Flashcards in Tudor Rebellions Deck (54)
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1
When was the pilgrimage of grace?
1536
2
When was the western rebellion?
1549
3
When was kett's rebellion?
1549
4
When was wyatt's rebellion?
1554
5
When was the northern rebellion/rise of the northern earls?
1569
6
Order of the rebellions?
Pilgrimage of grace
Western
Kett's
Wyatt's
Northern earls
7
Religious reasons for pilgrimage of grace?
Concern about the work of three government commissioners (rumours that they were after gold, jewels etc)
Dissolution of the mines tries
Break with Rome
8
Religious reasons for western rebellion?
Concern over William body's church investigations
Destruction of church images
Introduction of prayer book
Wanted a return to catholic practises and 6 articles of Henry 8
9
Religious causes of kett's rebellion?
Incompetent clergy (not opposition to religious change)
10
Religious causes of wyatt's rebellion?
Did not want a catholic restoration ( a contemporary book mentions this but is probably Marian propaganda to divert attention from opposition to her marriage)
11
Religious causes for northern earls?
Did not want a Protestant reformation. Leading nobles and gentry in north were Catholic
12
Social causes of PoG
Enclosure
Taxes on sheep and cattle
Entry fines
Local effect of dissolution
Poor harvests
Rack-renting
13
Social causes for western rebellion?
Taxes on sheep, cattle and cloth
High food prices
14
Social causes for kett's rebellion?
Enclosure
Unemployment
Land dispute (local abbey) with flower dew
Increased rents
Rack renting
15
Social reasons for wyatt's?
Widespread xenophobia
Economic hardship makes people less tolerant of change and more likely to air grievances
16
Social reasons for Northern earls
Many of the gentry involved were retainers of the earls
Many joined the rebellion out of fear for their lives and goods
17
Economic causes of POG
Taxes on cheep and cattle
Entry fines
Statute of uses (tax on aristocratic landed inheritance)
18
Economic reasons for western rebellion?
See social causes.
Inflation
19
Economic reasons for kett's?
Slump in cloth trade
20
Economic reasons for wyatt's?
Decline in cloth Industry
21
Economic reasons for Northern earls?
None
22
Political reasons for POG
Removal of evil advisors ( Cromwell, Cranmer and Riche)
Restoration of Mary's legitimacy
Dwindling authority of some Northern families (Lord hussey, earl of Northumberland, duke of Norfolk)
23
Political reasons for western?
None
24
Political reasons for kett's
Inefficiency of government to deal with enclosure.
Discontent with local government and JPs
25
Political reasons for wyatt's?
Did not want Mary to marry Philip of Spain (a foreigner). A danger that the queen would be subordinated.
Fear that government would be taken over by foreign interests
Local political instability
Younger gentry feared losing career opportunities to Philips followers
26
Political causes of Northern earls
Northern earls' loss of political power
Dislike of Cecil
Military aid to Netherlands had enraged Spain
Mary queen of scots
27
Reasons POG was a threat?
10 000 people joined Lincolnshire rising.
30,000 joined aske for POG
Lord darcy handed over pontefract castle, the most important fortress in the north.
Aske provided disciplined leadership
Government were caught off guard
Support from nobility (Thomas Percy)
28
Reasons POG wasn't serious
Aske ensured that all goods were paid for
No murders were committed
29
Reasons western was serious
Huge geographic extent (23 countries)
10,000 people died
Larger factor leading to so resets downfall
Sizeable armies
Limited forces to begin with due to problems elsewhere (Scotland, France etc)
Gentry lost control quickly (hellier hacked to pieces)
30
Reasons western wasn't serious?
Demands and actions of the rebels not intended to threaten the established order
No march on London
No alternative to Edward named
No call for equality of all classes
31
Reasons wyatt's was serious!
Gentry involvement
Earl of Devon (courtenay).
Wyatt raised 2,500 men whilst Mary's council could not agree what to do
Norfolk troops joined wyatt
The rebellion reached London (stopped 1/2 km away from the queen)
Motive of some was to overthrow her
French support
32
Reasons wyatt's rebellion was not serious?
