Types of Chemical Reactions

Question 1

Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis

Answer 1

Monomers are joined together by removing H2O to form a covalent bond. Hydrolysis is the breaking of that bond by adding water into a reaction.

Question 2

Neutralization

Answer 2

When an acid and a base are mixed together, the result is a “salt” and water being produced.

A familiar example of this would be stomach acid mixing with bile.

Question 3

Reduction-Oxidation Reactions

Answer 3

“RedOx” Reactions are when electrons are moved from one molecule to another. They are paired reactions with both reactions occuring.

• There are no free electrons, must be transported in eqn
• Usually observed as hydrogen moving around

Question 4

Oxidation

Answer 4

LEO- lost electrons; oxidation

reductant = product + e
(electrons lost; oxidation number increases)

molecule that lost the electrons is said to be oxidized

Question 5

Reduction

Answer 5

GER- gained electrons (reduction)

oxidant + e = product
(electrons gained, oxidation number decreases)

molecule that gained the reaction is reduced

Question 6

If something is going to be gaining electrons

Answer 6

something else will be losing them

Question 7

T/F: Hydrolysis reactions break complex polymers apart

Answer 7

True

Question 8

T/F: Dehydration synthesis forms complex polymers from monomers

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Phosphorylations

Answer 9

Reactions where -PO4 groups are being moved around like muscle contractions

; are common in metabolism for the production of ATP, and the release of energy when a phosphate group is removed.

a) substrate level
- enzymes directly move phosphate groups from donating molecule onto ADP (or a carb)

b) Oxidative (OXPHOS)
- PO4 groups are added to create ATP through the movement of electrons, part of cell respiration in cells

c) Photo-
Similar to OXPHOS but solar EMR provides the energy to move the electrons, occurs only in plants

Question 10

How to speed up chemical reactions

Answer 10

Keeping cells at a stable set of conditions (Homeostasis) is done to maximize the rates of chemical reactions inside cells.

• affect temp, salinity, and pH

Question 11

anabolic reactions

Answer 11

reactions build larger molecules

Question 12

catabolic reactions

Answer 12

break things into smaller parts

Question 13

what are both anabolic and catabolic reactions

Answer 13

metabolism
- they both feed each other

Question 14

exo vs endothermic reactions

Answer 14

exo- catabolic

endo- anabolic

• there is always some energy lost in chemical reactions

Question 15

If X molecule is being split it is being:

If X molecule is being converted or electrons are being passed onto X molecule, it is being:

Answer 15

oxidized

gained