uk energy sources and importances Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the general context of the UK’s energy sector?
The UK is a high-income country with ~67 million people, highly urbanised. It historically relied on coal and is now transitioning to low-carbon energy. The government aims for Net Zero carbon emissions by 2050.
Why is energy demand high in the UK?
Energy demand is high due to the need for transport, heating, and electricity in a developed and urbanised economy.
Why is the UK no longer energy self-sufficient?
The UK was once self-sufficient with North Sea oil and gas, but reserves have declined, and the country now relies more on imports.
What percentage of UK electricity came from gas in 2008 and 2023?
46% in 2008 and approximately 38% in 2023.
What percentage of UK homes are heated by gas?
Around 70% of UK homes are heated by gas.
Where does the UK import natural gas from?
The UK imports natural gas from Norway, Qatar, and Russia (though imports from Russia have decreased due to geopolitical tensions).
How much did coal contribute to electricity in 2008 vs now?
Coal contributed 31% of electricity in 2008, but now it contributes less than 1%.
When will the UK fully phase out coal?
The UK plans to phase out all coal-fired power stations by 2025.
How much electricity does nuclear power provide in the UK?
Nuclear power provides about 14% of the UK’s electricity.
What is a major nuclear project currently being built in the UK?
Hinkley Point C, expected to be operational by 2027, costing around £20 billion.
How much did renewables contribute to electricity in 2008 vs 2023?
Renewables contributed 5.5% in 2008 and over 40% in 2023.
Which renewable energy source is the UK a world leader in?
The UK is a world leader in offshore wind energy.
What are the fastest-growing renewable energy types in the UK?
The fastest-growing renewable energy sources in the UK are:
- Offshore wind (+49%)
- Onshore wind (+38%)
- Biomass & waste (+4%)
Why is hydroelectric power limited in the UK?
Hydroelectric power is limited due to the UK’s terrain, as it lacks the large mountain ranges needed for significant hydroelectric generation. It is used in Scotland and Wales.
How much electricity did the domestic and industrial sectors use in 2008?
Domestic sector: 117.8 TWh
Industry: 113.6 TWh
Why is gas important in the UK?
Gas is flexible and reliable for meeting peak demand and is essential for heating and cooking.
Why is nuclear energy important in the UK?
Nuclear energy is important because it is low-carbon, provides consistent power, and helps the UK meet its climate targets.
Why are renewables important in the UK?
Renewables are crucial for achieving Net Zero by 2050, reducing emissions, and creating green jobs and energy security.
What is the importance of biomass energy in the UK?
Biomass energy helps reduce landfill waste and diversifies the energy mix.
From which countries does the UK import electricity?
The UK imports electricity from France (nuclear) and Norway (hydroelectric).
What are the UK’s recent energy-related goals?
The UK’s recent energy goals include:
- Achieving Net Zero by 2050
- A ban on new petrol/diesel cars by 2035
- Increased demand for electricity due to the growth of electric vehicles (EVs)
- Use of smart meters and energy-efficient homes to reduce demand.
