Trivia 3 Flashcards
(309 cards)
1
Q
What’s the medical term for sweating blood?
A
Hematidrosis,
Also hematihidrosis
Hemidrosis
2
Q
What is believed to cause hematidrosis?
A
Capillaries bursting near sweat glands usually during periods of intense stress.
3
Q
Historical mentions of hematidrosis?
A
3rd century BC Aristotle mentioned in “Parts of Animals” associated with cachectic state
Galen, 2nd century Greek physician
Jesus Luke 22:44
Leonardo Da Vinci a soldier facing/after battle
4
Q
What is cachexia
A
Loss of appetite, fatigue, wasting away, weight loss, decreased strength.
(Wasting syndrome)
5
Q
What is hypovolemic shock?
A
Condition in which blood plasma (liquid part of blood) is too low.
6
Q
Symptoms of hypovolemic shock?
A
Weakness, fatigue, dizziness, thirst, fainting, fast heart rate, pallor, mental confusion, sleepiness
Caused by excessive bleeding, vomiting or diarrhea
7
Q
What is shock? (Medical condition)
A
Life threatening and occurs when body is not getting enough blood flow so cells and organs aren’t getting enough oxygen.
8
Q
5 main types of shock
A
- Cardiogenic shock (due to heart problems)
- Hypovolemic shock(blood volume)
- Anaphylactic shock (allergic reaction$
- Septic shock (infection)
- Neurogenic shock (damage to nervous system)
9
Q
12 Symptoms of shock
A
- Agitation/restlessness
- Bluish lips, fingernails
- Chest pain
- Confusion
- Dizziness lightheadedness
- Pale, cool, clammy skin
- Profuse sweating, moist skin
- Rapid weak pulse
- Shallow breathing
- Unconsciousness
- Nausea
- Dilated pupils
10
Q
First aid for shock
A
Call 911, CPR, check breathing, raise legs 12 inches, keep warm, loosen tight clothing
11
Q
The First Opium War?
Between?
When?
Why?
A
China and Great Britain
1839-1842
Britain was illegally smuggling opium into China and creating an addiction crisis.
12
Q
Is Hong Kong part of China?
A
Was under British control after First Opium War 1842 til 1997. Hong Kong is now a special administrative region of China.
13
Q
Julia Child is known for introducing America to…
A
French cuisine
14
Q
What did Julia Child do before becoming a chef?
A
She worked in Sri Lanka for agency that would become CIA, with top security clearance. Created a shark repellent make from copper acetate
Helped with war effort, started as clerk-typist
15
Q
What’s an allotrope?
A
Two or more physical forms an element can take.
I.e. carbon allotropes are, graphite, charcoal, diamonds, graphene.
16
Q
Theories as to why 16th and 17th century cartographers drew so many unnecessary and not factual things on their maps?
A
- Horror vacui, fear of blank spaces
- Didn’t know what was actually there
- Paid by aristocrats for a work of art
Chet Van Duzer, Historian of Cartography
17
Q
Years for Tudor, Stuart, Georgian and Victorian period?
A
Tudor: 1485-1603
Stuart: 1603-1714
Georgian: 1714-1830
Victorian: 1830/37?-1901
18
Q
Fossils are only found in which of the three types of rock?
A
Sedimentary
19
Q
When water freezes it…
A
Expands, other material contracts
20
Q
What breaks down a mountain or stone structure?
A
Ice wedging and root wedging. Breaks big rocks into smaller ones
21
Q
What’s an intense fear of bees called?
A
Melissophobia or apiphobia
22
Q
What is graphene?
A
Only known 2-dimensional substance, a one atom thick lattice of carbon atoms that is much stronger and more conductive than anything known to man.
23
Q
Who’s credited with discovering graphene?
A
Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov (Great Britain)
24
Q
Carbon atoms in graphene are arranged…
A
Hexagonally allowing them to lay flat
25
Molecular structure of diamonds are ...
| Lonsdaleite?
Cubic
Lonsdaleite is diamond with hexagonal structure
26
What is a Macguffin, McGuffin?
Something the characters in fiction really care about, but the audience does not.
Plot device that helps drive the narrative forward
27
“Rosebud” is from what movie?
Citizen Kane
28
What is dyneema
Cuben fiber, one of the strongest materials in the world, an ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene,Netherlands based DSM only company that makes the stuff, super strong fiber,
29
Toughest naturally occurring biological material?
The silk from Darwin’s Bark Spider, found in Madagascar, tougher that Kevlar, a
Also largest known orb webs
30
What’s a spidroin?
Proteins found in spider silk.
31
Spidroins from Darwin’s Bark Spider contain a lot of which amino acid?
Proline, possibly contributing to its unique toughness
32
What and when were the Punic Wars? Between whom?
264-146 BC between Rome and Carthage.
33
Who was Hannibal, the historical figure?
Carthaginian general during second Punic War.
34
Who was Hamilcar Barca?
Hannibal’s Father, great Carthaginian general during first Punic War
35
Eschatology is the study of...
End times
36
What is etiology?
Cause of a disease
Cause or reason for something
37
What is etymology?
The study of the origin of words
38
What makes dyneema so strong?
Very long molecular chains that transfer weight to polymer backbone, yet so light, it floats
Made from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, more polymer bonds to break, long polymers
39
What does molecular weight refer to?
The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule with hydrogen weighing more than oxygen mass 16
40
Where was Carthage? Who founded it?
Tunis, Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians of Tyre. Most powerful and affluent entity of Mediterranean before Punic wars. Archeological evidence puts Carthage being founded in 760 BC
41
Legendary/traditional foundation of Carthage?
Founded 814 BC by Queen Dido (also Elissa?) Dido means “beloved”
Possible great niece of Jezebel who married Ahab. Dido is in the Aeneid portrayed as fleeing from her brother, Pygmalion
42
Etymology of Carthage?
