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U-World 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who should get tested for GC

A

All sexually active women 24 and younger

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2
Q

Best GC test

A

Nucleic acid amplification test

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3
Q

What is social communication disorder

A

Impaired communication without evidence of restricted interests or repetitive

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4
Q

Electrolytes in 21-hydroxlyase def

A

Hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia

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5
Q

Croup presentation

A

Children younger than 3 years with hoarseness, barking cough, and respiratory distress

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6
Q

What do you suspect in a young boy with gout

A

Lesch-Nyhan

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7
Q

Rotavirus vaccine contraindications

A

Hx of intussusception
Hx of uncorrected congenital GI tract issue
SCID or anaphylaxis to vaccine ingredients

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8
Q

MCC of gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide

A

Anaphylaxis

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9
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome CXXR

A

diffuse, fine reticular granularity and perihilar linear opacities bilaterally

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10
Q

Milk protein enterocolitis presentation

A

Severe reflux or vomiting and/or painless bloody stools

some may need hydrolyzed formula

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11
Q

Marfan’s mutation? most life threatening finding

A

AD fibrillin-1 gene

Aortic route dilation is most life treating finding

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12
Q

What is osmotic fragility test

A

For Hereditary spherocytosis on acidified glycerol lysis test

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13
Q

Triad of spherocytosis

A

Coombs neg hemolytic anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly

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14
Q

T and B lymphocyte cell markers? Brutons is low in? Tx?

A

T is CD3, B is CD 19 (low in bruton’s)

Tx is IVIG

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15
Q

Why are CF patients infertile

A

Congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens –> accumulation of inspissated music in fetal genital tract obstructs

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16
Q

Classic triad of brain abscess

A

Fever, severe headaches (morning or nocturnal) and focal neurologic changes

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17
Q

2 risks for increased brain abscesses in kids

A

Cyanotic congenital heart disease

Recurrent sinusitis

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18
Q

RSV prophylaxis med

A

Palivizumab

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19
Q

Infants with bronchiolitis lung sounds? cause? risk?

A

Wheezing and crackles (and URI symptoms)
Usually RSV
Risk is apnea and respiratory failure

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20
Q

Serum sickness like reaction features

A

Fever, urticaria and polyarthralgia 1-2 weeks after first exposure
NO mucosal involvement

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21
Q

Why is contrast in a head CT looking for injury bad

A

Can appear white and look like acute blood

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22
Q

First step if epiglottitis is highly suspected

A

Take PT to or to be able to ensure patients airway (if patients seem to be unstable)

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23
Q

Two most common complications of sickle cell trait

A

Hematuria

Isosthenuria (impairment of concentrating ability –> nocturia and polyuria)

