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Tudor Rebellions Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

When was the pilgrimage of grace?

A

1536

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2
Q

When was the western rebellion?

A

1549

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3
Q

When was kett’s rebellion?

A

1549

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4
Q

When was wyatt’s rebellion?

A

1554

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5
Q

When was the northern rebellion/rise of the northern earls?

A

1569

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6
Q

Order of the rebellions?

A 
Pilgrimage of grace
Western
Kett's
Wyatt's
Northern earls
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7
Q

Religious reasons for pilgrimage of grace?

A

Concern about the work of three government commissioners (rumours that they were after gold, jewels etc)

Dissolution of the mines tries

Break with Rome

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8
Q

Religious reasons for western rebellion?

A

Concern over William body’s church investigations

Destruction of church images

Introduction of prayer book

Wanted a return to catholic practises and 6 articles of Henry 8

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9
Q

Religious causes of kett’s rebellion?

A

Incompetent clergy (not opposition to religious change)

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10
Q

Religious causes of wyatt’s rebellion?

A

Did not want a catholic restoration ( a contemporary book mentions this but is probably Marian propaganda to divert attention from opposition to her marriage)

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11
Q

Religious causes for northern earls?

A

Did not want a Protestant reformation. Leading nobles and gentry in north were Catholic

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12
Q

Social causes of PoG

A

Enclosure

Taxes on sheep and cattle

Entry fines

Local effect of dissolution

Poor harvests

Rack-renting

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13
Q

Social causes for western rebellion?

A

Taxes on sheep, cattle and cloth

High food prices

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14
Q

Social causes for kett’s rebellion?

A

Enclosure

Unemployment

Land dispute (local abbey) with flower dew

Increased rents

Rack renting

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15
Q

Social reasons for wyatt’s?

A

Widespread xenophobia

Economic hardship makes people less tolerant of change and more likely to air grievances

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16
Q

Social reasons for Northern earls

A

Many of the gentry involved were retainers of the earls

Many joined the rebellion out of fear for their lives and goods

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17
Q

Economic causes of POG

A

Taxes on cheep and cattle

Entry fines

Statute of uses (tax on aristocratic landed inheritance)

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18
Q

Economic reasons for western rebellion?

A

See social causes.

Inflation

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19
Q

Economic reasons for kett’s?

A

Slump in cloth trade

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20
Q

Economic reasons for wyatt’s?

A

Decline in cloth Industry

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21
Q

Economic reasons for Northern earls?

A

None

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22
Q

Political reasons for POG

Study These Flashcards
A

Removal of evil advisors ( Cromwell, Cranmer and Riche)

Restoration of Mary’s legitimacy

Dwindling authority of some Northern families (Lord hussey, earl of Northumberland, duke of Norfolk)

23
Q

Political reasons for western?

24
Q

Political reasons for kett’s

Study These Flashcards
A

Inefficiency of government to deal with enclosure.