Phoenicians dubbed it “New Town” which is “Qart Hadasht”
43
End of Carthage?
After the third Punic War (149-146) Rome enslaved the people and took over.
44
What was Phoenicia?
Also known as biblical Canaan, located north of Israel in Syria and Lebanon, great maritime city with affluent island city of Tyre.
Existed circa 1550 BC - 300 BC
45
What is Hannibal most know for in second Punic War?
Gained backing of Iberian people and marched across Alps with 100,000 troops and 4O war elephants. Able to inflict heavy casualties in Rome but couldn’t get to city of Rome.
46
In the Bible, where’s the Upper Room Discourse”
John 13-16
Jesus speaking to his disciples before the crucifixion.
47
Where does word “rapture” come from?
Originally written in Greek, word used “Harpuzo” means “caught up”. When translated to Latin, used “rapturo” hence that’s where word “rapture”came from
48
What’s interesting about casu marzu cheese
It’s full of writhing maggots, a Sardinian delicacy, the maggots digest the cheese into a creamy paste.
49
Why doesn’t palladium microalloy glass break?
Strain causes shear bands in glass that quickly propagate and become cracks, palladium stops shear bands and cause them to curl back on themselves. It warps or bends rather than breaking. The 5 materials used confuses the crystallization process bc each of the 5 elements want to crystallize in their own form.
50
Egyptian god of death and the underworld?
Osiris
51
Ancient Egypt’s most important goddess?
Isis, wife of Osiris, mother of Horus
Maternal care, wife and mother, divine mourner
52
Egyptian god, Horus
Sky god, depicted as a falcon or with a falcons head. god of war, hunting, divine kingship
53
Which Egyptian god had the long snout and pointy ears? Kinda dog like
Seth, the divine bad guy? god of chaos, violence deserts and storms. Murderer of Osiris
54
Who was Ancient Egypt’s sun god? Snake god?
Re (Ra??) head of a hawk,
Snake god: Apopis
55
What was Egyptian goddess Hathor about?
Depicted as a cow hybrid, goddess of motherhood and fertility, believed to protect women in childbirth
56
Anubis was the god of...
Had the head of...
Funerary practices and care of the dead
Head of a jackal
57
Which Egyptian god had the head of an ibis?
Thoth, god of wisdom and writing,
| Believed to be creator of hieroglyphic script
58
Which Egyptian goddess looked like a cat?
Bastet
59
Who did Egyptian god Amon merge with?
After Thebes successfully rebelled against foreign rulers called Hyskos, Amon given credit and merged with Re to become Amon-Re
60
Who was Egyptian goddess Sekhmet?
Daughter of Re/Ra, head of a lion,
| envisioned leading and protecting pharaohs during war
61
15 of what were found around the Salish Sea in the last 12 years?
Feet, still inside their shoes
62
We’re the Salish Sea feet the work of a serial killer or alien?
No. Dead bodies in the water are eaten by scavengers leaving feet still inside shoes which float
63
Where is the Salish Sea?
On border of Washington and Canada by Olympia and Seattle and going around Vancouver Island
64
Why is increasing the amount of kelp in the ocean with kelp farms a really good idea?
Reduces ocean acidification
Takes up carbon dioxide
As well as excess nitrogen and phosphorus
65
What is gastronomy?
A multidisciplinary study of eating.
Utilized a historical anthropological, economic, socio-cultural, and scientific theories and methodologies, while embracing the sensual,
66
What is molecular gastronomy?
Scientific study of culinary activities which employs the scientific method. Utilizes chemistry and physics
67
What does “haute couture” literally mean in French?
```
Haute = high
Couture = dressmaking
```
Expensive, masterful creation of one piece for one client
68
What is AstraZeneca? What are the concerns?
A Covid vaccine with lower efficacy at preventing symptoms. 69-74% but 100% at preventing hospitalization and death. Immunization halted in Europe after 15th deaths from rate blood clot.
69
What’s interesting about medlar?
A European medieval fruit called “open arse” that is eaten rotten, process called bletting, and is harvested in the winter. Reached its peak in 1600s
70
What is payola?
ounNORTH AMERICAN
the practice of bribing someone to use their influence or position to promote a particular product or interest.
In the
music industry, is the illegal practice of paying a commercial radio station to play a song without the station disclosing this information.
71
Define respire
To breath
ESP. A plant, at night
recover hope, courage, or strength after a time of difficulty.
72
What does “wassail” mean?
N. A hot English holiday alcoholic drink, made with and beer, cider, sugar spices and baked apples
V. To go caroling
To carouse drunkenly
73
Who was the drummer for The Who?
Keith Moon
74
What does anadromous and catadromous mean?
Anadro...live in ocean but migrate to freshwater to reproduce
Catadro...live in freshwater but go into sea to spawn
75
What was Bast/Bastet the goddess of
Bastet (Bast) - The beautiful goddess of cats, women's secrets, childbirth, fertility, and protector of the hearth and home from evil or misfortune. She was the daughter of Ra
76
Egyptian god ptah?
Husband of Sekhmet, god of craftsmen and architects, depicted as green, human
77
When was the Trojan War? How long did it last?
May not have really happened and just be fiction told in Homer’s Iliad. If based on real even, war possibly happened 12th or 11th century BC. 1194-1184. Lasted 10 years, can’t know for sure.
78
How did Helen of Troy cause the 10 Year War
She was married to Meneleus, brother of Agamemnon, King of Mycenea, but decided to leave him and go to Troy with Paris. She’s a fictional, mythical character appearing in the Iliad but her story started before that. Paris made a deal with Aphrodite
79
Helen of Troy’s parents according to myth?
