Tut 9 Completly done Flashcards
Where is the broca area and what does it do ?
- Frontal lobe
- responsible for speech production
What is meant by Broca’s aphasia ?
- Damage on the brocca area
- difficulty speaking but are capable of comprehending what others are saying.
Where is the Wernickes area and what does it do?
- Temporal lobe
- responsible for speech comprehension (So understanding)
What is meant by Wernicke’s aphasia ?
- Damage on the wernicka area
- can speak fluently but what they say is disorganized and not meaningful, plus they have great difficulty understanding what other people are saying
- Extrem case is word deafness: cannot recognize words even if they can still hear pure tones.
Where is the voice area and what does it do:
- superior temporal sulcus
- Activates rather for human voice and not for other sounds (via voice cells)
What is the dual - stream model of speech perception:
- ventral (what) pathway starting in temporal lobe (Anterior auditory cortex to anterior frontal lobe), responsible for recognizing speech,
- dorsal (where) pathway starting in parietal lobe (Posterior auditory cortex goes to motor cortex), responsible for linking acoustic signal to movements used to produce speech.
What are Indexical characteristics and how does it influence speech perception ?
- Information/charakter of speaker get comprimised with language perception
- Age, gender, emotional state or being sarcastic or serious
- Perception is based on
(1) Its meaning and
(2) Characteristics of speaker’s voice
What are transitional probabilities Hypothesis ?
- It is the chances that one sound will follow another sound more likly
- based on experience
- and statistical learning
Define speech segmentation and what does speech segmentation proof ?
It is the process of identifying the boundaries between words, syllables, or phonemes in spoken natural languages.
- perception is not only based on energy stimulating receptors but also on knowledge
What is the role of knowledge regarding speech perception:
- Words are easier to understand when heard in context of grammatical sentence.
- We are using knowledge consitancy
- multimodal = perception of speech can be influenced by information from a number of different senses
What is the phonemic restoration effect:
- If sounds are missing from speech perception it can be restored by the brain and appear to be heard
- Botton up processing: just based on facts so for example the pure signal
- Top down (knowledge) processing: correlated to knowledge and interpretation
- both processing technique help to understand phonemic restoration.
Name the effects of the McGurk Effect :
- although auditory information is major source of information for speech perception, visual information can also exert strong influence
- Findings that familiar voice are linke to fusiform area and unfamiliar voice to superior temporal lobe
- General method was that a monitor shouts out ta ta ta and a visualalistaion was added which showed a lip movement of dada we will then hear dada
What are the individual diffrences of speakers regarding phonemes:
- Individual differences: Some voices are high-pitched, other low-pitches, some talk rapidly, others slowly
- Sloppy pronunciation: Do to conversational speech, people sometimes do not articulate each word individually
What is coarticulation ?
- Articulators are constantly moving to shape of vocal tract regarding phoneme which are then influenced by sounds before and after that phoneme
- Leads to some overlap of atriculation
What is Perceptual constancy ?
- We perceive sound of phoneme as same even if acoustic signal is changed by coarticulation !
