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U-World 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Iron overdose tx

A

Defoxamine (binds and allows for urinary excretion)

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2
Q

Most dialyzable toxin

A

Lithium

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3
Q

Biggest risk factor for CP

A 
Premature birth (causes prenatal insults to brain development)
*Spastic most common type seen in premies*
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4
Q

Infant with failure to thrive, bilateral cataracts, jaundice, and hypoglycemia likely have? caused by?

A

Galactosemia

Caused by galactose-1-phosphate uridyl

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of NEC involves? best way to avoid?

A

Gut immaturity and exposure to bacteria from enteral feeds

Breast feeding is best way to avoid

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6
Q

Best drug for Tourettes

A

Risperidone

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7
Q

Gonococcal conjunctivitis ppx

A

Topical erythromycin

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8
Q

Neonatal conjunctivitis timing

A
  • Chemical 1st 24 hours
  • Gonococcal around 3 days
  • Chlamydial around 5-14
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9
Q

NF 1 features

A

Café-Au-Lait spots, macrocephaly, feeding problems, short stature, and learning disabilities

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10
Q

HSP presentation

A

Hematuria, abdominal pain, and purpuric rash on LE w/out thrombocytopenia

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11
Q

When do SS patients spleen’s usually infart

A

By 18-36 months of life

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12
Q

‘Onion skinning’ on bone X-ray what tumor

A

Ewing sarcoma

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13
Q

TOF murmur

A

Harsh, systolic ejection murmur over the middle to left upper sternal border

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14
Q

What is McCune-Albright syndrome

A

Precocious puberty, cafe au last spots (Pigmentation) and multiple bone defects (polyostoic fibrous dysplasia)

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15
Q

What does trachoma present with

A

Follicular conjunctivitis and pannus (neovascularization) formation in the corner
Chlamydia, also infection in nasopharynx

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16
Q

Hallmark of late Lyme disease

A

Lyme arthritis

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17
Q

When is reactive arthritis seen

A

1-4 weeks after urethritis or diarrheal infection

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18
Q

What do you suspect in subcutaneous emphysema secondary to severe coughing paroxysms

A

Pneumothorax

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19
Q

Tape test is for

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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20
Q

Prenatal US of TEF shows

A

Polyhydramnios, as affected fetus cannot swallow amniotic fluid

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21
Q

What should be suspected in newborn who chokes and coughs during first feeding

A

Esophageal atresia w/ tracheoesophageal fistula

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22
Q

Colicky ab pain and “current jelly stool”? Best test in kid?