Zeus, in the form of a Swan, seduced Spartan queen Leda, wife of King Tyndareus or her mother is goddess of retribution, Nemesis in bird form.
80
One strange way honeybees fight off large aggressive hornets.
Hot be balls.
Bees swarm on hornet enveloping it in a ball. The quivering of so many honeybee muscle fibers creates a heat (up to 117 Fahrenheit) that kills predators. Honeybees can do this for an hour.
81
What’s another strange way Asian honeybees fight of hornets?
Coating the hive with animal dung. Bees are using tools.
82
Why do Vietnamese eat rats?
In tropical Asia, eating rodents is very common and enjoyed my people. All mammals have same protein content. Not city vermin, but wild rats caught on farms (a profitable side business for farmers) Rats more popular than chicken, eaten mostly in rural agricultural areas.
83
Why do China and Vietnam have bear farms?
Their is a market for bear bile, secreted by the livers, extracted by catheter, to make a panacea medicine. They farm sun bears and Asiatic black bears.
84
Why is the market for bear bile declining.
Over-saturation of market
Government regulations due to cruelty of it
Substance made artificially
85
What is ursodiol?
The bile acid produced by bear livers that is useful in treating liver disease by preventing cholesterol gall stones. Can be made synthetically, so don’t need a real bear.
86
What’s interesting about the British, South African, and Brazilian Covid variants?
They all separately mutated “evolved” a change to their spike protein.
87
What is the purpose of NASA’s DART mission?
Double Asteroid Redirection Test, a plan to slam a spacecraft into a large asteroid and knock it off course.
88
How many space rocks large enough to impact earth cataclysmically pass by each year?
1 or 2
89
On a biochemical level, why is Covid variant B.1.1.7. more dangerous?
The spike protein attaches to the ACE2 receptor protein, which is found on the outer wall of 72 types of human cells. After the virus latches onto the ACE2 receptor, it can enter the host cell, make more copies of itself, and trigger. Variant binds more tightly to ACE2 receptors
90
Who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey?
Homer
91
What’s the difference between the Iliad and Odyssey?
Iliad is about, war, battles and fights.
| Odyssey is a tale of adventures, trials and mythological creatures.
92
The Iliad’s main hero is...
| Odyssey’s main hero is...
Achilles
Odysseus, King of Ithaca.
93
What is Virgil known for?
Roman, born a peasant, wrote the Aeneid btwn 19 and 29 BC
94
Before Google Earth, what was one way to get an aerial photo?
Julius Neubronner, a German apothecary, invented a camera and attached it to pigeons. 1907-1908
95
When was the Iliad written? The Odyssey?
Iliad circa 760 BC
| Odyssey 675-725 BC
96
Who’s Odysseus’s wife?
Penelope
97
Who killed Achilles?
Paris, brother of Hector of Troy
98
In poetry, what’s a “dactyl”
À stressed syllable followed by 2 unstressed syllables.
99
Where’s Mount Rushmore?
South Dakota. Kinda neat Badlands National Park, but not part of it.
NOT in North Dakota’s Theodore Roosevelt National Park
100
What is Virgil’s Aeneid about?
The mythology of the founding of Rome. Aeneas, a Trojan prince and son of Venus escapes Troy as it burns and travels the Mediterranean looking for a new home. Purposeful similarities to Iliad and Odyssey. Dido is in it. Virgil died before it was finished.
101
When was the Edo/Tokugawa Period?
In Japan 1603-1867
I the final period of traditional Japan, (before westernization) a time of internal peace, political stability, and economic growth under the shogunate (military dictatorship) founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu.
102
What’s Edo?
The capital of the Tokugawa Shogunate, modern day Tokyo.
103
What are some features of the Edo Period?
No one allowed to come in or out. Ban on Christianity and missionaries to keep our influence of colonial Spain and Portugal. Social order was officially frozen, no mobility btwn 4 classes: warriors, farmers, artisans and merchants. Confucianism accepted religion, dictatorship, tried to isolate from Western influence
104
What does “shogunate” mean? Who was the founder of the Edo Period?
Shogunate = military dictatorship
Tokugawa Ieyasu
105
What’s a daimyo?
Domanial lords in Japan in the Edo Period. Daimyos were required to maintain households in the capital for several months every other year.
106
What commodities trade flourished during Edo period?
Fine silk and cotton fabrics, paper, porcelain and sake brewing. Merchants became very rich while warriors and daimyos fixed stipend was based on agriculture which had not grown as much
107
Why does it make sense for vultures to have balled heads?
They plunge their heads into rotting meat and viscera. Feathers would be hard to clean.
108
What vital role do vultures play in the ecosystem?
Cleaning up rotting dead things that keeps germs and fly populations in check.
109
Scientists at the university of Oslo have found that humans have what 6 acoustically distinct scream categories?
Which do our brains respond more readily to?
Pain, anger, fear, joy, passion, sadness
Joy
110
Who created bitcoin?
Satoshi Nakamoto
111
What is bitcoin mining?
Bitcoin mining is the process by which new bitcoins are entered into circulation. Bitcoin is created when a computer solves a very complicated computational math problem that can only be solved by very powerful computers. Secondly, Bitcoin miners very Bitcoin transactions to eliminate double spending.
112
Which country accounts for 75 percent of accounts for 75 of Bitcoin blockchain operations globally?
China, this means higher carbon emissions.
113
What is an NFT? How are they harmful to the environment?
Nonfungible tokens,
An NFT is a piece of artwork stamped with a unique string of code and stored on a virtual ledger called a blockchain.
NFTs require massive energy consumption
To add a piece of digital artwork, complex computing puzzle needs to be solved “mint it”
114
What four mega rivers converge in Tokyo?
