U3 restart Flashcards
definition of leadership
act of influencing others to work towards a goal
trait theory
- some people are natural leaders and possess traits tray are different from those that aren’t leaders
modern trait approach focuses on leadership ________ based on ____, ____, ____, and ____
focuses on leadership emergence and effectiveness based on intelligence, extraversion, integrity, self etsteem
strengths and weaknesses of modern trait approach
s - some empirical validation
w - focuses on leaders vs non leaders
- no focus on good vs bad
- ignores situational differences
behavioural approach
certain behaviours distinguish effective from non effective leaders
Ohio state studies determined good leaders have moderate levels of 2 dimensions which are
- initiating structure
- consideration
Michigan studies compared _______ and ________
task and people-oriented leaders
when leaders are people oriented there is and increase in ….
satisfaction, motivation, and respect for leader
when leaders are task oriented there is an increase in …
productivity and performance
strengths and weaknesses of the behavioural approach
s - led to a new form of management
w - definitions of behaviours are too broad
- ignores situationla differences
contingency approach
states that to be effective leadership style will depend on situation
path-goal theory
leader is responsible for making sure 3 traits of expectancy theory are met
- theory identifies 4 leadership. styles
leadership styles of the path goal theory
- directive (lots of guidelines)
- supportive (friendly relationship based)
- participative (taking suggestions)
- achievement oriented (goal attainment)
subordinate characteristics in path goal theory
- perceived ability
- locus of control
- experience
environmental factors of path goal theory
- task structure
- authority system
- work group
supportive leadership style is best for …
boring, stressful, dangerous or tedious tasks
- lower anxiety and raise self esteem
directive style is best for …
unstructured tasks and inexperienced employees
- increase effort and job satisfaction
participative style is best for …
ambiguous tasks with knowledgeable employees
achievement oriented style is best for …
familiar tasks and experienced employees
unstructured situation need _______ leadership and structured situation need ______ leadership
directed
supportive
strengths and weaknesses of path goal theory
s - some empirical support
w - few direct applications
- focuses only on subordinate motivation
leader membership exchange (LMX)
- based on relationship between leader and subordinates
- leaders differentiate followers by in and out groups
strengths and weaknesses of LMX
s - some empirical support
- recognizes leaders have different relationships with individuals
- highlights importance of relationship quality
w - more descriptive then perspective
- only 2 types of relationships
transactional leadership
based on exchange