A

Intussusception

US is first line –> air contrast enema

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23
Q

Most common cause of IVH in neonates

A

Premature and low birth weight infants

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24
Q

What can a 12 month old say

A

mama, dada, and one other word

should also be able to follow simple commands and gestures

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25
Vocal ability of 3 year old
Around 1000 words and 75% understood by a strange | 3-4 word sentences
26
Why vaginal bleeding in infants under 3 months
Maternal estrogens can cross placenta and enter fetal blood stream *reassurance all thats needed*
27
What is herpangina
Coxsackie A virus in 3-10 year olds | *Fever, pharyngitis, and GRAY vesicles/ulcers on posterior oropharynx*
28
Hair pulling disorder
Trichotillomania
29
Alkalosis increases risk of what after surgery
Postoperative apnea
30
Acid/Base of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
hypochloremic, hypokalemic, metabolic alkalosis
31
Triad of congenital rubella
Leukocoria (white pupillary reflex) from cataracts, PDA, and hearing loss
32
Thymus visible on CXR in what aged
Under 3 years
33
Two MCC causes myocarditis in kids? presentation?
Coxsackievirus B and adenovirus | Presentation is fever, lethargy, and signs of heart failure after a viral prodrome
34
Viral myocarditis presentation
Fever, lethargy, and sings of heart failure after a viral prodrome
35
Breast feeding reduces the risks of what cancers in mother
Breast and ovarian
36
What diseases do breast feeding help prevent
Otitis media, gastroenteritis, respiratory infections, and UTIs
37
MCC of 2nd HTN in children
Fibromuscular dysplasia (right renal artery more common)
38
What is thought to cause gradual pyloric stenosis? Features?
Formula feeding until symptom onset at age 3-5 weeks | -Projectile vomiting with infant hungry after
39
Adolescent who presents with a nasal obstruction, visible nasal mass, and frequent nosebleeds likely?
Juvenile angiofibroma
40
What is Todd's paralysis
Poetical paralysis that usually rapidly improves within 24 hours
41
Difference b/w preseptal cellulitis and orbital cellulitis
Preseptal is mild infection of the eyelid anterior to orbital septum, orbital cellulitis is posterior to septum and causes all the eye trouble
42
Tricuspid valve atresia characterized by
Left axis deviation on EKG and decreased pulmonary markings on chest X-ray
43
Things seen in Edwards syndrome
Micrognathia, microcephaly, rocker bottom feet, overlapping fingers, and absent palmar creases *VSD common*
44
Polycythemia in neonates? Most common symptoms
Hit >65% | Lethargy, irritability, and jitteriness
45
CF pneumonia bug to think of in those below 20? above?
Below - S. aureus (IV Vanc) | Above - Pseudomonas
46
Osteomyelitis in SS kids
Salmonella
47
Botulin paralysis in babies
Descending flaccid paralysis
48
DM type 1 onset
4-6 or early puberty (bimodal) | *UA, chemistry, A1c workup*
49
DOC for absence seizures
Ethosuxamide (best) or valproic acid
50
Typical presentation of cholesteomas
New-onset hearing loss or chronic ear drainage despite antibiotic therapy Can see granulation tissue and skin debris
51
3 characteristic facial dysmorphisms of FAS
1. Small palpebral fissures 2. Smooth filtrum 3. Thin vermillion border
52
Most common cause of proteinuria in kids
Transient proteinuria- can be causes by fever, stress, volume depletion *repeat urine dipstick on two separate occasions*
53
Suspect what with sudden onset of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
54
Factors associated with physical/sexual abuse
Unexplained changes in behavior or scholastic performance, unstable family economic conditions, or caregiver history of substance abuse
55
Androgen insensitivity vs Mullein agenesis
AS: absent uterus , cryptorchid testes (XY) MA: Normal ovaries but absent uterus and upper vagina (XX)
56
Congenital syphilis
rash on palms and soles, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, anemia, and rhinorrhea Notched teeth seen later
57
Congenital CMV
IGUR, hepatosplenomegaly, microcephaly, hearing loss | *periventricular calcifications*
58
Most common cyanotic heart defect in neonatal period
TGA | *Single S2 is buzzword*
59
2 drugs for kids who can't stop wetting bed
1st line: desmopressin | 2nd line: TCAs
60
Late onset CAH manifestations
Signs of androgen excess around 7 years w/ cystic acne, accelerated linear growth, and advanced bone age * normal electrolytes* * LH low, don't go up with GnRH stimulation*
61
Vocabulary of 2 year old
Around 200 words, two word phrases, 1/2 of speech ineligible
62
what should be suspected in any newborn with failure to pass meconium, within 48 hours after birth, especially in setting of down syndrome
Hirschsprung disease
63
When does stranger anxiety develop
6 months
64
Asymmetric inguinal folds suggestive of
DDH
65
Sturge-Weber syndrome
Focal or generalized seizures, MR, and port wine stain along territory of congenital nerve *Skull X-ray shows tramline of intracranial calcifications*
66
Most common anemia of pre-term infants? cause?
Anemia of prematurity Due to diminished epo levels, shortened RBC life span, and blood loss *relatively low retic count*
67
Abrupt onset of fever, sore throat, dysphagia, and drooling
Epiglottitis
68
Treatment of mumps
Supportive, with application of cold compresses to the parotid area or testes
69
MCC of inspiratory stridor in infants? best dx
Laryngomalacia, characterized by inspiratory stridor worse in supine position Laryngoscopy is the best dx
70
Laryngomalacia course
Usually self resolves by 18 months
71
Light microscopy and SEM of minimal change disease? Tx?
Normal light microscopy SEM: Diffuse effacement of foot processes Tx is steroids
72
Cause of anovulation in girls who's period just started
HPA axis immaturity (insufficient gonadotropin secretion)
73
Posterior vermis syndrome? form what tumor
Truncal dystaxia, signs of ICP | Medulloblastoma
74
Preseptal vs orbital cellulitis
Orbital has ophthalmoplegia, pain with extra ocular movements, proptosis, vision impairment
75
Most common early sign of cavernous sinus thrombosis? other signs?
Headache, then bi periorbital edema, fundoscopy with papilledema and dilated tortuous retinal veins
76
Always try what before intubation in croup
racemic epinephrine trial
77
What should you screen prader wili kids for
DM 2, sleep apnea, and gastric rupture
78
First line treatment for lots of bleeding due to anovulation in young girls
High-dose estrogen
79
MCC of sepsis in SS kids without spleen
Strep pneumo
80
What is recommended after puberty in androgen insensitivity syndrome
Bilateral gonadectomy
81
Rickets exam? xray?
Craniotabes, rachitic rosary, and gene varum | C-ray includes cupping and fraying of the metaphysics of the long bones
82
LOC seen with what two kinds of seizures
Complex partial seizures and partial seizures with secondary generalizations
83
SLE associated with false positive of what test
RPR
84
What are night terrors
Occurring during non-REM sleep and are characterized by fear, crying, screaming and amnesia of the event
85
Isolated premature adrenarche cause by
increased adrenal androgen secretion
86
Why fat girls more at risk for precocious puberty
Increased estrogen from conversion in fat

Pediatrics (14 decks)

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