Arakawa, Sumidagawa, Edogawa, and Tamagawa
115
Edo era Tokyo was compared to what European City?
Venice.
More than 100 rivers and canals flow beneath Tokyo. Today many of them have been built over.
116
What does Sakura mean?
Cherry blossom in Japanese, represents a time of renewal and optimism.
117
In Japan, cherry blossom festivals are known as...
Hanami
118
When do cherry blossoms bloom in Japan?
Mid March, early May for just two weeks, within that time frame
119
What is a “chokki”
Chokkibune” or chokki for short, Edo era water taxis, name means “tusk of a boar”
120
Who are the Uighurs? Uyghur?
A Turkic-speaking people of Central Asia, prominently Sunni Muslim. Historically wanted independence from China, clash with and are oppressed and mistreated by ethnic Chinese (Han)
121
Where do Uighurs live?
Mostly northwestern China, Xinjiang region, also in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan.
122
What is China being accused of in its treatment of the Uighurs?
Rounding them up to “re-education camps” where there’s forced labor, sexual abuse, sterilization of women
Started in 2017, operates outside the legal system, no trials , no charges, allegations of torture and even genocide
123
Where’s the world’s largest waterfall?
Beneath the Denmark Strait which separates Iceland from Greenland.
2000 feet below ocean’s surface water plunges 10,000 feet, nearly a two mile drop. Glow is 123 million cubic feet per second. Larger and more powerful than land ones.
124
How can there be an underwater waterfall?
Cold dense water sinks beneath warmer water and flows over huge drop.
Warm water flows north loses heat to atmosphere and sink.
125
How does the Denmark Strait Cataract compare with the largest land waterfall?
Largest land waterfall.
3, 212 feet
Denmark Strait, 11,500 feet
126
Tallest land waterfall in the world?
Angel Falls, Venezuela 3,212 ft
127
Ashkenazi refers to
Jews or European origin, migrated from Middle East during Roman Empire. Later migration, 10th century settled in Rhineland valley. Very genetically homogeneous population. One study believed all Ashkenazy descended from a small population of approximately 300
128
What does term “Ashkenazy” mean
“German” in medieval Hebrew
| Ashkenaz was a descendant of Japheth
129
Sephardic Jews refers to
Spain, Iberian region, also Northern Africa and Middle East.
130
When was the Rorschach test invented?
In 1917 by Swiss Scientist, Hermann Rorschach
The order cards are presented and ink lots themselves don’t change from test to test
131
Approximately how many species of land snails are found in Cuba?
Roughly 1,400
132
Eastern Cuba near Humboldt National Park is the only habitat for what animal?
Painted snails, vibrantly striped shells of various colors. Latin name:polymita
133
What gives painted snails shells their vibrant colors?
Their diet of moss and lichens.
134
What’s the world’s deadliest snail!
Geographic cone, hides in sand in coral reefs tropical waters. It injects a highly effective painkiller along with its toxins which makes it dangerous and it has killed humans. Habitat indo-pacific
135
Who were the Papin sisters?
Christine and Lea (7 years younger) barely talked to each other but were inseparable. Came from sexually abusive father, family divorced, worked as live in maids for Renè Lancelin 1926. In 1933 they murdered his wife and daughter, smashing in their faces and gouging out their eyes.
136
What made the Papin sisters seem creepy.
They were always together but silent as if telepathic. Came from sexually and physically abusive home. Were institutionalized before became maids. We’re naked in bed when police came, confessed with no remorse, seemed to have a sexual relationship with one another. Also mutilated genitals. Lea had not personally of her own, just an extension of Christine, Christine wouldn’t eat and died in jail
137
Why did Papin sisters murder Leonie and Genevieve Lancelin.
Genevieve became enraged that power went out and iron not working. Christine said it was self defense.
138
Why were some sympathetic to Papin sisters?
Poor worked for wealthy under terrible conditions, 14 hour days with only one half day off. Papin sisters came from abusive home and we’re mentally ill.
139
What happened to Papin sisters.
Christine was sentenced to death, then tried to gauge out her eyes and refused to eat. Death sentence commuted. Lea served 8 years, was released, lived with her mom under different name, lived long and quiet life.
140
What’s interesting about Namibia’s Skeleton Coast?
It’s a desert with vast sand dunes along the ocean punctuated with animal bones and shipwrecks, no signs of civilization. Stretches 500 miles to border of Angola.
141
Why are so many ships wrecked on the Skeleton Coast.
1. One of the foggiest places in the world, cold Antarctic waters meat hot desert air.
2. Many underwater rocks and sandbars
142
How can the Eduard Bohlen shipwreck get to be 1,000 feet away from shore?
Ran aground in 1909. Waves of sand have encroached and moved the shoreline out, so shipwreck seems to have been placed in the middle of the desert.
143
Who was Maximilien Robespierre?
French Revolutionary, distinguished lawyer, radical Jacobin leader, advocated universal suffrage and rights for all people regardless of race or religion. Key figure in Reign of Terror. Participated in writing The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which became the foundation of French constitution.
144
What was the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution?
September 1793-July 1794, the Committee of Public Safety ruled in a dictatorial manner and executed about 17,000 people without trial who were seen as opposition to Jacobins.
145
What was the Thermidorian Reaction during the French Revolution?
A parliamentary revolt against Committee For Public Safety, Robespierre and the Jacobins where Robespierre was executed and Reign of Terror ended. (White terror-execution of Jacobins)
146
How can vultures eat decaying flesh without getting sick?
Highly corrosive bacteria-killing stomach acids.
147
How are vultures’s tongues adapted for what they eat?
The top of the tongue has deep grooves and backwards facing barbs.
148
Greek mythology about the Amazon’s was likely inspired by?
The Scythians whose women were also warriors.
