Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Memory > Tut 4 > Flashcards

Tut 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Pavlov original classical condotion process:

A

Before: CS =Bell (no reaction) and US = Food (reaction of excitment)
During learning: CS +US -> Reaction of excitment
After: Only CS is needed for reaction of excitment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is US ?

A
  • Cue lead to a respond without training
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is UR ?

A
  • Respond to US
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is CS ?

A
  • Is a cues without the absence of training ( CS + US ) does not lead to respond
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is CR ?

A
  • Respond to CS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Appetitive conditioning and name some example ?

A
  • Conditioning in which the US is postive
  • U want to satisfy a desire
  • Ex: Pavlov (food/dog) and Dojman Sex study
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Aversive conditioning and name some example ?

A
  • Conditioning in which the US is negative
  • U want to avoid minimise consequences
  • Ex: Skinner + eyblink conditioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two Compensatory Response in prediction of us ?

A
  1. Tolerance (decrease in hesrt beat if u expect a shock

2. Homeostasis -> Tendency to reach a state of balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Extinction ?

A
  • it is a process of reducing a learned response to a stimulus by pairing the same CS with a new US
  • Ex: Ice cream and brocoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the findings regarding unlearning ?

A
  • Association between CS and US are not lost they are just unexpressed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Definition of compound conditioning ?

A

Presenting of two CS of same strgenth and at the same time to lead to a single US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the benefits of Compound conditioning ?

A
  • Works more effcient then a single cue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When does compund conditioning not work ?

A
  1. One is more salient then the other
  2. When one cue was getting there sonner (more attention catchin)
    - Overshadowing effect
  3. Or if one of the cues was trained earlier (blocking)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Overshadowing effect ?

A
  • When one cue is more attention grabbing then the other then the second cue is useless!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is blocking ?

A
  • Ex: Prior training of one cue blocks laiter training of second cue when laiter paired when reaches 100% so no learning
  • cue is only useful when it brings in new prediction values
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the three asumption of the Wagner Model of conditioning and the genral conclusion) :

A
  1. A cue has a weight (associative) -> strength between CS and US
  2. In compound cue the weight is shared ( 50% and 50%)
  3. Learning respons of an increase in cue weight - > reduction of prediction error
    GC: without prediction error, no learning
17
Q

What is the US modulation theory ?

A
  • depending on the US which is true -> used by rescolar wagner model
18
Q

What is the CS modulation Theory ?

A
  • depending on CS which is trure -> used by MAckintosh theory
19
Q

What are the equation of the wagner model ? Also name the specialties for compounded cue ?

A
  • Prediction error = Actual US - expected US
  • IPVL (weight change) = Prediction error x learning rate
  • APVL = IPV first run
  • Ongoing APV is allways calculated by new IPV + expected us
  • The old APVL will be ur expected US for the next trail
  • > by compound cues the expeted Value will be calculated by adding both APV together
20
Q

What is the prediction error ?

A
  • determines how much
    learning (change in association) occurs
  • how supprised we are
  • Actual US minus expected US
21
Q

What is Latent inhibition and what is the connection between LI and Wagner model ?

A
  • Learning is inhibited by prior cue exposure
  • Ex: When pre exposed to CS without US then laiter the association between
    CS and US will be less powerful
  • Wagner model could not explain the phenomna
22
Q

Name the structure of the Cerebellum:

A
  • > attached to pons and medula
  • > draw
  • > purkinje cell are located in Folia
23
Q

Explain the CS input pathway:

A
  1. CS Information from brain converge on pontine nuclei
  2. CS travel up the mossy fibers to deep nuclei of cerebellum
  3. 1 one branch goes to interpositus nucleus
  4. 2 one branch goes to cerebellar cortex over Granule cells and via parallel fibers to purkije cells -> DRAW
    - Evrthing is Exitotory
24
Q

Explain the mollecular LvL of how purkinje cell get less actiavte (first step)

A
  1. Glutamate goes into synapse via Ampa and metabotropic receptor
  2. Due to that protein from meta is sepperted from meta receptor and activates PKC
  3. PKC labels the just activated AMPA recepetor
    - > GOAL: was the labeling !
25
Q

Explain the cellular perspective of how purkinje cell get less actiavte (second step or second activation ):

A
  • US comes from climbing fibers
  • Asperate rleased from fibers (open calcium channel)
  • Calcium flows trough calcium channel and interacts with PKC
  • PKC now internalized labeld AMPA rec (pulls them inside synaptic cleft not useable)
  • > GOAL Leads to more activation on metabotropic rec
26
Q

What do metabotropic rec lead to regarding purkinje cell ?

A
  • Hyperpolrization
27
Q

What do AMPA rec lead to regarding purkinje cell ?

A
  • Depolarization
28
Q

What is the effect on the purkinje cell and the interpositus after learning ?

A
  • changes in purkinje (decrease inactivity ) cell lead to less inhibition on interpositus !
  • which means that muscle can be moved before airpuff
29
Q

What is the correltaion regarding the interpositus and the inferior olive ? (after learning)

A
  • > interpositus does inhibit the inferiro olive -> no exitatory effect from US
  • > Means that we only need the CS imput light and tone and not anymore the Airpuf !
30
Q

What are some findings regarding drugs and tollerance ?

A
  • Environmental cues play an important role in tolerance
  • tolerance can be explained by classical conditioning
  • Environmental cues (CS), craving= compensatory response (CR)
31
Q

How can drug addiction being healed ?

A
  • cue-exposure therapy has to be in different contexts
    (especially in the original drug context)
  • multiple times
  • a bit of drug can be good
32
Q

What is the celluar perspective before learning ! ?

A
  • Purkinje cell allways active -> inhibits interpositus
  • Interpositus wants to inhibit inferior olive but can not because of PC
  • infrior olive is basically for the prediction error !
33
Q

What is the Input pathway from the Air puff ?

A
  • Goes from the inferior olive
  • via climbing fibers either into the interpositus (exitatory)
  • or in to the purkinje cell
34
Q

Are purkinje cells exitatory or inhibitor ?

A
  • inhibitory
35
Q

WHat was skinner’s experiment ?

A
  • In prediction of a tone a shock would occur

- > has to push the button in a certain time to avoid the shock

Memory (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions