U7 L2 England: Fires Of Continuation

Question 1

Before the Industrial Revolution, how did people (craftsmen) work?

Answer 1

• set own hours
• used own tools
• food grown in family garden
• independent and self-sufficient
• work at pace best suited for them
• ran business at home or nearby workshop

Question 2

Where were factories initially located?

Answer 2

near water bodies to run machines

Question 3

What is capital?

Answer 3

amount of property/money available for use in business

Question 4

What is a capitalist?

Answer 4

• person who has a capital invested in a business

- engages in free enterprise

Question 5

What is a stockholder?

Answer 5

• someone who purchased stock (aka shareholder)
• part owners of business
• lost when company lost
• receives percentage of business profits

Question 6

Because setting up a factory and business required a lot of money, what did several businesses combine to gather?

Answer 6

capital

Question 7

What is the aristocracy?

Answer 7

small privileged class of nobility, the wealthy

Question 8

Who did financial support come from?

Answer 8

merchants who were wealthy through trading during previous years

Question 9

What citizen class were most merchants from?

Answer 9

middle-class

Question 10

Who did the upper class consist of?

Answer 10

nobility and aristocracy

Question 11

How did the upper class make their fortune?

Answer 11

owning land (bc they were like ‘ugh dirty work and factories, how utterly mundane, but then they saw the middle-class pulling in the stacks and they were like o-0)

Question 12

What were the two groups people that were categorized into in Factories?

Answer 12

• directing work

- performing tasks

Question 13

What was the difference between the salaries of those who administered work and did the work in factories?

Answer 13

A- monthly/yearly salary

D- daily/weekly wages

Question 14

Who were among the original factor workers?

Answer 14

-Beggars
-street people
-women
-children
(soon joined by skilled workers)

Question 15

What were the positive advantages of factories?

Answer 15

• jobs for unemployed
• self employed were provided steady paychecks
• economic conditions improved
• increased productivity

Question 16

What were the negative disadvantages of factories?

Answer 16

• works did the work, administers reaped the benefits
• poor working conditions
• artisans and farmers put out of jobs and skills seemed useless

Question 17

For the capitalists, were the poor conditions in factories were of little interest to them?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

The factory worker bore the brunt of the factory system through the stifling of his what?

Answer 18

• creativity
• dignity
• self-worth

Question 19

Who built the first known steam engine? When and where?

Answer 19

• 120 BC, Hero

- Alexandria Egypt

Question 20

Who were given real credit for the invention of the steam engine?

Answer 20

English

Question 21

In 1698, what did Thomas Savery invent? What was it used for?

Answer 21

• first practical steam engine

- pump/drain water from mines

Question 22

In 1712, what did Thomas Newcomen improve?

Answer 22

Thomas Savery’s steam engine

Question 23

The steam engine did not become popular until what?

Answer 23

James Watt patented advanced steam engine in 1769

Question 24

Why was James Watt’s steam engine unique?

Answer 24

could drive other machines

Question 25

What did the steam engine influence?

Answer 25

- machinery | - transportation (steamships, railroads)

Question 26

How did steam engines impact transportation (in general)?

Answer 26

- safer - more comfortable - faster - cheaper

Question 27

What did John McAdam construct?

Answer 27

improved road

Question 28

How was John McAdam's road constructed?

Answer 28

- raised arch shape so water will flow out of road - large stones for foundation - covered with smaller stone layers - top layer even smaller stones held together with mud - smoothed with roller

Question 29

Are modern roads today made the same as John McAdam's road, excluding mud?

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

How did the steam engine impact water travel?

Answer 30

- steamship - not relying on wind - quicker distribution

Question 31

What did Robert Fulton invent? What did it influence and what was its impact?

Answer 31

- steamship, Clermont - transatlantic travel by steamship - faster distribution and at cheaper price

Question 32

In 1814, what did George Stephenson invent? How did it work?

Answer 32

- steam locomotive | - powered by coal to produce steam

Question 33

In 1830, after perfecting the steam engine, what did George Stephenson create? What did it do? And how fast was it?

Answer 33

- steam locomotive, the Rocket - pulled railroad cars from Liverpool to Manchester - 29 mph

Question 34

The steam engine allowed tunnels to be dug where?

Answer 34

through mountains, saving time and money