Discontent with local government and JPs

25
Political reasons for wyatt's?
Did not want Mary to marry Philip of Spain (a foreigner). A danger that the queen would be subordinated. Fear that government would be taken over by foreign interests Local political instability Younger gentry feared losing career opportunities to Philips followers
26
Political causes of Northern earls
Northern earls' loss of political power Dislike of Cecil Military aid to Netherlands had enraged Spain Mary queen of scots
27
Reasons POG was a threat?
10 000 people joined Lincolnshire rising. 30,000 joined aske for POG Lord darcy handed over pontefract castle, the most important fortress in the north. Aske provided disciplined leadership Government were caught off guard Support from nobility (Thomas Percy)
28
Reasons POG wasn't serious
Aske ensured that all goods were paid for No murders were committed
29
Reasons western was serious
Huge geographic extent (23 countries) 10,000 people died Larger factor leading to so resets downfall Sizeable armies Limited forces to begin with due to problems elsewhere (Scotland, France etc) Gentry lost control quickly (hellier hacked to pieces)
30
Reasons western wasn't serious?
Demands and actions of the rebels not intended to threaten the established order No march on London No alternative to Edward named No call for equality of all classes
31
Reasons wyatt's was serious!
Gentry involvement Earl of Devon (courtenay). Wyatt raised 2,500 men whilst Mary's council could not agree what to do Norfolk troops joined wyatt The rebellion reached London (stopped 1/2 km away from the queen) Motive of some was to overthrow her French support
32
Reasons wyatt's rebellion was not serious?
Most rebels did not intend to overthrow Mary (they had to go to London to air grievances as that was where she was) She had foiled Northumberland plot 6 months earlier and had popular support Orthodox Protestant leaders did not get involved Lots of support for Mary
33
Reasons Northern earls was a threat?
Involvement of leading families (Norfolk, Northumberland, Westmorland) 3,800 foot soldiers and 1,600 horsemen Managed to control all territory to the east of the Pennines Sussex had trouble raising an army to oppose rebels Possible support of Spanish
34
Reasons Northern earls was not serious
Many rebels torn between local loyalty to the earls and national loyalty to the queen Papal bull of excommunication was not issued until after the rebellion Philip of Spain showed no enthusiasm for supporting the rebellion The earls turned back when they heard rumours of a massive force being summoned against them It was impossible to free Mary queen of Scots Support was limited Appeals to Catholic nobility failed No popular enthusiasm to replace Elizabeth with a foreigner or restore the pope
35
Reasons poor leadership contributed to the rebellions defeat: POG
POG: Lincolnshire: gentry ran for cover and commons collapsed into confusion when Suffolk approached. Sir Francis bigod'/s hare brained scheme to capture Holland Scarborough was doomed to fail
36
Reasons poor leadership contributed to rebellions defeat: western rebellion
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37
Reasons poor leadership contributed to rebellions defeat: kett's
Kett's refused to accept a full pardon on 3 occasions. fatal decision to abandon fortified position on mousehold Heath led to their defeat 3,000 rebels killed
38
Reasons poor leadership contributed to rebellions defeat: wyatt's
Courtenay weak and confessed easily French did not seize opportunity to invade Events moved too fast for the conspirators (brought forward two months)
39
Reasons poor leadership contributed to rebellions defeat: Northern earls
The earls turned back when they heard rumours of a massive force being summoned against them Philip of Spain showed no enthusiasm for supporting the rebellion The rebellion was poorly planned and lacked a coherent programme, It was impossible to free Mary queen of scots Support was limited Northumberland has no time to mobilise his tenants
40
Reasons poor leadership didn't lead to rebellions defeat?:POG
Aske provided disciplined leadership
41
Reasons poor leadership didn't lead to rebellions defeat?: western
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42
Reasons poor leadership didn't lead to rebellions defeat?:kett's
Kett managed to capture and recapture Norwich
43
Reasons poor leadership didn't lead to rebellions defeat?:wyatt's
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44
Reasons poor leadership didn't lead to rebellions defeat?:Northern earls
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45
Reasons government action did lead to rebellions defeat?POG
Henry wisely played for time, sending delegations to meet the rebels Mass retribution was carried out by Henry after bigods rising
46
Reasons government action did lead to rebellions defeat?: western
Russell avoided confrontation Rebels layer pushed back with help of Lord greys support Reinforcements of William Herbert
47
Reasons government action did lead to rebellions defeat?ketts
Northumberland defeated the rebels with 12,000 men
48
Reasons government action did lead to rebellions defeat?:wyatt's
Mary's rousing speech to win support of Londoners Re are and pagets vigilance took the sting out of the rebels plans Mary decided against the use of (Spanish) imperial troops which would have fuelled xenophobia Mary waited for the rebels in London rather than send forces to Kent
49
Reasons government action did lead to rebellions defeat?: Northern earls
Government officials contained the rebellion and held key towns
50
Reasons government action didn't contribute to the rebellions defeat?:POG
Government were caught off guard
51
Reasons government action didn't contribute to the rebellions defeat?: western
Limited resources at first Only a s,all army given to Lord Russell The loyal inhabitants of Exeter held out against the rebels
52
Reasons government action didn't contribute to the rebellions defeat?: kett's
Small army at first (1,800) Negotiations failed twice. Northampton had managed to 'turn a popular demonstration into a full scale rebellion' (inept handling of the situation
53
Reasons government action didn't contribute to the rebellions defeat?: wyatt's
Duke of Norfolk failed to stop the rebels en route to London Mary's council could not agree what to do at first
54
Reasons government action didn't contribute to the rebellions defeat?: Northern earls
Sussex had trouble raising an army to oppose rebels

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