149
What evidence makes us think Amazons were inspired by Scythians?
Several (19) remains of women buried like men, with war wounds and armor and weapons were found in Devitsa Russiasites in Russia. Carbon dating shoes they lived at same time as Scythians. DNA analysis shows they were female.
150
What’s interesting about the remains found in the Tuva Republic?
It was a 13 year old girl buried with an axe, bow and arrows,
151
Some facts about Scythian culture.
```
Nomadic
Very good horseback riders
Highly skilled metalworkers
Designed more deadly bow and arrows
Invented pants
Liked to get high
Women were warriors also
Didn’t write
Drank fermented mares milk
We’re tattooed
Mummified and buried dead in elaborate mounds
```
152
When did Scythians live?
900-200 BC
153
How do you pronounce “Scythian”?
Sihtheeuhn short i
154
Where was Scythia?
Northern part of Black and Caspian Sea, Southern Siberia, Central Asia,
155
What is a Kurgan?
Large, elaborate burial mounds left by the Scythians.
156
Where were Scythians believed to have originated?
Iran
157
What does gloam/gloaming mean?
Archaic form dusk/twighlight
158
How do hyenas and vultures work together while scavenging?
Vultures find the kill, Hyenas eat first ripping up open which, save the largest vultures, most vultures can’t do. When the hyenas are done there’s plenty left for the vulture.
159
What’s the greatest threat to vultures in India?
| In Africa?
India: livestock given anti-inflammatory diclofenac which causes kidney failure in vultures.
Africa: ranchers poison lions and other predators which poisons the vultures when they eat them.
160
In Africa, what’s an alternative ranchers are using to reduce predation of their livestock?
Lining the penned areas with lights at night (solar powered) keeps away predators and elephants.
161
What is threatening the African vulture’s population?
Poisoning predators
Pesticides sprinkled on carrion (I.e.carbofuran)
Locals kill them for magic trinkets
They get injured in power lines
Deforestation of their and their meals habitat.
162
What would be the negative affect of losing the vulture population leaving more mammals to scavenge.
The spread of disease and the carcass taking longer to disappear. Suppress insect populations which cause disease among livestock and wild animals
163
What does the Northern Arctic actually look like?
Not one huge sheet of ice, but rather a jigsaw puzzle of restless floes that are constantly changing.
164
Why is the Arctic getting warmer than the rest of the world?
White snow covered ice reflects sunlight, but when ice melts it, leaves dark ocean water which absorbs sunlight and therefore heat.
165
What was explorer Fridtjof Nansen on the Fram trying to do in the 1890s
The Fram drifted in the Arctic Ice for three years hoping to reach the North Pole. He wasn’t successful 🙁
166
How is the Arctic ice different from a year ago?
Average temperature had risen about 5 degrees. Much less ocean is covered in ice and the ice that’s there is thin, seasonal floes rather than thick old floes.
167
How does Arctic sea ice help cool the planet.
The white ice reflects the sunlight back into space which cools the whole planet.
168
Why is St. Patrick associated with Ireland?
He was from England and taken to be a slave in Ireland. During enslavement, he found God, escaped back to Britain was educated to be a bishop and returned to Ireland as a missionary. Many heard & believed through him.
169
St. Patrick was believed to have lived when?
Born 387 AD
| Died 461 AD? 493Ad
170
Legend states St. Patrick’s original name was ...?
Maewyn Succat
171
Is St. Patrick an actual Saint?
He was never formally canonized by the Catholic Church. There was no formal canonization process during church’s first millennium.
172
St. Patrick’s accomplishments
First major figure to denounce slavery
. His genius was bringing together the old pagan traditions and the new religion together in harmony in Ireland in the 5th century.
173
When is St. Patrick’s day?
March 17th
174
Where does the tradition of eating corned beef and cabbage on St. Patrick’s day come from.
Corned beef and cabbage was not a common meal in Ireland. Poor immigrants to the US ate corned beef from neighboring Jewish butchers and delis.
175
What does “try kantrop” refer to?
A Cambodian species of fish that is considered lucky by the people there. Fish are associated with health, wellbeing and good fortune.
176
How did Cher Ami save the Lost Battalion during World War I.?
Cher Ami was the Battalion’s last homing pigeon. They had gone too far behind enemy lines into Argonne Forest. The others had been shot down by surrounding Germans. Cher Ami had been shot, but got back up and dodged bullets, arriving at his destination wounded. 194 men owe their lives to this bird. 1918
177
Dodos only lived where?
The island of Mauritius.
178
Dodo birds are genetically close to what bird?
Pigeons
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When did Dodos go extinct?
1662 commonly thought
| 1690 new estimate
180
What caused dodo’s extinction?
Dodo had no predators on Mauritius so wasn’t afraid of humans. Habitat loss and invasive species like rats, cats and monkeys probably contributed to extinction more than hunting.
181
How did Christopher Charles help the Cambodians get more iron in their diets?
Dropped a fish shaped iron ingot into soup pot. Doesn’t change the taste.
Christopher Charles is a modern day researcher/doctor
182
What insects to many cultures consider lucky?
Crickets, ladybugs, beetles
183
The Egyptian scarab is modeled after what actual bug?
The Egyptian dung beetle.
| Scarab was as sacred as cross, believed to bring good fortune in this world and next.
184
Where in the world are there no native snakes?
Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, New Zealand, Antarctica.
185
What is the legend about St. Patrick and snakes?
legend holds that the Christian missionary rid the slithering reptiles from Ireland's shores as he converted its peoples from paganism during the fifth century A.D.
St. Patrick supposedly chased the snakes into the sea after they began attacking him during a 40-day fast he undertook on top of a hill.
186
What does oscine mean?
