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2020 > U2 > Flashcards

U2 Flashcards

1
Q

multidimensional models

A

behaviour is due to multiple causes that all influence each other

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2
Q

genes

A

long molecules of DNA at various location on chromosomes within a cells nucleus

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3
Q

have individual genes been identified as relating to any major psychological disorder

A

no

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4
Q

what is meant by gene-environment interaction

A

what genes are active is influenced by environmental context, social context, etc.

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5
Q

can genes be responsible for the development of disorders

A

no genes can only increase or decrease risk of development

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6
Q

epigenetics

A

early environment turning in or off gene expression (no change in DNA)

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7
Q

neuroscience

A

study the role NS has in disease and behaviour

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8
Q

nuerons function _______ but communicate ________

A

electrically
chemically

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9
Q

more common neurotransmitters

A

norepinephrine
serotonin
dopamine
GABA

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10
Q

somatic vs autonomic

A

voluntary vs involuntary

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11
Q

sympathetic vs parasympathetic

A

fight or flight vs rest and digest

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12
Q

endocrine system

A

hormones

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13
Q

HPA axis

A

integration of endocrine and nervous system

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14
Q

agonist

A

act like NT or bloke reuptake
increase activity

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15
Q

antagonist

A

block NT or receptor
decrease activity

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16
Q

inverse agonist

A

produce opposite effects of NT

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17
Q

emotion

A

Pattern of action elicited by an external event and a feeling state, accompanied by a characteristic physiological response.

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18
Q

mood vs affect

A

long lasting vs short lasting change in emotional tone

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19
Q

components of emotion

A
  • behaviour
  • means of communication
  • appraisals and attributions (cognitive aspects)
  • physiology
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20
Q

fluency and quality of ______ ___________ are related to mortality, disease, and psychopathology

A

social relationships

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21
Q

stigma can be _______, ________, and ________ situated

A

culturally, socially, interpersonally

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22
Q

life span developmental perspective

A
  • addresses developmental changes
    influences what is normal and abnormal
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23
Q

principle of equifinality

A

concept in developmental psychology stating several paths can be taken to a given outcome

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24
Q

exceptions to confidentiality (3)

A
  • 3rd party needs info to evaluate therapist
  • court is involved (records subpoenaed)
  • patient states they are a harm to themselves or others or if they are being harmed
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25
purposes of clinical assessment
understand the individual, predict there behaviour, plan treatment, and evaluate (diagnose)
26
types of reliability testing
test-retest (between patient over time) interrater (between professionals)
27
typed of validity
concurrent (new assessment results match old ones) predictive (can tell you what will happen in the future)
28
standardization
- helps ensure consistency and allows for appropriate comparison
29
most common method of assessment
clinical interview
30
parts of a mental status exam
appearance/behaviour thought process mood/affect intellectual functioning sensorium
31
appearance/behaviour
- attire - appearance - expression - overt behaviour - posture
32
thought process
- rate, continuity, and content of speech
33
mood/affect
- predominant feeling state of individual - feeling state matches what the individual says
34
intellectual functioning
- type - use of abstractions and metaphors
35
sensorium
awareness of who they are where they are and what time it is (oriented times 3)
36
behavioural assessment
directly observing and formally assessing an individuals thoughts, feelings, and behaviour in specific contexts
37
ABC's
used in behaviour assessment A - antecedent stimulus (before) B - behaviour (during) C - consequence (after)
38
issue with behavioural assessment
can have issues with reactivity when patients knows they are being observed (direct)
39
psychological testing methods must be __________ and ___________
reliable valid
40
projective testing
ambiguous stimuli presented to patient with aim to reveal unconscious conflict through response inferential - low validity/reliability
41
types of projective tests
- Rorschach - TAT
42
personality inventories
self-report questionnaires that assess personal traits
43
intelligence testing
predict who will do well in educational settings
44
neuropsychological testing
assessment of brain and NS functioning according to individuals performance on behavioural tasks
45
types of neurophsycological testing
- bender visual-motor gestalt
46
neuroimaging
nonintrusive examination of brain structure (CT, MRI) or function (PET, fMRI)
47
psychophysiological assessment
measures changes in NS reflecting psychological and emotional events (EEG)
48
assessment takes a _________ approach where diagnosis takes a _________
idiographic (individual) nomothetic (general)
49
classification
assignments of things or people to categories based on shared characteristics
50
taxonomy vs nosology
system of naming/classification in a scientific vs psychological setting
51
nomenclature
specific names and labels that make up nosology
52
classical categorical approach
classification method with assumption of clear cut definitions off disorders and causes
53
dimensional approach
classification method that's based on categorizing characteristics on a continuum instead of an either-or binary approach
54
prototypical approach
classification method categorizing disorders using essential defining characteristics as well as having range in other characteristics (combo)
55
unsolved issues of the DSM
- arbitrary time periods and definitions of diagnosis - problems of comorbidity - stigmatizing
56
cognitive behavioural therapy
aims to identify and modify thought process
57
diathesis stress model
Staes both inherited vulnerability and specific stressful conditions are required to produce a disorder
58
dopamine GABA glutamate norepinephrine serotonin
- implicated in schizophrenia - inhibits anxiety - excites - contributes indirectly to panic attacks - info processing inhibition coordination etc
59
gene-environment correlation model
states people with a genetic predisposition for a disorder may also have a greater tendency to create environmental risk factors that promote the disorder
60
implicit cognition
cognitive processes of the unconscious hard to measure bc the patient isn't aware of them
61
implicit memory
person cannot recall past events but still acts in response to them
62
prepared learning
certain associations can be more readily learned
63
objective tests
test stimuli are less ambiguous most consistent with the scientist-practitioner model requires minimal interference and interpretation
64
objective personality tests
MMPI, MMPI-2, MMPI-A, PCL-R
65
purposes of the DSM system
aid communication, evaluate prognosis, need for treatment, and treatment planning
66
DSM-I and -II
relied on unsupported theories and were unreliable
67
DSM-III and DSM-III-R
emphasized clinical description detail criteria for each disorder - problems with low reliability and reliance on committee consensus instead of scientific evidence
68
DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR
- 5 axis describing full clinical presentation - clear inclusion and exclusion criteria for disorders - disorders categorized under broad headings - prototypic approach
69
DSM-5
removal of 5 axis changes to diagnostic criteria and organization
70
DSM-5 TR
more attention to culture, racism, and discrimination clarification in diagnosis for children
71
limbic system
regulation of emotional experience
72
most important function of the endocrine system
produces hormones that implicated in some psychological problems
73
lobe in the brain most researchers focus on for clues to psychopathology
frontal lobe
74
problem with snapshot approach to psychological disorders
it fails to account for change over time
75
psychodynamic psychotherapy
contemporary version of psychoanalysis focused o specific problems
76
introspection
early not scientific approach to the study of psych attempts to report thoughts and feelings specific stimuli evoked

2020 (13 decks)

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