Types of attachment ( Cultural variations in attachment)

Question 1

What is the procedure of Van Ljzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s study?

Answer 1

It was a meta analysis, looking at attachment in a range of cultures using the stranger situations.
Sample: 32 studies
8 countries 1990 children studied.

Question 2

Which attachment type is most common in all cultures?

Answer 2

Secure Britain= 75%

Question 3

Which country has the highest level of secure children?

Answer 3

Britain= 75%

Question 4

Which country has the highest level of insecure avoidant children?

Answer 4

Germany=35%

Question 5

Which country has the highest level of insecure resistant children?

Answer 5

Japan=27%

Question 6

What was the variation like within cultures?

Answer 6

Variation was 1.5x bigger within cultures than between.

Question 7

Why did Japan have the highest percentage of insecure resistant children?

Answer 7

Dependency is encouraged and it is normal for Japanese infants to be rarely separated from their mothers. This can explain why they are extremely distressed when separated and would make them ‘appear to be resistant’.

Question 8

Why does China have the lowest percentage of secure children?

Answer 8

Children have multiple attachments from birth as it is a collectivist culture. So children do not form one secure attachment to a singe primary attachment figure.

Question 9

Why does Britain have the highest percentage of secure children?

Answer 9

This is due to the strange situation being created to reflect individualist cultures. Therefore, the norm of secure attachment is portrayed here like America.

Question 10

Why does Germany have the highest percentage of insecure avoidant children?

Answer 10

Due to mothers cold parenting style. This encourages independence and obedience. Therefore, children do not rely on their parent for security.

Question 11

Explain the procedure Simonelli et al 2014 Italy study?

Answer 11

Assessed 76 1 year old babies in Italy using the strange situation.

Question 12

What were the findings of Simonelli et al 2014 Italy study?

Answer 12

Found that 50% were secure and 36% were insecure

Question 13

Explain the findings of Simonelli et l 2014 Italy study?

Answer 13

This was due to the work patterns and day care in Italy and how mothers work long hours and use more childcare.