Most rebels did not intend to overthrow Mary (they had to go to London to air grievances as that was where she was)
She had foiled Northumberland plot 6 months earlier and had popular support
Orthodox Protestant leaders did not get involved
Lots of support for Mary
33
Reasons Northern earls was a threat?
Involvement of leading families (Norfolk, Northumberland, Westmorland)
3,800 foot soldiers and 1,600 horsemen
Managed to control all territory to the east of the Pennines
Sussex had trouble raising an army to oppose rebels
Possible support of Spanish
34
Reasons Northern earls was not serious
Many rebels torn between local loyalty to the earls and national loyalty to the queen
Papal bull of excommunication was not issued until after the rebellion
Philip of Spain showed no enthusiasm for supporting the rebellion
The earls turned back when they heard rumours of a massive force being summoned against them
It was impossible to free Mary queen of Scots
Support was limited
Appeals to Catholic nobility failed
No popular enthusiasm to replace Elizabeth with a foreigner or restore the pope
35
Reasons poor leadership contributed to the rebellions defeat: POG
POG: Lincolnshire: gentry ran for cover and commons collapsed into confusion when Suffolk approached. Sir Francis bigod'/s hare brained scheme to capture Holland Scarborough was doomed to fail
36
Reasons poor leadership contributed to rebellions defeat: western rebellion
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37
Reasons poor leadership contributed to rebellions defeat: kett's
Kett's refused to accept a full pardon on 3 occasions.
fatal decision to abandon fortified position on mousehold Heath led to their defeat
3,000 rebels killed
38
Reasons poor leadership contributed to rebellions defeat: wyatt's
Courtenay weak and confessed easily
French did not seize opportunity to invade
Events moved too fast for the conspirators (brought forward two months)
39
Reasons poor leadership contributed to rebellions defeat: Northern earls
The earls turned back when they heard rumours of a massive force being summoned against them
Philip of Spain showed no enthusiasm for supporting the rebellion
The rebellion was poorly planned and lacked a coherent programme,
It was impossible to free Mary queen of scots
Support was limited
Northumberland has no time to mobilise his tenants
40
Reasons poor leadership didn't lead to rebellions defeat?:POG
Aske provided disciplined leadership
41
Reasons poor leadership didn't lead to rebellions defeat?: western
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42
Reasons poor leadership didn't lead to rebellions defeat?:kett's
Kett managed to capture and recapture Norwich
43
Reasons poor leadership didn't lead to rebellions defeat?:wyatt's
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44
Reasons poor leadership didn't lead to rebellions defeat?:Northern earls
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45
Reasons government action did lead to rebellions defeat?POG
Henry wisely played for time, sending delegations to meet the rebels
Mass retribution was carried out by Henry after bigods rising
46
Reasons government action did lead to rebellions defeat?: western
Russell avoided confrontation
Rebels layer pushed back with help of Lord greys support
Reinforcements of William Herbert
47
Reasons government action did lead to rebellions defeat?ketts
Northumberland defeated the rebels with 12,000 men
48
Reasons government action did lead to rebellions defeat?:wyatt's
Mary's rousing speech to win support of Londoners
Re are and pagets vigilance took the sting out of the rebels plans
Mary decided against the use of (Spanish) imperial troops which would have fuelled xenophobia
Mary waited for the rebels in London rather than send forces to Kent
49
Reasons government action did lead to rebellions defeat?: Northern earls
Government officials contained the rebellion and held key towns
50
Reasons government action didn't contribute to the rebellions defeat?:POG
Government were caught off guard
51
Reasons government action didn't contribute to the rebellions defeat?: western
Limited resources at first
Only a s,all army given to Lord Russell
The loyal inhabitants of Exeter held out against the rebels
52
Reasons government action didn't contribute to the rebellions defeat?: kett's
Small army at first (1,800)
Negotiations failed twice.
Northampton had managed to 'turn a popular demonstration into a full scale rebellion' (inept handling of the situation
53
Reasons government action didn't contribute to the rebellions defeat?: wyatt's
Duke of Norfolk failed to stop the rebels en route to London
Mary's council could not agree what to do at first
54
