UN Flashcards
(30 cards)
What does the UNDP do?
Operates in over 170 countries; focuses on eradicating poverty, reducing inequality, and sustainable development.
What were the Millennium Development Goals and their impact?
Goals from 2000–2015 that helped halve global extreme poverty from 36% in 1990 to 10% in 2015.
What are the Sustainable Development Goals (2015–2030)?
17 goals including clean water, gender equality, and climate action.
How does the UN lack power to enforce laws?
It has no binding authority and is advisory only.
Why do poorer nations struggle with UN support?
UN projects often depend on donations, making poorer nations vulnerable.
How does the UN sometimes benefit wealthier nations more?
It tends to benefit more stable, wealthier nations where aid is more effective.
What are some growth benefits of TNCs?
They bring investment, jobs, and technology transfer.
Which MINT countries are growing rapidly and what are their GDP growth rates (2015)?
Indonesia: 5.9%, Nigeria: 5.8%, Mexico: 4%.
What is profit leakage in the context of TNCs?
Profits return to HQ countries like the US (e.g. Nike, Apple).
How do TNCs exploit labour?
Low wages and poor working conditions.
How do TNCs avoid paying taxes?
They benefit from tax breaks, reducing host countries’ income.
How do TNCs contribute to environmental degradation?
They outsource to countries with weak regulations (e.g. e-waste dumping in Ghana).
What do IMF, WTO, and World Bank provide?
Loans, support for trade liberalisation, and structural adjustment programmes (SAPs).
What do SAPs often require?
Cutting health, education, and environmental spending.
How do international organisations reinforce inequality?
They benefit developed economies more and reinforce the North-South divide.
What can developing nations become dependent on?
Aid and foreign investment.
What are the advantages of regional trading blocs?
Promote regional cooperation, free movement of goods/labour, and growth.
How does the EU’s Single Market benefit members?
It increases GDP and foreign investment.
What is a disadvantage of regional trading blocs?
Non-members are excluded from benefits.
How do trading blocs affect national sovereignty?
They can undermine it and create uneven development within regions.
What is cultural diffusion and give an example?
Spread of Western films, food, fashion.
What is glocalisation? Give an example.
Adaptation of global brands to local cultures, e.g. McDonald’s Mac Burritos in Mexico.
What is cultural homogenisation?
The loss of local identities and traditions due to global cultural influence.
How does globalisation increase CO₂ emissions?
Due to increased transportation.
