Tut 1 Flashcards
(42 cards)
How does the Aktinson shriffin model work ?
Step 1: Incoming information into sensory memory
Step 1.2 (via attention)
Step 2: Sensory memory translated into short term memory. (via attention)
2.2 rehersal
Step 3: Throughout control process Short term memory will lead to LTM
What is meant by Transient memory ?
- Non permanent memory
- Part of sensory and short term memory
What are the control processes in the Aktinson shriffin model ?
- Rehersal
- Coding
- Decision
- Retrieval strategies
Define Sensory memory:
- Information gained via sensation
- Works automatically and decays rapidly (less than a second)
- is limited on focus so no exact copy
Define short term memory:
- unconsciously/effotless available
- limited capacity 7 +/- 2
- limited to only what u pay attention to
- easy phase in which we forget thinks
Define encoding:
- information translated in a way that we can mentally process
Define retrieval:
- To activated stored information which influence mental events and behaviors
Why do we forget thinks ?
- Because of either Decaying or interfering or combination of both
What is the primacy effect ?
- U remember thinks better at the beginning of a list
- Due to the fact that u immediately start rehearsal and so u have a longer training phase
What is the recency effect ?
- Last words of the list are easier to remember
- Due to reflection -> so the last word are more present
What is working memory ?
- It is a form of short term memory which maintained information from short term and manipulated it !
- Use of working memory is very goal directed
- uses either information which are just experienced or retrieved form LTM
- working memory is correlated to intelligence
How is working memory build of according to the Baddeleys working model ?
- Central executive -> manipulation
- Phonoligical loop and Visual sketchpad-> for maintenance
- Model was done because of dissociation
What is Phonological loop used for ?
- Holds auditory memories through internal (subvocal) speech rehearsal
- easy to disrupted besides by motor movements, so rehersal and motor mvemnt is fine
- limit in capacity
What is the “ word length effect” ?
Person remembers rather short words instead of long words
What is Visuospatial sketchpad used for ?
- Holds visual & spatial images
- Limited capacity
- For objects and location
What is central executive used for ?
- Cognitve control (bewachen) over the buffers
- Manipulation
How does cognitive control regarding central executive work ?
- Controlled Updating of STM Buffers
- Setting Goals & Planning
- Task Switching
- Stimulus Attention & Response Inhibition
How is Controlled Updating of STM Buffers working ? And how do we test it ?
- Receiving & evaluating sensory information
- Moving items into & retrieving them from LTM
- Decides which memories are needed for which task
- Tested by N-Back test
- if target number comes of name the number that’s n-back
How is Setting Goals & Plannings working ? And how is tested ?
Keeping track of goals, planning how to achieve them, determining priorities
- Tower of Hanoi
How is Task Switching working ? And how is tested ?
- Pay attention to task and surroundings cues -> be able to change rules
- Wisconsin card sorting test
How is Stimulus Attention & Response Inhibition working? And how is tested ?
- Automatic processes – using same schemas/ actions or impulses to a known situation
- Controlled/willed processes - modifies behaviour when automatic responses are inappropriate
- Stroop task (word of color and meaning of color)
Why is the prefrontal cortex so important regarding working memory ?
- interaction bridge regarding the rest of the brain
- Works during delay phase (highly activ for representation)
- Place for working memory
What is so special about the Frontal lobe regarding working memory ?
- Goal directed behavior depend on posterior part of the frontal lobe
- less concrete and sub goal are more on the anterior part of the frontal lobe
Name the 3 division of the prefrontal cortex and the 2 sub division
- Lateral (dorsolateral and Ventrolateral)
- Orbital
- Medial.
- > Prefrontal cortex
