if a positively charged electron.
266
How did Carl Anderson’s cloud chamber/cloud machine work?
There’s a magnet, a lead plate, a camera, and vapor. When a particle passes through, vapor forms, producing a track, like airplane flying through sky. Droplets are produced when radiation or particles pass through vapor.. magnetic field was produced by a coil.
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Who invented the cloud chamber?.
Or Wilson cloud chamber. Charles Wilson, a graduate student in 1895 was studying cloud formation. He created the chamber and discovered that droplets would form in the absence of dust particles. Electric current causes droplets to form. His machine became an early way to study subatomic particles
268
About Harpy eagles
Habitat once Mexico to Northern Argentina. Now just Amazon
Claws can be larger than a grizzly bears
Females are bigger that males
Can weigh up to 24 lbs heaviest of all eagles
Apex predators of Amazon canopy
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What is Brazilian biologist, Everton Miranda’s tactic for conservation of the Amazon rainforest?
Prevent deforestation by educating and encouraging people to make money off the rainforest without destroying it such as ecotourism, collecting Brazilian nuts.
270
What of the archeological site known as Chogha Zanbil?
Located in what was Elam in southwest Iran, one of the few ziggurats outside of Mesopotamia. Untash Napirisha king started construction of the ziggurat and temple complex known as Dur Untashi circa 1300BC. He died & it wasn’t completely finished. It was later raised by Ashurbanipal, but some treasures remained for archeologists to find.
271
Where does the Appalachian Trail begin and end
Northern Georgia to Maine
272
What are the United States 4 main long trails ?
The Appalachian Trail, The Continental Divide, Pacific Crest, and Pacific Northwest Trail.
273
What states does The Continental Divide National Trail traverse?
Border of Mexico in Western New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho past Yellowstone, Montana
274
Which long trail is the longest continuous trail in the US? How long is it?
The Continental Divide National Scenic Trail? 3,100 miles
275
What’s a lady in waiting
A female attendant to royalty
276
What’s remarkable about the construction of the Dome of Florence?
It was built without the aid of any supporting system.
First double shelled dome design
Stone-chain rings keep bottom parts of the dome from splaying out due to gravity.
277
What did Filippo Brunelleschi do with an egg at the Opera del Duomo and why?
The Opera del Duomo was where architects pitched their plans for building the dome of Florence. Brunelleschi refused to reveal how he would build the huge dome without supports. He challenged the other architects to stand an egg upright on the table. They couldn’t. He cracked the bottom of the egg to make it stand. He said in the same way, if he revealed his design tactics, they would build it without him.
278
The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore containing the dome of Florence…?
…is the largest dome of its kind spanning 180 feet.
279
How long did it take to build the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore?
How long to build the dome?
Building: 175 years
Dome: 51 years
280
Who played Holly in “The Office “? What else has she been in?
Amy Ryan
Brazo’s girlfriend in Only Murders In The Building
Season 3 In Treatment
Gone Baby Gone - movie
Beautiful Boy
Win Win
Supporting roles:
Capote
Changeling
Birdman
281
Function of mitochondria in animal cells?
Generate energy in the form of ATP from oxygen and nutrients
282
What are ribosomes?
The ribosome is universally responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating the genetic code transcribed in mRNA into an amino acid sequence. Ribosomes use cellular accessory proteins,
(Makes proteins by linking amino acids together)
283
What’s the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Smooth: synthesize lipids for cell membrane
Rough: rough bc has ribosomes all over it. RER transports proteins & lipids throughout the cell
284
Function of Golgi apparatus/golgi bodies
Transportation
285
What do lysosomes do in animal cells
Round with membrane around holding acidic content for digestion and breakdown. Breaks down large molecules for cell use
286
Other famous long trails throughout the world?
Trans Canadian Trail, recently built, longest in the world?
The Grand Italian Trail, across tte Italian Alps & through the country
Hokkaido Nature Trail
Te Araroa- New Zealand, across both islands
287
What is the other ship burial site in England?
Snape in Suffolk, first excavated in 1827. Then in 1862
288
About the helmet found at Sutton-Hoo?
Most elaborate of the four complete Anglo Saxon helmets found to date. Silver wire, garnets and a boar’s head adorn eyebrows. Center nose mustache looks like flying serpent . Horned soldiers dancing with spears are also on helmet
289
Most interesting artifacts from Sutton Hoo?
The helmet
Pair of Byzantine spoons
Bitumen from Syria
Bronze hanging bowl with fish on rotating pedestal
Intricate buckle made of over 400 grams of gold
Intricately inlaid purse clasp
Textiles showing technique used in Syria
Sword belonging to left handed
Silver platter made in Constantinople during reign of Anastasius I
Maple wood lyre
290
Where were ships buried beside Anglo-Saxon
Norway, Sweden…Scandinavia
