Tutorials wk 1-5

Question 1

Major reflexes in newborn infants can be split into…?

Answer 1

• Survival (e.g. sucking)

- primitive (e.g. grasping)

Question 2

Crawling, walking, jumping are ____ motor skills

Answer 2

gross

Question 3

Reaching and grasping are ____ motor skills

Answer 3

fine

Question 4

Cephalocausal principle (‘head to tail’)..?

Answer 4

Upper parts of body become usable and skilful before lower parts do

Question 5

Proximodistal principle (‘near to far’)….?

Answer 5

central parts of the body become skilful before more peripheral parts do

Question 6

___ show more activity than ____ in the womb and newborn

Answer 6

boys, girls

Question 7

Boys/girls tend to spend more time on fine motor skills than gross

Answer 7

girls

Question 8

What is the best available predictor of infant survival and healthy development?

Answer 8

birth weight

Question 9

Key findings of review by Pin et al. (2007): Transient delay in motor development in infants who were not exposed to ????? or who did not use infant equipment. However, most of these infants walked unaided within normal time frame.

Answer 9

prone position

Question 10

Less than 1 yr they should not be contained for more than ___ , and no screen time

Answer 10

1hr

Question 11

Toddlers should not be constrained for ____

Answer 11

> 1hr, no screen time under 2, only 1 hr screen time if 2

Question 12

Why is there an increase in risk of injuries in young children compared to infants?

Answer 12

Increases in size, strength and motor competence during the preschool years, accompanied by the push for greater independence and autonomy

Question 13

Potential risk factors for injury

Answer 13

• Gender: boys are 1.5 times more likely to sustain accidental injury
• ‘Difficult’ child temperament
• Poverty
• Parental stress
• Lack of vigilance
• Dangerous neighbourhoods
• Parents beliefs about injury preventability

Question 14

Centre of gravity moves to _____ trunk during early childhood–> improves balance

Answer 14

lower

Question 15

The opportunity to ????? is one of the most important environmental determinants of motor development

Answer 15

practise new skills

Question 16

During early childhood boy are typically slightly superior in activities requiring _____ _____ whereas girls are marginally superior in activities involving balance and ___ _______

Answer 16

muscle strength, motor coordination

Question 17

Drawing is a very important motor skill developed during early childhood that can also reveal ____ and _____ development

Answer 17

social, cognitive

Question 18

Unlike infants who experience proximodistal development (??????????), school-age children experience greater ??????

Answer 18

greater development at the body’s centre, growth at extremities