Types Of Observations Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are observational techniques
Non experimental research methods where behaviour is watched and recorded without manipulation of variables
What are the 6 types of observational techniques
Naturalistic
Controlled
Covert
Overt
Participant
Non participant
What is a naturalistic observation
Takes place in pps natural environment with no interference from researcher
What are the + and - of naturalistic observations
+ high ecological validity as natural behaviour is exhibited in real settings
+ more generalisable findings
- lack of control over extraneous variables
- replication is difficult due to unique conditions
What is a controlled observation
Structured and controlled environment e.g a lab
+ and - of controlled observations
+ high control
+ easier to replicate due to standardisation
- low ecological validity
- demand characteristics
What is a covert observation
Participants are unaware of being observed
+ and - of covert observations
+ reduced demand characteristics
+ high validity of behaviour
- ethical issues due to lack of informed consent
- hard to debrief pps after
What is an overt observations
Pps know they’re being observed
+ and - of overt observations
+ ethical bcs informed consent given
+ easy to debrief pps
- risk of demand characteristics
What is a participant observation
Observer becomes part of the group being studied
+ and - of participant observation
+ greater insight as researcher experiences the situation
+ rich and more detailed data
- observer bias as may lose objectivity
- difficult to record data discreetly
What is a non participant observation
Observer remains separate from group being studied
+ and - of non participant observation
+ more objective as less bias
+ easier to record data
- less insight to pps experience to data collected less in depth
- may miss subtle behaviours
