TSAC1 - Final Written exam (Short Answer) Flashcards
(10 cards)
List the reasons why we keep good clinical records.
a. Ensure we have all the details we need to best diagnose and manage the people we care for.
b. Monitor change.
c. Monitor care approach.
d. Continuity of care.
e. Legal record of events (medicolegal).
f. Information for 3rd parties.
g. Research.
h. Data management and tracking.
List the four main components of a SOAP note and briefly describe what each section includes.
Subjective (S): Captures the patient’s perspective, including their chief complaint, symptoms, current health status, and concerns.
Objective (O): Focuses on factual observations and findings from the clinician, such as vital signs, lab results, physical examination findings, and diagnostic tests.
Assessment (A): Analyses the information from the Subjective and Objective sections to form a clinical judgment about the patient’s condition, considering potential diagnoses and severity.
Plan (P): Outlines treatment recommendations, medications, referrals to specialists, and patient education instructions.
What is the grading system for muscle testing, specifically for a grade of “2” and “3”?
A grade of “2” indicates complete range of motion with gravity eliminated.
A grade of “3” indicates complete range of motion against gravity but no resistance.
Describe the “Cinderella hypothesis” as it relates to trigger point formation.
The “Cinderella hypothesis” suggests that musculoskeletal disorder symptoms, including trigger points, may arise from muscle recruitment patterns during sub-maximal level exertions with moderate or low physical load. This is because smaller type I muscle fibers, known as “Cinderella fibers,” are continuously activated and metabolically overloaded during static muscle exertions, making them more susceptible to muscle damage and calcium dysregulation, which contribute to myofascial trigger point (MTrP) formation.
What are the two main types of muscle field tests mentioned, and what does each test characterise?
Sit-to-stand (STS) test: Meant to characterise the strength of the lower limbs.
Heel-raise (HR) test: Meant to characterise the strength of the ankle plantarflexor muscles.
How is grip strength useful as a diagnostic tool, particularly in older adults?
Grip strength is useful as a diagnostic tool because studies have found it to be a tool for diagnosing sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss) and a proxy for overall muscle strength. In older patients with hip fractures, early grip strength evaluation might provide prognostic information regarding the patient’s future functional trajectory.
a. reduced handgrip strength over time may serve as a predictor of cognitive loss with advancing age, and weak grip strength has been associated with various conditions including:
i. all-cause mortality
ii. coronary heart disease
iii. hypertension
iv. heart failure
v. stroke
vi. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Outline the basic principle of autogenic inhibition (Golgi Tendon Reflex) in the context of muscle relaxation.
Autogenic inhibition (Golgi Tendon Reflex) refers to a reduction in the excitability of a contracting or stretched muscle. When tension is applied to a tendon, the Golgi tendon organ is stimulated, sending nerve impulses to the spinal cord. These impulses activate an inhibitory interneuron which, in turn, inhibits the alpha motor neuron, causing the muscle to relax and relieving excess tension, allowing for a deeper stretch.
What is the difference in the level of isometric contraction effort between Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) and Post-Isometric Relaxation (PIR) stretching techniques?
(PNF) stretching, the isometric contraction - 25-50% effort.
(PIR) stretching, the isometric contraction - 15-20% effort.
According to the diversified listing system for vertebrae (C2-L5), what do the first, second, and third letters represent?
The first letter is “R” or “L” for rotation.
The second letter is always “P” for posteriority.
The third letter, if present, is either “S” or “I” for lateral flexion or wedging.
Name three absolute contraindications for soft tissue therapies.
a. Fever
b. Contagious diseases
c. Blood clots
d. Recent surgery
