U10

Question 1

criteria for ASD

Answer 1

• persistant deficits in communication and interaction across multiple contexts (verbal and nonverbal)
• restricted repetitive patterns of activity (timing, special interests, etc)
• symptoms present in early developmental periods
• symptoms cause significant impairment
• not due to intellectual disability or general delay

Question 2

issues with the criteria for ASD

Answer 2

• very deficit/disturbance oriented
• no room for autistic joy (pathologies things autistic people like)

Question 3

prevalence and avg age of onset (ASD)

Answer 3

• more male then female (potential under diagnosis in females)
• onset at 2yrs

Question 4

strengths of autism

Answer 4

• above avg intelligence
• better memory of details
• strong visual and auditory learners
• exell in special interests

Question 5

western expectations of social interactions aren’t ________

Answer 5

universal

Question 6

social camouflage hypothesis

Answer 6

females w ASD may develop social skills that allow them to blend in to society

Question 7

associated features of ASD

Answer 7

• self injurious behaviours
• sleep disturbance
• gastrointestinal symptoms
• epilepsy
• Comorbidity w mental health concerns
• cognitive abilities

Question 8

dr. Bettelheim theory

Answer 8

refrigerator mothers (cold) cause there child autism

Question 9

BIPOC kids are more often diagnosed w _____ rather then ASD

Answer 9

ADHD

Question 10

factors that contribute to ASD

Answer 10

genetic and environmental factors
- parental age
- environmental toxins
- compromised fetal or neonatal development
- abnormalities in brain development

Question 11

2 categories of symptoms of ADHD

Answer 11

• inattention
• hyperactivity/impulsivity

Question 12

diagnostic criteria for ADHD

Answer 12

need either one or both inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity
- 6+ symptoms
- 6 months
- symptoms present before age 12
- present in 2 settings
- functional impairment
- not something else

Question 13

ADHD- IA

Answer 13

6+ inattentive symptoms

Question 14

ADHD-HY

Answer 14

6+ hyperactive/impulsive

Question 15

ADHD-C

Answer 15

both

Question 16

ADHD is more prevalent in ____ and is comorbid w _________

Answer 16

boys
disruptive behaviour disorders

Question 17

causes of ADHD

Answer 17

highly genetic
inhibition of DAT1 (dopamine)
prenatal smoking, stress, alcohol

Question 18

associated features of ADHD

Answer 18

• subtle brain differences in those w ADHD that can be reduced by meds
• volume of brain is slightly smaller
• sleep problems
• negative responses by others create low self esteem

Question 19

treatment for ADHD

Answer 19

• stimulants (improves motor response, response inhibition, compliance, - short-term )
• goal setting and reinforcement

Question 20

diagnostic criteria for specific learning disorder

Answer 20

• academic functioning below expected level
• below average academic achievement in at least 1 area
• difficulties related to a psychological process
• average IQ
• affects acquisition, organization, and understanding (verbal and nonverbal)

Question 21

sex ratio in specific learning disorder

Answer 21

even

Question 22

causes of specific learning disorder

Answer 22

• genetics
• subtle brain damage
• environmental factors (expectations and support)

Question 23

specific learning disorders are often related to later development of ________

Answer 23

other mental health issues

Question 24

treatment of specific learning disorders

Answer 24

educational intervention
- remediate directly underlying basic process of problems
- improve cognitive skills
- improve behavioural skills

Question 25

intellectual disability diagnostic criteria

Answer 25

significantly sub average intellectual functioning concurrent deficits in adaptive functioning deficits are evident before age 18

Question 26

what does adaptive funtioning encompass

Answer 26

conceptual, social and practical functioning

Question 27

intellectual disability typically runs a _______ course w and equal ________ ratio

Answer 27

chronic sex

Question 28

causes of intellectual disability

Answer 28

- abuse - neglect - prenatal exposure to substances - issues w labour (lack of oxygen in delivery) - post natal head injury and infection

Question 29

Down syndrome

Answer 29

- trisomy 21 - can be detected prenatally through amniocentesis - past 40 show signs of dementia

Question 30

fragile X syndrome

Answer 30

intellectual disability w chromosomal cause

Question 31

treatment of intellectual disabilities

Answer 31

behavioural focus similar to ASD (focus on building adaptive functioning skills) additional support communication training (argumentative strategies)

Question 32

amniocentesis

Answer 32

prenatal screening that detects abnormalities in developing fetus involves removal and analysis of amniotic fluid from the mother.

Question 33

childhood disintegrative disorder

Answer 33

persistent regression in language, adaptive behaviour and motor skills after 2 - 4 year period of normal development

Question 34

chorionic villus sampling

Answer 34

genetic test during early pregnancy that samples cells found in placenta to assess possible genetic/chromosomal problems in fetus

Question 35

copy number variants

Answer 35

base pairs added or deleted as a result of mutation (may play a role in development of ceertiann disorders like ADHD)

Question 36

_____ attention is often absent in ppl with ASD

Answer 36

joint

Question 37

Vocal characteristics such as tone and stress; people with autism spectrum disorder often have trouble recognizing and interpreting these vocal cues

Answer 37

prosody