U4

Question 1

anxiety definition

Answer 1

future oriented mood state characterized by psyical tension and apprehension

Question 2

fear definition

Answer 2

immediate rxn to danger

Question 3

panic definition

Answer 3

sudden overwhelming terror

Question 4

panic attack

Answer 4

abrupt experience of intense fear or discomfort w physical symptoms

Question 5

2 categories of panic attacks

Answer 5

expected and unexpected

Question 6

biological contribution to anxiety

Answer 6

genetic vulnerability
diathesis stress (contribution from genes and environment)

Question 7

decrease in what neurotransmitter is involved in anxiety disorders

Answer 7

GABA

Question 8

corticotropin releasing factor

Answer 8

increases likelihood vulnerable genes will turn on
(activates HPA axis)

Question 9

limbic system is ___________ to info in ppl w anxiety and ______ isn’t down regulated

Answer 9

over responsive
amygdala

Question 10

behavioural inhibition system

Answer 10

activated by brainstem during unexpected events

Question 11

where is fight or flight system located

Answer 11

spans from brainstem through midbrain structures

Question 12

psychological contributions of anxiety

Answer 12

• awareness that events aren’t always in our control
• impacted largely by our parents actions early in life

Question 13

social contributions to anxiety

Answer 13

stressful life events can trigger vulnerabilities to anxiety

Question 14

triple vulnerability theory

Answer 14

generalized bio vulnerability (inherited)
generalized psych vulnerability
(ideas of no control)
specific psych vulnerability
(early experience)

Question 15

how do types of anxiety differ

Answer 15

differ in focus

Question 16

how are types of anxiety similar

Answer 16

• cooccur
• share common characteristics and vulnerabilities
• affect more women then men

Question 17

GAD

Answer 17

focus on events from everyday life
accompanied by physical symptoms

Question 18

diagnostic criteria for GAD

Answer 18

• excessive worry more days then not for at least 6 months over different things
• difficult to control worry

Question 19

diagnostic criteria for all psychological disorders

Answer 19

• disturbance isn’t contributed to a substance or other mental disorder
• causes significant distress

Question 20

physical symptoms of GAD

Answer 20

• muscle tension
• fatigue
• irritability
• trouble sleeping

Question 21

GAD has a ________ onset beginning _______

Answer 21

insidious
early adulthood

Question 22

cognitive characteristics of GAD

Answer 22

• intolerance to uncertainty
• poor problem orientation
• cognitive avoidance

Question 23

treatment for GAD (meds)

Answer 23

benzodiazepines
(short term, issues w impairment and dependance)
paroxetine and venlafaxine
(long term)

Question 24

Panic disorder

Answer 24

severe unexpected panic attacks

Question 25

agoraphobia

Answer 25

fear and avoidance of situations where a person feels unsafe and unable to escape in the event of developing panic symptoms

Question 26

diagnostic criteria for panic disorder

Answer 26

- recurrent unexpected panic attacks that reach peak discomfort in minutes - at least 1 attack has. been followed by either worry about panic attacks/concequences or significant changes in behaviour due to pa

Question 27

diagnostic criteria for agoraphobia

Answer 27

- fear of 2+ situations - avoidance - persistant (6m+)

Question 28

nocturnal panic disorder

Answer 28

- in deepest phase of sleep - individual begins to panic as they sink into sleep (letting go) then suddenly wake up panicked

Question 29

isolated sleep paralysis

Answer 29

- occurs in transitional period between sleep and wake rem sleep spills into wake causing lack of muscle strength (inability to move) and vivid hallucinations

Question 30

common cause of agoraphobia

Answer 30

normally begins after a person has an unexpected panic attack

Question 31

causes of panic attacks

Answer 31

inherited vulnerability to stress and anxiety confusion between internal and external cues (interpret normal physical sensations as catastrophic)

Question 32

learned alarms

Answer 32

cues related to internal and external stimuli that can predict pa through. learning

Question 33

treatment for panic attacks and agoraphobia

Answer 33

SSRI benzodiazepines cognitive behavioural therapy gradual exposure paired w calming exercises

Question 34

specific phobia

Answer 34

unreasonable fear of a specific object or situation that interferes with daily functioning

Question 35

diagnostic criteria for specific phobias

Answer 35

marked fear about a situation active avoidance fear is out of proportion 6m+

Question 36

blood injury injection phobia

Answer 36

severe physiological reaction compared to other phobias - bold, injury, injection

Question 37

situational phobia

Answer 37

- fear of public transport/enclosed places no panic attacks out of context

Question 38

natural environment phobia

Answer 38

heights, storms, water often paired together

Question 39

animal phobia

Answer 39

animals

Question 40

other phobia

Answer 40

illness etc

Question 41

specific phobias often take a _________ course and often go _______

Answer 41

chronic untreated

Question 42

causes of specific phobias

Answer 42

- direct experience of a true alarm - info transmission (watching someone else experience the fear) - being told about danger - experiencing a false alarm - inherited tendency to fear dangerous situations and anxiety

Question 43

treatment of specific phobias

Answer 43

structured consistent exposure based exercises (VR)

Question 44

separation anxiety disorder

Answer 44

fear in children that harm will come to them or there parents while they are apart

Question 45

social anxiety disorder

Answer 45

fear and avoidance of social and/or performance situations

Question 46

diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder

Answer 46

- fear about situation where individual is exposed to possible scrutiny - fear they will be negatively evaluated - avoidance - fear is out of proportion

Question 47

causes of social anxiety disorder

Answer 47

inherited tendency to fear angry faces generalized/specifc vulnerability direct experience of true or false alarms watching experience

Question 48

treatment of social anxiety disorder

Answer 48

- cognitive behavioural group therapy - social mishap exposure - SSRI, Paxil, Zoloft, Effexor

Question 49

selective mutism

Answer 49

childhood disorder characterized by lack of speech in certain situations driven by SAD more common in girls similar treatment to SAD

Question 50

cognitive behavioural therapy

Answer 50

keeping mind thoughts, feelings, and behaviour aims to challenge thoughts and cognitive distortion