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24
Q

Things that decrease preload

A

Valsalva
Abrupt standing
Nitroglycerin

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25
Heart exam of HCM
Carotid pulse with a dual upstroke due to mid systolic obstruction during cardiac concentration
26
Next step after vaginal foreign body found in young girl
Removal with calcium alginate swab or irrigation with warm fluid after topical anesthetic has been applied
27
Neonatal abstinence syndrome features? Tx?
Irritability, high pitched cry, poor sleeping, sweating, poor feeding Tx: Morphine given and slowly weaned
28
Chronic granulomatous disease defect
Defect of phagocytic cells due to dysfunction of NADPH oxidase Infections w/ catalase pos organisms (S. aureus, serrate, klebsiella)
29
CGD test
Nitroblue tetrazolium slide test or cytochrome C reduction
30
Hallmark of leukocyte adhesion defect
Neutrophilic without polymorphs in the infected tissue or pus *Delayed separation of the umbilical chord*
31
Glucose 6 phosphatase def features
3-4 months of age with hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia -Doll like face, think extremities, protuberant abdomen
32
Pompe's disease def and features
Acid maltase - hepatomegaly and heart failure with floppy baby
33
Niemann-Pick vs Tay-Sachs
NP: Sphingomyelinase def, hepatosplenomegaly and areflexia TS: B-hexosamindiase A def hyperreflexia
34
What causes gynecomastia in young teenage boys? mgmt?
Transiently increased estrogen Tx is reassurance, as most will resolve *can be unilateral, seen up to 2/3 boys*
35
Gynecomastia in what syndrome increases risk of breast Ca
Klinefelters
36
Pink stains in neonatal diapers is
Uric acid crystals - high at birth and decreases until adolescence
37
Asymptomatic scattered erythematous macules and papules all over body in neonate is? tx?
Erythema toxic neoatorum Tx is none, resolves on own within 2 weeks after birth *Not on palms and soles*
38
JONES criteria
J- joints (migratory arthritis)
39
Next step if screening capillary lead level is >5
Confirmatory venous lead levels
40
What do you give for lead levels 45-69
DMSA | *EDTA for > 70*
41
What bone tumor pain is typical relieved by NSAIDs
Osteoid osteoma
42
Pt's w/ hx of rheumatic fever should get what
Continuous penicillin prophylaxis
43
Primary predisposing factor for volvulus in children
Malrotation
44
Presentation of midgut volvulus in neonate
Bilious vomiting
45
Gold standard for malrotation dx
Upper GI contrast study
46
What is the most common GI anomaly and should be suspected in kids w/ recurrent intussusception
Meckel's diverticulum
47
What patients should you suspect inspissated stool
CF
48
1st and 2nd line OM drugs
1: Amoxicillin (10 days) 2: Amox-clavulanic acid
49
Bilateral congenital deafness kids, worry about?
Congenital long QT syndrome
50
Pathognomonic radiologic finding for NEC
Pneumatosis intestinalis --> extravasation of bowel gas into damaged bowel wall
51
When should NEC be suspected? Risk factors?
Newborn with feeding intolerance, abdominal distention, and bloody stools Risks: prematurity, hypotension, and congenital heart disease
52
Cause of hyper-IGM
X-linked defect in CD40 ligand
53
Why high risk of osteoporosis in turners
45 XO leads to lower levels of estrogen
54
Features of benign murmers in kids
Changes in position (esp dec w/ dec preload) | Early or mid-systolic in timing
55
Gold standard for dx of MD
Genetic studies
56
What causes long bleeding in CF? what factors affected
Vit K def (Factors II, VII, IX, and X) | *Also C and S*
57
Topical erythromycin vs oral for conjunctivitis in neonates
Topical for gonococcal ppx | Oral for chlamydial infection (5-14 days)
58
Blood stained eye discharge in neonate highly characteristic of
Chlamydial conjunctivitis
59
Guillab Barre pathophys
Demyelination of perisperhal motor nerves
60
Breastfeeding failure jaundice vs breast milk jaundice
Failure in first week, lactation failure causes decreased bilirubin elimination and baby will show signs of dehydration Breast milk peaks at 2 weeks, high levels of B-glucuronidase in breast milk deconjugate bilirubin
61
Normal breast feeding schedule
15 minutes per side every 2-3 hours
62
MCC or acquired torticollis
URI, minor trauma, and cervical lymphadenitis | *CXR is first step*
63
Most common intraosseous line site
proximal tibia
64
2 MCC of neonatal sepsis
GBS and E. coli
65
non neoplastic cause of single lytic long bone lesion with overlying hypercalcemia and swelling in a child
Langerhan's cell histiocytosis
66
Complications of severe vesicoureteral reflux? Def dx?
Parenchymal scarring, HTN, and renal insufficiency | Def dx by voiding cystourethrogram
67
Turner syndrome heart defect
Bicuspid aortic valve | *also coarctation*
68
Increasing head circumference and signs of increased ICP in children should be evaluated with?
CT brain
69
2 diseases where Reys syndrome can be seen
Influenza or varicella
70
What should prompt UTI evaluation in any child under 3
Fever > 39 C (102.2)
71
What are mongolian spots
Flat patches that look like bruises on back and butt that fades during first decade of life
72
Brutons agammaglobulinemia defect? Why does it take 6 months to present
Tyrosine kinase in B cells | Maternal IgG works for first 6 months
73
3 reasons babies normally jaundices
1. Hct high with shorter life span and higher turnover 2. Decreased UGT (esp asians) 3. Sterile newborn gut that can't break down bilirubin
74
DMD vs BMD age of onset
DMD age 2-3 | BMD 5-15
75
Central precocious puberty caused by? tx?
Early activation of HPA axis *high FSH and LH* Tx w/ GnRH analog
76
What causes thrombocytopenia in WAS
Decreased platelet production | *Few platelets seen are small*
77
MC elbow fracture in kids? Xray of it?
Supracondular humerus fracture | X-ray will show large triangular anterior fat pad and posterior fat pad
78
Vitamin shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in measles
Vitamin A
79
What is Eczema herpeticum
Primary HSV associated with atopic dermatitis | Tx with acyclovir
80
Most common predisposing factor for orbital cellulitis
Bacterial sinusitis
81
VSD murmer
holosytolic over the left lower sternal border
82
Typical innocent flow murmer of childhood
grade I or II mid systolic ejection murmur
83
What should be suspected in a newborn with cyanosis that is aggravated by feeding and relieved by crying? how to dx?
Choanal atresia | Dx by failing to pass a catheter into the nose is suggestive of, CT for complete
84
Initial mgmt in children with speech delay
Audiology evaluation
85
Fluid for severe hypovolemic hyperatremia
Isotonic solutions (0.9% NaCl)
86
Tx for ITP in children if not bleeding
Observation (regardless of platelet count)
87
Rubella in children
Low grade fever, tender lymphadenopathy, and rash that spreads cephalocaudally *fever lower than measles and rash is lighter*
88
Dry beriberi presentation
Thiamin def - symmetrical perp with sensory and motor def in distal extremities
89
Most common pediatric tumor
Astrocytomas | *Infratentorial most common*

Pediatrics (14 decks)

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