sahara hot desert Flashcards
(12 cards)
Where is the Sahara Desert located, and how large is it?
In North Africa, covering over 9 million km².
Why is the Sahara dry due to its global location?
It lies in the tropical high-pressure belt (15°–30° N), where dry, sinking air prevents cloud formation.
How do the Atlas Mountains contribute to the Sahara’s dryness?
They cause a rain shadow effect, drying air as it descends into the desert.
How does distance from the sea affect the Sahara’s climate?
Moist sea winds lose moisture before reaching inland areas, increasing aridity.
What is the typical summer temperature in the Sahara?
Often exceeds 45°C due to intense sunlight and little cloud cover.
How much rain does the Sahara receive annually?
Less than 250 mm, with some areas having no rain for years.
Why are desert plants sparsely distributed?
To reduce competition for limited water and due to poor soils.
What are xerophytes, and give an example.
Plants adapted to dry conditions, e.g., cacti or acacia trees.
What root adaptations help plants survive in the Sahara?
Very deep (up to 30m) or widespread roots to reach underground water.
How do some desert plants store water?
In thick, fleshy stems (succulent adaptation), e.g., cacti.
Why do desert plants have small or waxy leaves?
To reduce water loss through transpiration and deter animals.
What are ephemerals, and how are they adapted?
Plants that grow and flower rapidly after rain, completing life cycles in weeks.