Of or belonging to suborder of birds that are really good at singing. I.e. Larks, finches, orioles, shrikes
187
Who’s Toni Watson.
The blonde girl with the hat known as Tones and I.
188
What is the polar jet stream?
, a belt of powerful upper-level winds that sits atop the polar front. The winds are strongest in the tropopause, which is the upper boundary of the troposphere, and move in a generally westerly direction in midlatitudes.
Separates the low pressure cold Arctic air from warmer southern low pressure air.
189
Where does the polar jet stream get most of its energy from?
The temperature contrast between the air masses it separates.
190
What is thought to cause the weaker, wavier polar jet stream?
Arctic warming faster than middle of planet weakens the temperature contrast and in turn, the polar jet stream.
191
What was interesting about the now extinct passenger pigeon?
Passenger pigeon flocks were enormous, a 100 million large, blotting out the sun, flocks would take hours to pass, and were alarmingly loud. The most abundant bird in North America and possibly the world. They were tasty, overhunted, and disappeared fast.
192
By what year had passenger pigeons disappeared?
They were abundant in the 1870s. Gone from wild before 1900. Last known captive passenger pigeon died in 1914.
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What is molecular ecologist, Hung Chih-Ming’s theory about passenger pigeons based on DNA analyses and DNA comparison with other species?
That passenger pigeons’ population wasn’t always so abundant, but was rather, an outbreak species whose populations fluctuate with conditions.
(More DNA variation in a single species means larger population)
194
What exactly is molasses?
Molasses is what’s left over after the refining process of sugar cane or beet sugar.
195
How is molasses made?
Plant or beets are crushed. The liquid is extracted and boiled down to form sugar crystals. Molasses is what’s left after the sugar crystals have been removed.
196
What is blackstrap molasses?
The most concentrated and carmelized type of molasses and the only kind with any nutritional value, notably iron, calcium and potassium. It’s very bitter.
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What is Bathynomus Raksasa?
When was it discovered
A giant sea isopod that’s usually over a foot long.
2018
Giant sea cockroach
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How many legs does Bathynomus Raksasa have
14
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What does Bathynomus Raksasa mean?
Bathynomus is the genus classification of giant sea isopods
Raksasa is Indonesian for giant
200
What’s an anabaptist
One who believes baptism is only valid when done by An adult voluntarily who professes her faith.
201
What are some differences between Amish and Mennonites?
Most Mennonites have electricity in their homes, will use cars. Mennonites will travel from their community for mission and charity work. Mennonites meet in a communal building, not private homes as Amish do. Mennonites speak English more.
202
Where did the name Mennonite come from!
Menno Simons, a Dutch priest who consolidated and institutionalized the work initiated by moderate Anabaptist leaders
203
Where did the Mennonites come from? When did the movement begin.
Anabaptist broke off from Protestant church. Menno Simons movement began in 1536 ish. Didn’t seem as radically isolationist.
204
When did the Amish movement start?
1693-97 with Swiss Mennonite elder, Jakob Amann. Amann sought to preserve a stricter biblical discipline.
205
When did Mennonites start immigrating to North America?
1663
206
Who wrote Charlie and the Chocolate Factory?
Roald Dahl
207
When was Macy’s founded and by whom?
1858 by Rowland Hussey Macy.
208
Macy’s first day sales totaled...
$11.06
209
What is pétanque?
A bocce like game popular in France where you throw balls at other balls on the ground.
210
How is bocce and pétanque different.
In bocce, you bowl the balls.
In pétanque you toss it.
211
When and why is natural rubber favored over synthetic?
Natural rubber is more flexible, durable, reliable, used for items that can’t fail like surgeons gloves and airplane tires.
212
In the 1840s, Charles Goodyear discovered what?
How to stabilize rubber, a process called vulcanization.
213
Why do Brazilians hate Henry Alexander Wickham?
He brought about 70,000 rubber tree seeds from Brazil to Britain. British, French and Dutch colonies started planting them in Southeast Asia. In 1911, Asian rubber flooded the market devaluing Brazil’s rubber and causing their industry to implode.
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What was Fordlandia?
Built by Henry Ford in the 1930s on Wickham’s land on the Tapajos River. It was as American Midwestern style city in the middle of the Amazon. Ford hoped to grow rubber there rather than rely on Asian grown rubber.
215
What is a mikveh?
Looks like a Jewish baptismal. Jews would immerse themselves in mikveh before entering inner temple, after being in contact with the dead, women, after menstruation or period. It was ritual of purification.
216
Was John the Baptist, the first to baptize?
No. Jews had ritual purification by immersion in water (mikveh) from the beginning. Also Jews started to baptize gentile converts though old covenant only required circumcision.
217
What’s a proselyte?
A convert, such as a gentile who converts to Judaism.
218
What books did Fyodor Dostoevsky write?
Crime and Punishment, 1866 The Brothers Karamazov 1880 The Idiot, Demons.
219
What books did Leo Tolstoy write?
War and Peace (1865-69) and Anna Karenina.(1875-77)
220
What books did Alexander Pushkin write?
The Queen of Spades, Boris Godunov, Eugene Onegin, The Captain’s Daughter, Ruslan and Ludmila
221
The rubber tree is native to...?
South America, Amazon.
222
Why was Fordlandia a big failure.
They planted the rubber trees too close together and the South American Leaf Blight killed all the trees. Also, rubber trees weren’t planted in the best soil. Brazilian workers in Fordlandia were coerced into conforming with American culture.
223
What books did Anton Chekhov write?
Three Sisters, the Cherry Orchard, Uncle Vanya, the Lady with the Dog. He also wrote plays and short stories
224
What exactly is earth’s inner core? How can it possibly rotate independently of earth?
It’s a roughly moon sized ball of iron floating in an ocean of molten rock.
