U4 L6 The Reformation: Wycliffe, Huss, And Luther

Question 1

What is the Reformation?

Answer 1

16-17 cent religious and political movement that spread in Western Europe

Question 2

What is a Papal Bull?

Answer 2

official statement issued by the pope

Question 3

What was the Unam Sanctum?

Answer 3

• papal bull

- stated that pope was head of church and state

Question 4

What is nepotism?

Answer 4

granting position or appointments to relatives

Question 5

What is simony?

Answer 5

buying and selling of church positions

Question 6

What did John Wycliffe contribute to the reformation?

Answer 6

• denounced clerical abuses
• questioned papal authority
• denied right of a ruler to demand obedience and claim it was God’s will

Question 7

Who was Wycliffe sponsored by?

Answer 7

John Gaunt

Question 8

What did the Papal schism of 1378 produce?

Answer 8

• two rival popes

- French cardinals chose a French pope because they disliked the the Italian pope

Question 9

What was Wycliffe’s view on the Bible?

Answer 9

only measure for Christian conduct

Question 10

What was Wycliffe’s main contribution?

Answer 10

he and his followers translated Bible into English

Question 11

What happened when Wycliffe became a revolutionary?

Answer 11

• lost supporters

- people wanted changes but not an overthrow of the church

Question 12

What were Wycliffe’s followers known as?

Answer 12

Lollards

Question 13

What was Wycliffe known as?

Answer 13

Morning star of the Reformation

Question 14

Who spread Wycliffe’s influences in Bohemia?

Answer 14

John Huss

Question 15

What did Huss attack?

Answer 15

Church offices, not sacraments

Question 16

How was the Papal schism compounded in 1409?

Answer 16

Third pope denounced the other two and claimed papal authority

Question 17

Who did Huss influence?

Answer 17

Martin Luther

Question 18

After the death of Huss, what did his followers establish?

Answer 18

• Unity of Brethren/ Moravian Church

- called first Protestant church

Question 19

What was Martin Luther’s background?

Answer 19

• educated to believe only God had powers to save man
• not exposed to humanistic ideas
• nearly killed by lighting!?!?!?!?

Question 20

Was it common for ideas to be discussed an debates publicly in this time?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

If someone had a proposal that he wanted to see debated, what would they do?

Answer 21

post their thesis to the public

Question 22

What were the Ninety-Five Theses?

Answer 22

• Oct 31, 1517

- Martin Luther nailed his proposals on the Wittenberg church door

Question 23

What was one idea that was expressed in the Ninety-Five Theses?

Answer 23

Popes could not forgive sinners, but was only God’s representative

Question 24

What were the effects of Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses?

Answer 24

• Germany got involved
• Theses were translated into German
• People stopped buying indulgences

Question 25

What did Luther dispute when the papal council called him in 1519?

Answer 25

- believers should partake the Lord's Supper - service shouldn't only be in Latin - number of sacraments is two: Supper and baptism - marriage was not a sacrament - sacraments included rites belonging only to Christians

Question 26

Who supported and opposed Luther?

Answer 26

S- Fredrick the Wise | O- Charles V

Question 27

What was the Diet of Worms in 1521?

Answer 27

- Luther was tried | - He refused to deny his beliefs

Question 28

What did Luther do when he was disguised as a knight in Wartburg castle?

Answer 28

translated Bible into German

Question 29

What were Luther's followers known as?

Answer 29

Protestant

Question 30

What did the Protestants do?

Answer 30

- simplified German church services - omitted mass - eliminated monastic orders

Question 31

What was the Augsburg Confession of 1530?

Answer 31

set forth Lutheran doctrines

Question 32

By the mid-16 cent which countries had become Lutheran and remained Catholic?

Answer 32

L- Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Northern Germany (DENO SWEG) | C- Southern Germany

Question 33

What was the Peace of Augsburg in 1555?

Answer 33

- ended war between Charles V and Lutherans | - German princes could make religious choices for their state

Question 34

What was the result of the religious differences and political differences in Germany?

Answer 34

prevented rise of strong national state of Germany