U12

Question 1

substance

Answer 1

chemical compounds ingested to alter mood or behaviour

Question 2

psychoactive drugs

Answer 2

legal drugs
alter mood, behaviour, or both

Question 3

polysubstance

Answer 3

use of multiple substances

Question 4

substance use

Answer 4

ingestion of psychoactive substances in normal amounts (doesn’t interfere w day to day)

Question 5

substance intoxication

Answer 5

experience impaired judgement mood changes, impaired motor ability, etc
based on type of drug, amounts and individuals biological reactions

Question 6

substance use disorder

Answer 6

substance use interferes w life (job, relationship, etc)
addiction

Question 7

number of symptoms required for mild moderate and severe substance use disorder (in last year)

Answer 7

mild = 2-3
moderate = 4-5
severe 6+

Question 8

examples of physiological dependence

Answer 8

tolerance and withdrawal

Question 9

example of psychological dependence

Answer 9

behavioural reactions to substance dependence (drug seeking behaviour)

Question 10

levels of evolvement in substance use

Answer 10

• use
• intoxication
• abuse
• dependence
• withdrawal

Question 11

diagnostic issues w substance use disorder

Answer 11

• substances might occur at the same time
• drug intoxication snd withdrawal cause increased risk taking
• relationship with mental health disorders

Question 12

categories of substances

Answer 12

depressants
stimulants
opioids
hallucinogens
other

Question 13

depressants

Answer 13

activate inhibitory centers in brain (GABA)
slow inhibitions and reaction time
(alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics)

Question 14

effects of alcohol related disorders

Answer 14

• organ damage (liver)
• release of analgesics
• delirium tremens (hallucinations and body tremors)
• fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 15

sedative vs hypnotic vs anxiolytic drugs

Answer 15

sedative = calming (barbiturates)
hypnotic = sleep inducing (benzos)
anxiolytic = anxiety reducing (benzos)

Question 16

barbiturates are often used to overdose in __________ and benzos have _____ tolerance

Answer 16

suicide attempts
high

Question 17

stimulants (+examples)

Answer 17

stimulate CNS
enhance activity of norepinephrine and dopamine
leads to hallucinations/delusions
(amphetamines , MDMA, cocaine, tobacco related , caffeine related)

Question 18

amphetamines

Answer 18

• low levels can reduce fatigue
  -behavioural symptoms (euphoria affect blunting, anxiety)
• physiological effects (changes in HR and BP)

Question 19

MDMA

Answer 19

• high risk of dependence
• can cause permanent damage

Question 20

cocaine

Answer 20

• increases alertness, euphoria, BP, and pulse
• dopamine system impacted (bad withdrawal)

Question 21

nicotine

Answer 21

• psychoactive
• stimulates pleasure pathways
• highly related to depression

Question 22

caffeine

Answer 22

• elevates mood and decreases fatigue
• causes insomnia

Question 23

opioids

Answer 23

• from opium poppy
• sleep inducing/pain relieving (analgesic)
• bad withdrawal
• affects norepinephrine
• high mortality rates

Question 24

LSD

Answer 24

• easy to build tolerance
• limited withdrawal
• perceptual changes (intensification, depersonalization, hallucination)
• physical symptoms (pupillary dilation, rapid heart beat, sweating)
• bad trips

Question 25

examples of hallucinogens

Answer 25

LSD PCP mushrooms DMT peyote

Question 26

cannabis

Answer 26

- most used drug in canada - alters perceptions - mood swings - impairment in memory, concentration, motivation, self esteem, and relationships

Question 27

drugs in "other" catagory

Answer 27

inhalants steroids designer drugs

Question 28

causes of substance use disorders

Answer 28

genetic vulnerability neurobiological influences psychological dimensions

Question 29

genetic vulnerabilities that may lead to substance use disorders

Answer 29

- abnormalities in gene in chromosome 4 or DRDZ gene - absence of ADH

Question 30

neurobiological influences that may lead to substance use disorders

Answer 30

drugs affect on rewards centers (especially psychoactive)

Question 31

psychological dimensions that may lead to substance use disorders

Answer 31

positive and negative reinforcement (take drug feel good vs don't take drug and feel bad) opponent process theory

Question 32

biological treatment for substance use disorder

Answer 32

agonist substitution (take something w similar chemical makeup to addictive drug, ex. methadone buprenorphine) antagonist treatment (block/counteract effects of psychoactive drug, ex. naltrexone) aversive treatment (drugs that make ingesting abused substances unpleasant, ex. disaffirm, silver nitrate)

Question 33

psychosocial treatment for substance use disorders

Answer 33

- impatient facilities - AA - component treatment - relapse prevention - harm reduction (controlled use, safe injection sites) - education/community based programs - motivational enhancement therapy (increases motivation to change behaviours)

Question 34

impulse control disorders

Answer 34

gambling intermittent explosive kleptomania pyromania

Question 35

treatment for impulse control disorders

Answer 35

CBT