225
What helped geologists get an accurate measurement of the inner core’s super rotation?
Data from Russia’s Cold War era nuclear tests in Novaya Zemlya sent blast waves deep inside the earth which ricocheted off the inner core and were picked up in Montana. Scientist measured these waves over a period of time 3 years? The tests occurred.
226
What is Jiayuan Yao’s alternative theory to the super rotation of the earth?
Instead of the core rotating faster, data could be explained by the core having a jagged, rather than smooth surface.
The shape of the inner core could be warping over time.
227
What do scientists think will be the most alarming effect of the poles switching?
If the reversing poles migrate slowly, it could weaken the magnetic field that protects the earth from harmful solar and cosmic radiation.
228
How often do scientists think the magnetic poles flip?
Every 200,000 to 300,000 years.
229
How do we know magnetic poles have flipped in the past?
From the magnetic fingerprint inside ancient rocks.
230
What do we know about Timothy’s background?
Acts 16: from Lystra, Jewish mom, Greek Dad, Paul circumcised him.
231
Where is St. Patrick’s Day a national holiday besides Ireland
Canadian province of New Foundland and Caribbean island of Monserrat.
232
What became of the bronze snake from Numbers 21:8
It actually became an idol for the Israelites 2Kings 18:4. Hezekiah destroyed it. Nehushtan = great serpent/brass hundreds of years later
233
What’s an axiom and a corollary?
Axiom :a statement accepted as true as the basis for argument or inference : POSTULATE
Corollary: a proposition inferred immediately from a proved proposition with little or no additional proof
2a : something that naturally follows : RESULT
234
What caused Islam to divide into Sunni and Shia? When did divide happen?
632 AD after Muhammad died. Shiites felt his successor should be someone is his bloodline. Sunnis felt it should be someone pious regardless of bloodline.
235
Are there more Sunnis or Shiites?
85-90 percent of worlds Muslims are Sunnis.
236
Shiite Muslims are mostly in which country?
Iran, and predominant in Iraq, Bahrain and Azerbaijan.
237
Significance of Ali, Hassan and Hussein after Muhammad’s death.
Muhammad had no heirs, so his closest male family members were Ali, his cousin and son in law (married Fatimah) Hassan and Hussein were his sons. (Shiat-Ali) means party of Ali, hence Shia name of movement. All 3 were martyred. Ali assassinated, Hussein killed in battle with Umayyad. Hassan allegedly poisoned.
238
What does Sunnah refer too?
Also sunna
| are the traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, that constitute a model for Muslims to follow.
239
H.P. Lovecraft’s offensive poem claimed.
God made black people to bridge the gap between animals and man😮 as written in his poem “On the Creation of ...”
240
Ugly thing about H.P. Lovecraft
He was and anti-semite and thought black people were less than human.
241
Beyoncé’s real name
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles
242
Why did Beyoncé’s parents name her that?
Mother’s maiden name was Beyince.
243
What elements make up granite?
70-77% silica (silicon dioxide SiO2) 11-13% alumina, 3-5% potassium oxide, 3-5% soda, 2-3% iron, 1% lime,
Less than 1% magnesia and Titania
244
The best known igneous rock is probably...
Granite,
Intrusive, formed beneath earths surface
245
Famous mountains made of granite?
Stone Mountain, Georgia, Yosemite Valley, Mt. Rushmore, Pikes Peak, Colorado
246
Which rock comprises most of the continental crust?
Granite
247
Granite is made primarily of which minerals?
Quartz and feldspar with some mica.
248
What elements are in quartz?
Silica, SiO2
249
What are the most common igneous rocks? 4
Basalt, granite, gabbro, pumice
250
Where on earth is basalt most abundant?
Ocean floors, formed from erupting magma beneath the ocean floor.
251
What is gabbro?
An intrusive igneous rock found beneath the basalt on the ocean floor with a coarser grain than basalt since it cools slower and very little quartz. Gabbro is used to make concrete and black “granite” countertops.
252
What elements comprise lapis lazuli?
Sodium aluminum silicate, sulfur, chlorine and hydroxyl (OH)
Lazurite (blue part) is sodium, calcium, aluminum, sulfur, silicate)
Calcite = calcium, with carbon and oxygen forms the white parts
253
What type of rock is lapis lazuli?
Metamorphic
254
Is there a real Kunlun?
It’s a mountain range Eastern China starting at the northern Tibetan plateau and extending to Tajikstan,with an actual Kunlun mountain that is important in Chinese mythology. Often considered one of the remotest places on earth. Located in cold alpine desert.
255
What’s Pink’s real name?
Alecia Beth Moore
256
What’s the practical application of Lenz’s law?
It’s how generators work and why. Moving a magnet around a conductive metal coil produces and electric current.
Lenz's law that when a voltage is created by a change in magnetic flux, the induced voltage must create a current whose magnetic field is in opposition to the change which produces it.[1]
257
Faraday’s first and second laws
First: any change in the magnetic field will cause an emf (electro magnetic field/electromotive force to be induced
Second: magnitude of induced emf = rate of change of flux.
258
Nobel prize is named after the guy who invented ...?
Dynamite
259
What happened to Alfred Nobel’s younger brother in 1864?
Emil Nobel was killed with others when their nitroglycerin factory blew up.
260
Why did Alfred Nobel invent dynamite?
He was looking for a way to stabilize nitroglycerin.
261
When was dynamite invented?
1867
262
How did Alfred Nobel stabilize nitroglycerin for dynamite?
My mixing it with kieselghur also known as diatomaceous earth, which is a porous friable sedimentary rock made of of the siliceous shells of diatoms, unicellular aquatic plants of microscopic size. It occurs in earthy beds that somewhat resemble chalk,
263
What does friable and siliceous mean?
Friable: easily crumbled or pulverized
Siliceous: of or relating to or containing silica or silicate
264
What’s a dwelf?
A new breed of cat crossing munchkin, American Curl and sphynx. It’s small, it’s fugly and has big weird ears
265
Who was Mary Anning?
An English fossil collector and paleontologist. Lived 1799-1847. Lived and escalated in Lyme Regis.
266
Mary Anning’s most significant find?
First ever intact plesiosaur us skeleton. (Long necked marine dinosaur)
267
First European to discover Australia and when?
Dutch explorer Willem Janszoon in 1606. Landed and explored parts of the west coast.
268
What’s Rihanna’s real name?
Robyn Rihanna Fenty.
269
Where was Rihanna born?
Barbados
270
What is brumation?
Reptilian period of dormancy akin to mammal hibernation during periods of cold, except they don’t sleep, stir occasionally drink water, but don’t eat.
271
What is atropine?
A drug, an involuntary nervous system blocker?
272
What is atropine used for?
To dilate the pupils, treat heart rhythm problems(low heart rate ) decrease saliva, antidote for overdose of cholinergic drugs, relaxes smooth muscles in digestive track,
273
What are cholinergic drugs?
medications that act upon the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the primary neurotransmitter within the parasympathetic nervous system .
274
Atropine comes from what plants?
Atropa Belladonna ( deadly nightshade), black henbane and thornapple. Datura
275
What’s the largest volcano in our solar system?
Olympus Mons on Mars. It’s 2 and a half times taller than Mount Everest .
276
How do we know there was once water on Mars?
By its geological features.
River valleys and deltas, lake beds, presence of minerals that could’ve only been formed if water were once present, outflow channels and evidence of glacier movement.
277
Is there water on Mars today?
Yes, trace amounts in the atmosphere, in the polar ice caps, locked in minerals and maybe possibly in subterranean lakes or hydrated sediment.
278
What are Mars’s polar ice caps made of?
Water with a thin layer of seasonal frozen Carbon dioxide on top.
279
How much smaller than earth is Mars?
Diameter as wide as widest part of Africa. All the continents could be squished into a ball sans oceans and mantle core etc. to form Mars-pretty small.
Mars (diameter 6790 kilometers) is only slightly more than half the size of Earth (diameter 12750
280
Why can’t Mars support life?
Thin atmosphere, no ozone layer, no magnetic field make it vulnerable to sun’s cosmic rays.
281
What’s the temperature range on Mars?
Average -80 Fahrenheit. Can be 70 degrees during summer around equator. Poles could be - 195.
282
From where does Australia get its name?
From Latin word “australis” meaning Southern.
283
What did the Dutch call Australia in the 17th century. (1600s)?
New Holland
284
Who was the first explorer to circumnavigate Australia and when?
English explorer Matthew Flinders in 1803. Also first to use name “Australia”
285
What does “Terra Australis Incognita” refer to.
Literally means “ unknown southern land” First postulated by Greek mapmaker Claudius Ptolemy in 150 AD. He believed the world was round and that there had to be land in the Southern Hemisphere to balance out what was known in the Northern.
286
Is acetylcholine an excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter?
Both. Excitatory in the skeletal muscles causing them to contract. Inhibitory in the heart where it slows heart rate.
287
Definition of muscarinic
: of, relating to, resembling, producing, or mediating the parasympathetic effects (such as a slowed heart rate and increased activity of smooth muscle) produced by muscarine (efinition of muscarine
: a toxic alkaloid base [C9H20NO2]+ that is biochemically related to acetylcholine,
288
What are muscarinic receptors?
A type of receptor found in the parasympathetic nervous system and in sweat glands that is activated by acetylcholine.
289
What is peristalsis?
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward.
290
What is micturition
Fancy word for urinating.
291
Shakira’s full name
Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll
292
Where was Shakira born?
Barranquilla, Columbia
293
When did Swaziland become eSwatini and why?
April 2018 bc it was King Mswati III 50th birthday and he wanted to. eSwatini is land’s original name in Swazi. Swaziland is anglicized and refers to colonial period.
294
Why is ESwatini actually eSwatini?
the e means in or at in Swazi. In Swazi, it’s the root of the word that’s capitalized
295
Who were the James Bonds before Pierce Brosnan?
Sean Connery 1960s
George Lazenby 1 film
Roger Moore 1970s
Timothy Dalton 2 films in 80s
296
George Lazenby’s one bond film?
On Her Majesty’s Secret Service 1969
297
James Bonds late 90s till now?
Pierce Brosnan 4 films Daniel Graig
298
4 table spoons equals how many cups?
1/4 cup
299
How many table spoons are in one cup?
16
300
How many teaspoons are in a table spoon?
3
301
How many bones in the body typically?
206
| Could be up to 213 as some may have more ribs or vertebrae or digits
302
What movies has Anna Kendrick been in?
Pitch Perfect Trilogy, Twilight, A Simple Favor, Stowaway, voice in Trolls movie, Woman of the Hour, Netflix movie where she wins a date with a killer
303
What is Katy Perry’s Real name?
Kathryn Elizabeth Hudson
304
What is Nicki Minaj’s real name?
Onika Tanya Maraj
305
What is Halsey’s real name?
Ashley Nicolette Frangipane
306
Where was Halsey born?
Edison, NJ
307
What’s a hyoid bone?
The bone in cats’ throats that vibrates producing purring.
308
Can wild cats purr?
Cheetahs, Cougars and smaller wildcats like ocelots, bobcats and lynxes can, but large roaring cats can’t such as lions, tigers, leopards and Jaguars.
309
What does confabulate mean?
: to talk informally : CHAT
2 : to hold a discussion : CONFER
3 : to fill in gaps in memory by fabrication
